• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2010

Light Drawing is a photographic technique which exposures are made at night or in a darkened room usually by moving a hand-held light source[1]. Due to the limitations of equipment and environment, users having difficulty in drawing a picture in 3D space. If user take a light drawing, they need a camera that have function and darkened environment. Alternative solution is that we can make a light drawing picture by using the computer drawing tool as in Photoshop. Nevertheless, this solution will let the User lose their interest in drawing because this solution cannot synchronize between the real action of human hand motion and the electronic input devices such as mouse and keyboard. This paper proposed a digital content that can make light drawing easier. We used a digital content that will facility Light Drawing easier. We can measure the light spot position by using the stereo camera. Based on the measured position of the light spot, we reproduce light drawing in virtual space by using drawing effect method.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

In oriental medicine, it is possible to classify and treat many diseases using the pulse wave detection system. Other problems may arise. As it is a very subjective way to analyze the pulse wave. One problem of the conventional pulse wave detection system is that the arterial pulse sensor is not located correctly at the radial artery. Threrefore measurement results can differ depending on the measurement position and the measurement procedure. This is mostly due to it's sensitivity to high reproducibility. In order to solve this problem this paper proposes an algorithm to analyze the weak pulse wave symptom and strong pulse wave symptom. It uses the portable pulse wave detection system which includes a Hall Sensor. As a final result, it analyzed the weak pulse wave symptom and strong pulse wave symptom by the SPSS statistics technique. It proves that N time (notch point time) and S Amp (rise waveform size) mean values are significantly different in 95% confidence interval.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 2017

Earlier numerous studies have been done on implementation of Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD) for structural vibration control by many researchers. As per current review there is no significant study on a sloped bottom TLD. TLD's are passive devices. A TLD is a tank rigidly attached to the structure and filled partially by liquid. When fundamental linear sloshing frequency is tuned to structure's natural frequency large sloshing amplitude is expected. In this study set of experiments are conducted on flat bottom and sloped bottom TLD at beach slope $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$, for different types of structures, mass ratio, and depth ratio to investigate the overall effectiveness of TLD and specific effect of TLD parameters on structural response. This experimental study shows that a properly designed TLD reduces structural response. It is also observed that effectiveness of TLD increases with increase in mass ratio. In this experimental study an effectiveness of sloped bottom TLD with beach slope $30^{\circ}$ is investigated and compared with that of flat bottom TLD in reducing the structural response. It is observed from this study that efficiency of sloped bottom TLD in reducing the response of structure is more as compared to that of flat bottom TLD. It is shown that there is good agreement between numerical simulation of flat bottom and sloped bottom TLD and its experimental results. Also an attempt has been made to investigate the effectiveness of sloped bottom TLD with beach slope $20^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6059-6064
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cancer in Malaysia. Nevertheless, there is little information on treatment and outcomes nationally. We aimed to determine the demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of colorectal cancer patients treated at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) as part of a larger project on survival and quality of life outcomes. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 1,212 patients undergoing treatment in UMMC between January 2001 and December 2010 were reviewed. A retrospective-prospective cohort study design was used. Research tools included the National Cancer Patient Registration form. Statistical analysis included means, standard deviations (SD), proportions, chi square, t-test/ANOVA. P-value significance was set at 0.05. Results: The male: female ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age was 62.1 (SD12.4) years. Patients were predominantly Chinese (67%), then Malays (18%), Indians (13%) and others (2%). Malays were younger than Chinese and Indians (mean age 57 versus 62 versus 62 years, p<0.001). More females (56%) had colon cancers compared to males (44%) (p=0.022). Malays (57%) had more rectal cancer compared to Chinese (45%) and Indians (49%) (p=0.004). Dukes' stage data weres available in 67%, with Dukes' C and D accounting for 64%. Stage was not affected by age, gender, ethnicity or tumor site. Treatment modalities included surgery alone (40%), surgery and chemo/radiotherapy 32%, chemo and radiotherapy (8%) and others (20%). Conclusions: Significant ethnic differences in age and site distribution, if verified in population-based settings, would support implementation of preventive measures targeting those with the greatest need, at the right age.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1083-1089
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• 2015

Background: Compliance with California's smoke-free restaurant and bar policies may be more a function of social contingencies and less a function of legal contingencies. The aims of this study were: 1) to report indications of compliance with smoke-free legislation in Korean bars and restaurants in California; 2) to examine the demographic, smoking status, and acculturation factors of who smoked indoors; and 3) to report social cues in opposition to smoking among a sample of Koreans in California. Materials and Methods: Data were collected by telephone surveys administered by bilingual interviewers between 2007-2009, and included California adults of Korean descent who visited a Korean bar or restaurant in a typical month (N=2,173, 55% female). Results: 1% of restaurant-going participants smoked inside while 7% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean restaurant. Some 23% of bar-going participants smoked inside and 65% observed someone else smoke inside a Korean bar. Presence of ashtrays was related to indoor smoking in bars and restaurants. Among participants who observed smoking, a higher percentage observed someone ask a smoker to stop (17.6%) or gesture to a smoker (27.0%) inside Korean restaurants (N=169) than inside Korean bars (n=141, 17.0% observed verbal cue and 22.7% observed gesture). Participants who smoked inside were significantly younger and more acculturated than participants who did not. Less acculturated participants were significantly more to likely to be told to stop smoking. Conclusions: Ten years after implementation of ordinances, smoking appears to be common in Korean bars in California.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.232-265
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• 1998

Taiwan has experienced rapid economic growth during the past two decades. As a result, the demand for health care in Taiwan has increased rapidly. To meet the rising demand, Taiwan implemented a National Health Insurance (NHI) program on March 1, 1995. This program now covers more than 96 percent of Taiwan's citizens. Implementation of the NHI in 1995 represents fulfillment of a primary social and health policy goals of Taiwan. The goals of the NHI program is to eliminate financial barriers of health care for the citizens, to improve the quality of care. To achieve these goals, the NHI was designed on the following principles: 1. All Taiwan citizens are compul내교 joined the NHI program by law; 2. The NHI program provides comprehensive services; 3. The NHI is run by one single govt' subsidy; 5. The NHI adopt fee-for-services scheme to pay medical expenses and copayment to avoid abouse of medical services. However, the scheme did not bring in the efficient use of health care C. National Health Council, 1986 NARC, Aging in Japan, International Publication Series 1991;2 Kahana EF. Kiyak HA. Attitude and behavior of staff in facilities for the aged, 1984 Naoki I, John CC. Health polic report japan's medical care system, New England Joumal of Medicine 1995; 333(19) National Economic Research Associates, The Health CAre System in Japan, NERA, 1993. National Federation of health Insurance Societies (KEMPOREM), Health Insurance and Health Insurance Societies in Japan, 1995. Owe Ahlund, Aging and housing in sweden, Paper presented at the International Symposium, Long term Care Facility, 1993. Statisitics Jahrbuch, Statistisches Bundesamt, 1992. Stein S. Linn, MIW. and Stein EM. Patient's anticipation of stress in nursing home care, 1985. U. S. Senate Special Committee on Aging, A Report of the special Committee on Aging, Washing D. C, 1992. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1994.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.169-185
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the effect size for pulmonary function and gait capacity of treadmill exercise in stroke patients. In addition, we aimed to examine the current status of treadmill interventions and compare the effect sizes of treadmill training to provide evidence-based practice for future development and application. Methods : The meta-analysis study was conducted using research articles that applied treadmill exercise to stroke patients and were published between January 2005 and February 2020. For a systematic meta-analysis, we conducted a search using the PICOS framework and selected 25 domestic stroke- and treadmill-related studies. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program was used to calculate the effect sizes for lung function and gait capacity (6-minute walk test and 10 m walk test). As Cohen's d has a tendency to overestimate the effect size, we used Hedge's g to increase the accuracy in computing the effect size. Results : Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the total effect size of treadmill exercise was 0.535, which was statistically significant, with a medium effect size (p<0.05). The effects of treadmill exercise in stroke patients were divided into dependent variables, namely pulmonary function (0.372) and gait capacity (0.584). In addition, for gait capacity, the effect sizes were evaluated for both the 6-minute walk test (0.756) and the 10 m walk test (0.514). Conclusion : This study provides objective evidence of the effectiveness of treadmill-based gait training programs. We hope that the results of this study will help support the development and implementation of treadmill-based gait training in stroke patients. Treadmill training is expected to improve not only pulmonary function, but also the gait capacity of stroke patients. Long-term investigations on the effects of treadmill training in stroke patients are necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5131-5139
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• 2014

The subjects of this study were 415 children in the first to third grade selected from 4 primary schools. Among them, 212 children belong to the experimental group, and 203 children were in the control group. The program was provided respectively to first, third and fifth grade children for 2, 4 and 6 teaching-hours from 2013.1.1 to 2013.12.19. To measure the effects of the program, the knowledge and attitudes on/toward smoking, self-concept were used as the research tools. Before and after program-implementation, there were significant differences in knowledge of smoking, but no differences in attitudes and self-concept. A smoking prevention program for primary school children should be applied step-by-step in conjunction with the regular education curriculum. In addition, the program should aim for long-term effects rather than short-term effects.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2007

SoC which deploys software modules as well as hardware IPs on a single chip is a major revolution taking place in the implementation of a system design, and high-level synthesis is an important process of SoC design methodology. Recently, SPARK parallelizing high-level synthesis software tool has been developed. It takes a behavioral ANSI-C code as an input, schedules it using code motion and various code transformations, and then finally generates synthesizable RTL VHDL code. Although SPARK employs various loop transformation algorithms, the synthesis results generated by SPARK are not acceptable for basic signal and image processing algorithms with nested loop. In this paper we propose a SoC platform with an application-specific PLD targeting local operations which are feature of many loop algorithms used in signal and image processing, and demonstrate design process which maps behavioral specification with nested loops written in a high-level language (ANSI-C) onto 2D systolic array. Finally the derived systolic array is implemented on the proposed application-specific PLD of SoC platform.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.589-592
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• 2015

In this paper, we suggested a real-time test-bed for analyzing frequency interference between 2.4 GHz unlicensed devices, such as WiFi, Zigbee, etc. Owing to versatile programming capability of Universal Software Radio Peripheral(USRP) and $Labview^{TM}$, frequency interference environments can be easily modeled. Therefore, performance degradation effects due to various parameters of interferer and victim receiver can be analyzed intuitively. For verification, we showed a frequency interference scenario, which consists of IEEE 802.15.4 as a victim and IEEE 802.11b as a interferer. Measured Bit Error Rate(BER) results showed good agreement with theory and simulation results.