• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.241-245
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• 2003

This paper introduces a method that can derive information about the movement of a spreader and skew in order to drive ALS(Automatic Landing System) in the crane used at a harbor. Some methods that use LDL Corner detectors a kind of 2D Laser scanner sensor or Laser distance measuring units to obtain the information in ALS are used presently. But these have some defects in economic efficiency and performance. Therefore, to correct these defects, we propose a method to acquire the information for the movement of a spreader, skew and sway angle using CCD camera image data and Laser distance measuring unit data.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2005

In this study, tele-robotics was researched to actualize robots in agriculture. The robot system consisted of a data collecting robot, several robots that performed their own agricultural operations, a server, client computers and networks between robots and computers. In this paper, as a first step, harvesting experiments were carried out. From the results, it was observed that the tele-robotics had feasibility to propel the robotization in agriculture. The tele-robotics has advantages not only that human workers are released from the severe working environment but also that the greenhouse can be monitored and controlled anytime and anywhere.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.387-397
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• 2023

식물의 초장은 작물의 생육상태를 가시적으로 파악 할 수 있는 생육지표로 수량과 상관성이 높아 작물 육종이나 재배 연구에 널리 사용된다. 초장과 같은 작물의 생육특성 조사는 전통적으로 자를 이용하여 사람이 직접 조사하였으나 최근 센싱, 영상 기술이 발전하면서 작물의 생육을 효율적으로 조사하기 위해 생육계측 기술을 디지털 전환하려는 연구가 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 넓은 범위에 걸쳐 정밀한 측정이 가능한 레이저 스캐너를 사용하여 다양한 질소 시비 수준에서 재배된 벼 군락의 높이를 측정하고 실측 초장과 비교 분석을 수행하였다. 군락의 높이는 레이저 스캐너로 수집된 포인트 클라우드의 상위 1% 점의 높이를 계산하여 측정하였다. 상위 1% 점의 높이를 이용하여 추정한 초장이 실측 초장과 가장 높은 결정계수를 보였고(R² = 0.93, RMSE = 2.73), 선형회귀식을 도출하 여 이를 근거로 레이저 스캐너로 측정된 군락의 높이를 실측 초장으로 변환하였다. 질소 시비 조건 및 생육 시기별로 수집된 실측 초장과 추정 값(레이저 스캐너로 측정된 군락 높이 기반으로 계산된 초장)을 종합하여 벼의 생육그래프를 도출한 결과, 레이저 스캐너 기반 초장 측정 기술이 벼의 초장과 생육을 평가하는데 충분히 활용될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후, 레이저 스캐너에서 도출된 3차원 영상은 작물 군락의 생육량 추정, 작물 초형 분석 등에 적용 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 기존 작물 생육조사 방식의 디지털 전환을 위한 기술로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to offer the basis contributes to extract the standardized body data from 3D body measuring for women aged 60 and older. The WB4 of Cyberware was used, and the measuring program of 3D scanning data was 3DM. This study was focused to verify the reliability of 3D data and to offer the effective utilization of 3D measuring on the research for elderly women■s body. Subjects were 19 women aged 60 and older. And three women in late twenties and three dressforms for women were comparing subjects to analyze the signiscant difference by age or human body variable making error. First, 3D scanning was executed twice on each subject, but any significant difference was not appear between two scanning data. So we certifed we could get the consistent and reliable data from the 3D scanner used in this study. Second, the reliability of 3D measuring data was analyzed, and the error range which meant the difference between 3D data and traditional measuring data was analyzed. In elderly women, the significant difference between two data was appeared in 19 body parts. The 7 of 19 were concerned with armpit point. In young women, three significant difference were appeared, and in dressforms, any significant difference was not certified. From these results, we could certify that age or human body variable produced the difference between two data. Third, the data of elderly women from three measuring methods, 3D measuring, traditional measuring, and measuring on 2D photographs were compared. From the result, we found that the 3D measuring data was quite reliable for most body parts excluding some width parts. But in elderly women, there were some limitation to extract reliable data because of their unique body characteristics. In order to be a role of the effective measuring method, the 3D measuring protocol reflected the body characteristics of each age or gender had to be prepared.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.977-984
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• 2013

This study classified the type of sole for female high school students and analyzed the characteristics of each type by the shape of the sole (plantar view) using 2D scan data. The data were collected from a foot anthropometry of 310 female high school students in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do. Left feet and right feet were measured indirectly by using flatbed scanner. The sole anthropometric measurements consisted of 24 items. The results of the investigation into the differences between left and right feet soles by the 2D measurements data indicated that there was no significant statistical differences in the length of items. The left sole had higher values than right sole in the width items and angle items; however, the lateral side of the right feet projected to the outside more often than left feet. In analyzing foot sole of female high school students, the shapes of sole were classified into three types. Type 1(41.94%), Type 2(36.77%), Type 3(21.29%). The most characteristic sole type for female high school students was Type 1. Type 1 referred to a narrow foot width with little or no curvature of the toe. Type 2 represented the longest foot, with foot width shown as a spacious and distinctive feature in width at the medial area of the foot. Type 3 represented the shortest and widest of ball width, gathered inside toe 5, and lateral side as the most projected among the three types.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2009

MR compatible coaxial-slot antenna for microwave hyperthermia was developed while its structure and size of each part were determined by computer simulation using finite element method(FEM). Its local heating performance was evaluated using tissue-mimic phantom and swine muscles. 2% agarose gel mixed with 6mM/$\ell$ $MnCl_2$ as a biological tissue-mimic phantom was heated by the proposed antenna driven by a 2.45GHz microwave generator. The temperature changes of the phantom were monitored using multi-channel digital thermometer at the distance of 0mm, 5mm, 10mm and 20mm from the tip center of the antenna. Also muscle tissue of swine was heated for 2 and 5minutes with 50W and 30W of microwave generator powers, respectively, to evaluate the local heating performance of the antenna. MRI compatibility was also verified by acquiring MR images and MR temperature map. MR signals were acquired from the agarose gel phantom using $T2^*$ GRE sequence with 1.5T clinical MRI scanner(Signa Echospeed, GE, Milwaukee, WI, U.S.A.) at Pusan Paik Hospital and were transferred to PC in order to reconstruct MR images and temperature map using proton resonance frequency(PRF) method and laboratory-developed phase unwrapping algorithm. Authors found that it has no severe distortion due to the antenna inserted into the phantom. Finally, we can conclude that the suggested coaxial-slot antenna has an excellent local heating performance for both of tissue-mimic phantom and swine muscle, and it is compatible to 1.5T MRI scanner.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.270-284
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• 2017

This study aimed to create 3D-printed insoles for flat-footed senior men using 3D systems. 3D systems are product-manufacturing systems that use 3-dimensional technologies like 3D scanning, 3D modeling, and 3D printing. This study used a 3D scanner (NexScan2), 3D CAD programs including Rapidform, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Nauta+ compiling program, and a 3D printer. In order to create insoles for flat-footed senior men, we analyzed horizontal sections of 3D foot scans We selected 20 flat-footed and 20 normal-footed subjects. To make the 3D insole models, we sliced nine lines on the surface of the subjects' 3D foot scans, and plotted 144 points on the lines. We calculated the average of these 3D coordinates, then located this average within the 3D space of the AutoCAD program and created 3D sole models using the loft surface tools of the SolidWorks program. The sole models for flat feet differed from those of normal feet in the depth of the arch at the inner sideline and the big toe line. We placed the normal-footed sole model on a flat-footed sole model, and the combination of the two models resulted in the 3D insole for flat feet. We printed the 3D modeled insole using a 3D printer. The 3D printing material was an acrylic resin similar to rubber. This made the insole model flexible and wearable. This study utilized 3D systems to create 3D insoles for flat-footed seniors and this process can be applied to manufacture other items in the fashion industry as well.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the knee joint after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with three-dimensional (3D) isotropic magnetic resonance (MR) image, and to directly compare the ACL graft findings on 3D MR with the clinical results. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2014, we retrospectively reviewed MRIs of 39 patients who had reconstructed ACL with double bundle technique. The subjects were examined using 3D isotropic proton-density sequence and routine two-dimensional (2D) sequence on 3.0T scanner. The MR images were qualitatively evaluated for the intraarticular curvature, graft tear, bony impingement, intraosseous tunnel cyst, and synovitis of anteromedial and posterolateral bundles (AMB, PLB). In addition anterior tibial translation, PCL angle, PCL ratio were quantitatively measured. KT arthrometric values were reviewed for anterior tibial translation as positive or negative. The second look arthroscopy results including tear and laxity were reviewed. Results: Significant correlations were found between an AMB tear on 3D-isotropic proton density MR images and arthroscopic proven AMB tear or laxity (P < 0.05). Also, a significant correlation was observed between increased PCL ratio on 3D isotropic MRI and the arthroscopic findings such as tear, laxities of grafts (P < 0.05). KT arthrometric results were found to be significantly correlated with AMB tears (P < 0.05) and tibial tunnel cysts (P < 0.05). Conclusion: An AMB tear on 3D-isotropic MRI was correlated with arthroscopic results qualitatively and quantitatively. 3D isotropic MRI findings can aid the evaluation of ACL grafts after double bundle reconstruction.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1679-1684
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• 2004

This paper introduces a novel approach that can provide the three dimensional information on the movement of a spreader by using two CCD cameras and a laser distance sensor, which enables an ALS (Automatic Landing System) to be used for yard cranes at a harbor. So far a kind of 2D Laser scanner sensor or laser distance measuring units are used as corner detectors for the geometrical matching between the spreader and a container, which provides only 2D information which is not enough for an accurate and fast ALS system required presently. In addition to this deficiency in performance, the price for the system is too high to be adopted widely for the ALS. Therefore, to overcome these defects, a novel method to acquire the three dimensional information for the movement of a spreader including skew and sway angles is proposed using two CCD cameras and a laser distance sensor. To show the efficiency of proposed algorithm, real experiments are performed to show the accuracy improvement in distance measurement by fusing the sensory information of CCD camera and laser distance sensor.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2019

PURPOSE. Comparing the accuracy of casts produced from digital workflow to that of casts produced from conventional techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Whole arch alginate (ALG) and polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impressions were taken with stock trays and custom trays, respectively. The ALG impressions were poured with type III dental stone, while the PVS impressions were poured with type IV dental stone. For the digital workflow, IOS impressions were taken and physical casts were produced by 3D printing. In addition, 3D printed casts were produced from images obtained from a laboratory scanner (LS). For each technique, a total of 10 casts were produced. The accuracies of the whole arch and separated teeth were virtually quantified. RESULTS. Whole arch cast accuracy was more superior for PVS followed by LS, ALG, and IOS. The PVS and ALG groups were inferior in the areas more susceptible to impression material distortion, such as fossae and undercut regions. The LS casts appeared to have generalized errors of minor magnitude influencing primarily the posterior teeth. The IOS casts were considerably more affected at the posterior region. On the contrary, the IOS and LS casts were more superior for single tooth accuracy followed by PVS and ALG. CONCLUSION. For whole arch accuracy, casts produced from IOS were inferior to those produced from PVS and ALG. The inferior outcome of IOS appears to be related to the span of scanning. For single tooth accuracy, IOS showed superior accuracy compared to conventional impressions.