Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7741/rjcc.2017.25.3.270

Producing the insoles for flat feet of senior men using 3D systems based on 3D scanning, 3D modeling, and 3D printing  

Oh, Seol Young (Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University)
Suh, Dongae (Dept. of Design, Myongji University)
Publication Information
The Research Journal of the Costume Culture / v.25, no.3, 2017 , pp. 270-284 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study aimed to create 3D-printed insoles for flat-footed senior men using 3D systems. 3D systems are product-manufacturing systems that use 3-dimensional technologies like 3D scanning, 3D modeling, and 3D printing. This study used a 3D scanner (NexScan2), 3D CAD programs including Rapidform, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Nauta+ compiling program, and a 3D printer. In order to create insoles for flat-footed senior men, we analyzed horizontal sections of 3D foot scans We selected 20 flat-footed and 20 normal-footed subjects. To make the 3D insole models, we sliced nine lines on the surface of the subjects' 3D foot scans, and plotted 144 points on the lines. We calculated the average of these 3D coordinates, then located this average within the 3D space of the AutoCAD program and created 3D sole models using the loft surface tools of the SolidWorks program. The sole models for flat feet differed from those of normal feet in the depth of the arch at the inner sideline and the big toe line. We placed the normal-footed sole model on a flat-footed sole model, and the combination of the two models resulted in the 3D insole for flat feet. We printed the 3D modeled insole using a 3D printer. The 3D printing material was an acrylic resin similar to rubber. This made the insole model flexible and wearable. This study utilized 3D systems to create 3D insoles for flat-footed seniors and this process can be applied to manufacture other items in the fashion industry as well.
Keywords
3D foot scan; 3D solid modeling; 3D printing; flat feet; insoles;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 7  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Park, J. Y., Kim, Y. K., Kim, M. H., Lee, S. J., Kim, M. W., & Kim, Y. C. (2009, June). Comparative analysis of 3D foot scan method and 3D laser scan method for development of custom-made insole. Proceedings of Korean Society for Precision Engineering (KSPE) 2009 Spring Conference, Jeju-do, 969-970.
2 Phits. (2016, August 24). Phits at the Rio Olympics, Retrieved March 10, 2017, http://www.phits.be/en/phits-rio-olympics
3 Phits. (n.d.a). About Phits insoles. Retrieved March 10, 2017, http://www.phits.be/en/about-phits-insoles
4 Phits. (n.d.b). Phits expert workflow-from scan to insoles. Retrieved March 10, 2017, http://www.phits.be/en/phits-expert-workflow-scan-insoles
5 Seok, H.-J., & Park, J.-E. (2007). The classification of elderly men's feet: With the three-dimensional body scanner data of Size Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 57(10), 50-59.
6 Shi, N., Yi, S., Xiong, S., & Jiang, Z. (2009, April). A CAD system for shoe last customization. Proceedings of 2009 International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization (CSO 2009), Hainan, 1, 957-960. doi:10.1109/CSO.2009.229
7 Song, S. J., & Kim, S. H. (2004). A study on surface flattening for 3 dimensional shoe pattern design. Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 9(3), 266-275.
8 Song, E. Y., Kim, K. T., Kim, S.-H., & Lee, S. Y. (2016). Individual customized insole model. The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology, 9(4), 323-329. doi:10.17661/jkiiect.2016.9.4.323
9 Xiong, S., Zhao, J., Jiang, Z., & Dong, M. (2010). A computer-aided design system for foot-feature-based shoe last customization. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 46(1), 11-19, doi:10.1007/s00170-009-2087-7   DOI
10 Benedict. (2016, September 11). Custom 3D printed insoles from Phits help athletes recover from injury. 3D Printing Applications in 3Ders.org, Retrieved February 18, 2017, from http://www.3ders.org/articles/20160911-custom-3d-printed-insoles-from-phits-help-athletes-recover-from-injury.html
11 Benedict. (2017, February 8). 3D printed insole startup Wiivv wearables looking well-heeled: $4M raised, competitor eSoles acquired. 3D Printing Applications in 3Ders.org, Retrieved February 18, 2017, from http://www.3ders.org/articles/20170208-3d-printed-insole-startup-wiivv-wearables-lookingwell-heeled-4m-raised-competitor-esoles-acquired.html
12 Butdee, S., & Tangchaidee, K. (2008). Formulation of 3D shoe sizes using scanning camera and CAD modelling. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 31(2), 449-455.
13 Choi, J. I. (2015). Development of design technique of Korean standard last for production of healthyfunctional shoes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
14 Choi, S. H. (2005). Foot shape classifying of women in Korea with 3D foot scan data. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
15 Jang, S. E. (2012). 슈즈디자인과 패턴메이킹 [Shoes design and patternmaking]. Paju: Kyomunsa.
16 Coughlin, M. J., & Kaz, A. (2009). Correlation of Harris Mats, physical exam, pictures, and radiographic measurements in adult flatfoot deformity. Foot & Ankle International, 30(7), 604-612. doi:10.3113/FAI.2009.0604   DOI
17 Flatfoot. (n.d.). In Seoul National University Hospital, Medical Information. Retrieved February 12, 2017, from http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=926772&cid=51007&categoryId=51007
18 How 3D printing impacts PUMA and Reebok. (2013, March 8). 3D Printer and 3D Printing News, Retrieved February 18, 2017, from http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130308-how-3d-printing-impacts-puma-and-reebok-in-designing-and-prototyping.html
19 Kang, H.-S. (2012). Foot deformity measurement validity: The relationship between CSI, SAI, RCSP. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
20 Kim, E.-H. (2003). The impact that the exercise influence on the foot form and footprint. Unpublished master's thesis, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
21 Kim, G. Y. (2001). A study on the shape of women's foot arches. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
22 Kim, J. H. (2015). Development of foot-measuring toolkit and modeling process for designing customized round toe midsole with 3D printing technology. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
23 Kim, K.-H. (2011). Biomechanical analysis of arch support devices on normal and low arch. Unpublished master's thesis, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea.
24 Kim, N. S. (2013). A study on foot shape and shoe sizing system for the elderly. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
25 Lee, J.-E., & Kwon, Y.-A. (2008). The classification of men's foot shape according to age. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 10(5), 644-651.
26 Kim, Y.-D. (2015). A case study on the development of insloes for seniors in preparation for aged society. Unpublished master's thesis, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Korea.
27 Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. (2012). Sizing system for shoes (KS M 6681 : 2007, 2012 confirmed). Gwacheon: Korean Agency for Technology and Standards.
28 Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. (2014). Assembly middle insole of shoes (KS G 3406 : 1994, 2014 confirmed). Gwacheon: Korean Agency for Technology and Standards.
29 Lee, J. Y. (2004). The investigation of the shoe-last size classification system for Korean adults with 3D foot-scanner. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
30 Lee, Y.-C., Lin, G., & Wang, M.-J. J. (2014). Comparing 3D foot scanning with conventional measurement methods. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 7:44. doi:10.1186/s13047-014-0044-7   DOI
31 Oh, H. K., & Kim, H. G. (2013). A study on the computerization of the shoe last manufacturing for customized handmade shoes: Focused on the data formation through a 3-Dimensional scanner. Journal of Digital Design, 13(2), 29-36.   DOI
32 Lee, Y.-J., Oh, M.-H., Kim, G.-Y., Nam, G.-W., Paek, H.-H., & Kim, J.-J. (2007). The relationship of balance and walking with prefered type of shoes in the elderly. The Journal of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia, 1(1), 30-37.
33 Leem, Y. M., Bang, H. K., & Shin, K. J. (2007). Foot classification for manufacturing of comfortable shoes. Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, 22(6), 81-86.
34 Lim, H. S. (2016). 3D printed midsole design according to the sole types of elementary school students. The Research Journal of the Costume Culture, 24(3), 315-323. doi:10.7741/rjcc.2016.24.3.315   DOI
35 Min, S. N., Cho, J. Y., Park, S. J., Subramaniyam, M., Kim, S. E., & Lee, K. S. (2016, June). 아치 에어쿠션이 장착된 기능성 인솔에 대한 인간공학적 평가 [Ergonomic evaluation of functional insole with arch air cushion]. Proceedings of Spring Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Korea and 18th Korea-Japan Joint Symposium, jejudo, 543-546.
36 Murley, G. S., Menz, H. B., & Landorf, K. B. (2009). A protocol for classifying normal-and flat-arched foot posture for research studies using clinical and radiographic measurements. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 2:22. doi:10.1186/1757-1146-2-22   DOI
37 Oh, S.-Y., Suh, D.-A., & Kim, H.-G. (2016). Last design for men's shoes using 3D foot scanner and 3D printer. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 16(2), 186-199. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2016.16.02.186   DOI
38 Park, J.-K. (2005). Classification of foot types for shoes size system of elderly women. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, 55(2), 33-44.