• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2012

This study assessed the association between vitamin D sufficiency (serum 25(OH)D ${\geq}30ng/mL$) and alcohol consumption using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2009. The following characteristics were obtained in 7,010 Korean participants ${\geq}19$-years-of-age: serum 25(OH)D level, alcohol consumption (drinking frequency, drinking number of alcoholic beverages on a typical occasion, average daily-alcohol intake), and potential confounders (age, residence, housing status, occupation, total fat and lean mass, smoking, physical activity, history of liver diseases, liver function, and daily intake of energy, protein, and calcium). After adjusting for confounders, vitamin D sufficiency in men was significantly associated with drinking frequency, number of alcoholic drinks consumed, and average daily alcohol intake; odds ratio of 1.21-1.72, 2.17-3.04, and 2.27-3.09, respectively. Increase in the three alcohol drinking-related behaviors was also linearly associated with increase in serum 25(OH)D level in men. By comparison, there was no significant association between alcohol intake and serum 25(OH)D level in women. The positive association between vitamin D sufficiency and alcohol consumption was evident only in Korean men.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.188-211
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• 2021

Decreasing response rates to traditional survey methods, like face-to-face and telephone interviews, have led survey practitioners around the world to seek new ways of conducting surveys in recent years." The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this problem because it made conducting face-to-face interviews even more difficult than before. For example, it made conducting face-to-face surveys infeasible in 2020 in South Korea, and so the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS) was unable to conduct a planned face-to-face survey to recruit new panel members. The entire 8,514-member panel, established via two-stage probability-based sampling from 2016 to 2019, was invited to take three online/telephone surveys in 2020. Of these panel members, 1,352 responded to at least one survey in 2020. To test to what extent the panel remained representative of the adult South Korean population, we compared the two groups of panel members: those who responded to at least one survey in 2020 and those who did not. After weighting both groups on the basis of age, sex, and geographical area, we analyzed their responses to some of the questions that were asked during multiple rounds of the face-to-face panel-recruiting interviews. Using Cohen's d for survey items that could be analyzed numerically and Cramér's V for categorical items, we were able to conclude that the respondents to the 2020 surveys were equivalent to the non-respondents in terms of both demographics and in the answers they originally gave to substantive questions on a variety of topics related to social science or public opinion research, including questions about quality of life, societal issue, and politics (Cohen's d items <0.2, 95% CI; Cramér's V items <0.1, 95% CI). This analysis may provide a model for others who wish to test the continued representativeness of their panel or who would like to use a different survey mode or change some other aspect of their methodology and test whether it is equivalent to their former methodology. Our success in building a panel that retained its representativeness may be useful to those in other countries where face-to-face surveys had previously been the norm but are becoming increasingly difficult to conduct.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to investigate actual conditions of terrestrial vegetation part in Environmental impact statement, and to prepare a proposal for the efficiency of Environmental Impact Assessment. 13 E.I.S.s made out during 1996.6-1997.5. have been chosen and analysed with respect to scope of survey, item of survey, method of survey, and result of survey. Actual conditioins of terrestrial vegetation part in E.I.S. are summarized as follows : 1. The mean number of total participants in drawing up E.I.S. is 26.0 persons, that of participants in terrestrial vegetation part is 2.3 persons. 2. In case of planar project, the mean of scope of survey is 16.1 times as large as area of project . In case of linear project, the scope of survey has been determined arbitrarily. 3. The most part of survey has been dependent on literature, and field survey has been practically neglected. 4. Results of survey mostly missed the point that E.I.A. pursues. And proposals are as follows : 1. Participants in terrestrial vegetation part in drawing up E.I.S should be increased. 2. It is necessary to subdivide scope of survey in view of difference between planar project and linear project. 3. As for item and method of survey, field survey should be specially reinforced. 4. Several sheets of map as results of survey should be included in E.I.S. The vegetation map, the D.G.N. map, and the planting map should be included and drawn by smaller scale as possible.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-125
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal growth and maintenance and in the prevention of various diseases. We investigated the relationship between vitamin D intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adults aged ${\geq}50$ years using the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted in 1,808 subjects aged ${\geq}50$ years with BMD data in Korea. Dietary vitamin D levels were assessed by the 24-hour recall method. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We investigated general characteristics and the association between these characteristics, vitamin D status, and BMD. RESULTS: Vitamin D intake was significantly lower in the osteoporosis group among women (P < 0.05). Among all subjects, the higher the serum 25(OH)D concentration, the higher the whole-body total BMD (WBT-BMD), femoral total hip BMD, and femoral neck BMD (P < 0.01). In the serum vitamin D-deficient group of both the total population and women, serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with WBT-BMD (P < 0.05). Among women with a calcium intake < 537.74 mg/day, BMD of those with a vitamin D intake > $2.51{\mu}g/day$ (average intake of women) was higher than that of women with a vitamin D intake ${\leq}2.51{\mu}g/day$ (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Korean adults should increase their BMD by increasing serum 25(OH)D concentration. Furthermore, increasing vitamin D intake could improve BMD, especially in Korean women who consume less calcium than the estimated average requirement.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.177-183
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• 1974

It is generally recognized that the environmental noise of the various working places thought to be the cause of hearing disturbance. This survey was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of noise-induced occupational bearing loss among the weavers of 39 textile industries in Taegu, Korea. For this survey, 432 male workers and 2,023 female workers were examined their hearing acuity by Individual pure tone threshold determination test(air conduction), from November, 1972, to January, 1973. Main findings were as follows : 1. The mean of noise intensity of the 54 weaving rooms was, in over all, $95.6{\pm}4.2dB\;(A),\;95.9{\pm}4.0dB\;(B)\;and\;96.2{\pm}3.9dB\;(C)$. 2. The mean hearing threshold levels by service years in the 4,000 Hz were intensively increased from 1st to 3rd year and slightly decreased. than that of 3rd year, from after 3rd to 5th year, after 5th year that increased slightly. 3. The mean hearing threshold levels by frequencies were highest in the 4,000 Hz(male: $25.0{\pm}11.3dB$, female: $22.0{\pm}10.2dB$) and followed by 6,000, 8,000 and 3,000 Hz. 4. The mean hearing threshold level of the 6,000 Hz (male: 17.0 dB. female: 17.9dB) was higher than that of 4,000Hz (male: 16.4 dB, female: 17.1dB) in tile 1st service year. 5. The mean hearing loss of examinees was $16.2{\pm}8.0dB$ in male and $15.4{\pm}7.8dB$ in female.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.434-437
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• 2006

Though numerous drilling has been performed in Jeju Island for development of ground water, the wells are mostly located along the coast lines or at low altitude area, and can hardly be found on the mid-mountain area. Two-dimensional magnetotelluric (MT) surveys have been carried out to cover the lack of geological Informal ion on the mid-mountain area and to figure out any possible structures or evidences for deep geothermal energy remained. Two-dimensional (2-D) inversion of MT data for four survey lines surrounding the Halla mountain show a thick layer having around 10 ohm-m in the depth of a few hundred meters throughout the survey area, which can be considered as the unconsol idated sedimentary layer. And they also show a conductive anomaly extending to more than 2km depth at the central part of each survey lines, which can possibly be related with old volcanic activities during the formation of Halla Mt.. Further seological/geophysical investigations should be followed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.561-567
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• 2009

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates of Shinbulsan wetland was investigated. This study was focused on the degree of recovery of habitat by comparing the community structure of benthic macro invertebrates of zone D to that of zone A, intact habitat. The zone D was destructed due to the construction of a golf club and the survey was performed in zone A and zone D of Shinbulsan wetland. The seasonal survey was performed in April, July and September from 2006 to 2007. From the sampling, 2 phyla, 3 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 69 species and 1155 individuals of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected. From zone A, 2 phyla, 3 classes, 9 orders, 23 families, 54 species and 678 individuals were identified. From zone D, 2 phyla, 3 classes, 9 orders, 23 families, 43 species and 477 individuals were identified. Species diversity and species richness were higher in zone A than in zone D. The recovery of zone D was inefficient as humidity of soil was not enough to live macroinvertebrates. Also, an endangered species of macroinvertebrates, Nannophya pygmaea was found during this investigation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1999

Electric and electromagnetic surveys were conducted to investigate the deep structure of the Ulsan fault in Ipsil area, south of Kyeongju. On this study, especially high-frequency magnetotelluric method of electromagnetic survey in the frequency range of 10~100,000 Hz was mainly employed to study the deep subsurface configuration. High-frequency MT survey was performed at 70 points of spacing 30~50 m, making 3.8 km survey line. As a survey result, a 2-km-depth 2-D cross-section was achieved. It shows vertical and horizontal subsurface variations of resistivity values. Near-surface layer having low resistivity value becomes thicker eastward up to 800m. There is a steep low resistivity zone in the west side of survey line, and there exists two low resistivity zones dipping west in the east side of survey line. Two low resistivity zones are interpreted to be related to major movement pattern of the Ulsan fault. This suggests that major fault lines are developed on both peripheral sides of the broad fault zone.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1959

1. 저자들이 1959년 7월 14일부터 22일까지에 강원도 설악산의 9개소 즉 장수태, 십이탕골, 백담사, 오세암, 수강동, 봉정암, 가야동, 마등령, 및 신흥사에서 주로 복숭아 trap 법과 sweeping 법으로 채집한 Drosophilidae 는 4 촉 4 아촉 22종 512 개체였다. 2. D.auraria, D. testacea, D.brachynephros, D.sexivitata, D.unispina, D.bifasciata, Amiota variegata, D.angularis 및 D. histrio가 다수 채집되었으며 Mycodrosophilachr과 Chymomyza 촉의 종은 본 채집에서 볼 수 없었고 다른곳에서 흔히 잡히는 D.bizohnata D.bizonnata, D.nigrmaculata 도 채집되어지지 않았다. 3. D.sexivittata, D.testacea 의 Polymorphism, D.brachynephros, D. angularis,D. unispina의 구별, D. lacertosa 와 Amiota variegata 의 crossvein, A. alboguttata 의 genitalia , D, histrio의 abominal band 및 crossvein , A. alboguttata 의 genitalia, D.histrio의 abominal band 및 crossvein $C_3$ bristle 문제를 검토했다. 4. D.kuntzeisms 한국산 Drosophilidae 목록에 새로 첨가할 미기록종이며 미지종 3 종 즉 A(A.) sp., d.(D.) sp., D.(S.) sp like helvetica BURLA 의 검토를 예의 진행중에 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2020

Recently the importance of BIM (Building Information Modeling) that enables 3D location-based design and construction work is being highlighted around the world. In Korea, the road map has been established to settle the design based on BIM using drone survey results by 2025. As the first step, BIM would be applied to road construction projects worth more than 50 billion Korean Won from 2020. On the other hand, drone survey regulation has been enacted and the data for drone survey cost were also included on Standard of construction estimate in 2020. However, more careful improvement is required to reflect drone survey results in BIM design and construction. Currently, Engineering instructions and Standard of construction estimate specifies that earthwork volume must be calculated by cross section method only. So it is required to add the method of DEM (Digital Elevation Model) based volume calculation on these regulations to realize BIM application. In order for that, this study verified the method of DEM based earthwork volume calculation. To get an accurate DEM for accurate volume computation, drone survey was carried out according to the drone survey regulation and then could get an accurate DEM data which have errors less than 3cm in X, Y and 6.8cm in H. As each DEM cell has 3D coordinate component, the volume of each cell can be calculated by obtaining the height of area of the cell then total volume is calculated by multiplying total number of cells by volume of each cell for the construction area. Verification for the new calculation method compare with existing method was carried out. The difference between DEM based volume by drone survey and cross section based volume by traditional survey was less than 1.33% and it can be seen that new DEM method will be able to be applied to BIM design and construction instead of cross section method.