• Title/Summary/Keyword: 2D Image

Search Result 3,790, Processing Time 0.039 seconds

An Analysis of Luminance and Chromaticity on Outdoor Lighting of Historic Buildings -focused on Namdaemun and Kwanghwamun- (휘도와 색도측면에서 본 역사적 건축물의 야간경관조명 분석 -남대문과 광화문을 중심으로-)

  • 안현태;김정태
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
    • /
    • v.15 no.1
    • /
    • pp.36-43
    • /
    • 2001
  • Recently, outdoor lighting of buildings has bemIre activated in national level of Korea. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the outdoor ljghting effect of historic buildings with particular reference to two traditional gates architecture - Namdaemtul and Kwanghwamun For the purpose, luminance and chromaticity of outdoor lighting are measured. The results of the study are as follows; $\circled1$ Outdoor lighting of the historic buildings were mainly illuminated by the floodlights. In addition, up-lighting and accent lighting were locally used. $\circled2$ Basements and rooflines were specially emphasized, and they represented the night image of historical buildings. $\circled3$ Chromaticity distribution of historical building was wlute during the day. However, it was yellow dL1Jing the night due to the color and color temperature of outdoor lighting.ghting.

  • PDF

The Camera Calibration Parameters Estimation using The Projection Variations of Line Widths (선폭들의 투영변화율을 이용한 카메라 교정 파라메터 추정)

  • Jeong, Jun-Ik;Moon, Sung-Young;Rho, Do-Hwan
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 2003.07d
    • /
    • pp.2372-2374
    • /
    • 2003
  • With 3-D vision measuring, camera calibration is necessary to calculate parameters accurately. Camera calibration was developed widely in two categories. The first establishes reference points in space, and the second uses a grid type frame and statistical method. But, the former has difficulty to setup reference points and the latter has low accuracy. In this paper we present an algorithm for camera calibration using perspective ratio of the grid type frame with different line widths. It can easily estimate camera calibration parameters such as focal length, scale factor, pose, orientations, and distance. But, radial lens distortion is not modeled. The advantage of this algorithm is that it can estimate the distance of the object. Also, the proposed camera calibration method is possible estimate distance in dynamic environment such as autonomous navigation. To validate proposed method, we set up the experiments with a frame on rotator at a distance of 1,2,3,4[m] from camera and rotate the frame from -60 to 60 degrees. Both computer simulation and real data have been used to test the proposed method and very good results have been obtained. We have investigated the distance error affected by scale factor or different line widths and experimentally found an average scale factor that includes the least distance error with each image. It advances camera calibration one more step from static environments to real world such as autonomous land vehicle use.

  • PDF

Robust Blind Watermarking in Medical Images Using by Polar Transformation (의료영상에서 Polar 변환을 적용한 강인한 블라인드 워터마킹 기법)

  • 김태호;남기철;박무훈
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
    • /
    • 2004.05b
    • /
    • pp.241-246
    • /
    • 2004
  • Medical images are being managed more by PACS in general medical institutions. It is important to protect patients from being invaded their privacy related to the images. It is also necessary to confirm the ownership, the right of properity of the medical images and notice whether the data are modified. In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking against RST attacks in medical images on the PACS. The proposed scheme modifies and improves Log-Polar Mapping and Fourier Mellin Transform in order to realize and recover serious image degradation and watermark data loss caused by the conversion between cartesian coordinate and log-polar coordinate. We used the radius and theta Look Up Table to solve the realization of the Fourier Mellin Transform, and inserted a watermark into 2D-DFT magnitudes using Spread Spectrum. Experimental results shows that this method are robust to several attack.

  • PDF

Development of Curing Process for EMC Encapsulation of Ultra-thin Semiconductor Package (초박형 반도체 패키지의 EMC encapsulation을 위한 경화 공정 개발)

  • Park, Seong Yeon;On, Seung Yoon;Kim, Seong Su
    • Composites Research
    • /
    • v.34 no.1
    • /
    • pp.47-50
    • /
    • 2021
  • In this paper, the Curing process for Epoxy Molding Compound (EMC) Package was developed by comparing the performance of the EMC/Cu Bi-layer package manufactured by the conventional Hot Press process system and Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Heater process system of the surface heating system. The viscosity of EMC was measured by using a rheometer for the curing cycle of the CNT Heater. In the EMC/Cu Bi-layer Package manufactured through the two process methods by mentioned above, the voids inside the EMC was analyzed using an optical microscope. In addition, the interfacial void and warpage of the EMC/Cu Bi-layer Package were analyzed through C-Scanning Acoustic Microscope and 3D-Digital Image Correlation. According to these experimental results, it was confirmed that there was neither void in the EMC interior nor difference in the warpage at room temperature, the zero-warpage temperature and the change in warpage.

Effects of Flow Rates and CS Factors on TOF MRA using Compressed Sensing (Compressed sensing을 이용한 TOF MRA 검사에서 Flow rate와 CS factor의 변화에 따른 영향)

  • Kim, Seong-Ho;Jeong, Hyun-Keun;Yoo, Se-Jong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
    • /
    • v.15 no.3
    • /
    • pp.281-291
    • /
    • 2021
  • This study aimed to measure the quantitative changes in images according to the use of compressed sensing in expressing the slow flow rate in TOF MRA test using magnetic resonance imaging. This study set different blood flow rate sections by using auto-injector and flow phantom and compared changes in the SNR, CNR, SSIM, and RMSE measurements by different CS factors between TOF with CS and TOF without CS. One-way ANOVA was performed to test the effect on the image induced by the increase of the CS factor. The results revealed that TOF MRA with CS significantly decreased scan time without significantly affecting SNR and CNR compared to TOF MRA with CS. On the other hand, the differences in SSIM and RMSE between TOF with CS and TOF without CS increased as the CS factor increased. Therefore, it is necessary to efficiently reduce scan time by adapting the CS technique while considering the appropriate range of the CS factor. Additionally, more studies are needed to evaluate CS factors and the similarity precision of images further.

Investigation of the Potential Risk for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Migrant Workers (외국인근로자의 근골격계질환 발생가능성에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, Hyung-Duk;Rajitha Kawshalya, Mailan Arachchige Don;Nam, Ki-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
    • /
    • v.24 no.6_2
    • /
    • pp.781-786
    • /
    • 2021
  • Korean domestic workers are trend to avoid harmful and dangerous jobs calls 3D work due to the poor working conditions. Therefore, the incoming population of foreign workers is increasing to fulfill the required labor force. Mostly these foreign workers are placed in small and medium-size industries. As work that induces musculoskeletal disorders(WMSD) is equally exposed to domestic workers as well as foreign workers, this study attempted to investigate the work burdened by musculoskeletal disorders and derive improvement measures by understanding the actual conditions of the worksites of foreign workers. The result of this investigation defines that the possibility of developing musculoskeletal disorders is very high in the environment in which more than 40% of the respondents work with heavy objects and repetitive work of wrists and elbows. To prevent the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders among foreign workers, three measures were proposed. To reduce the mandatory check-up period of WMSD under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, to revise the employment permit system, and to enhance the practical help of EPS education. Safety and health management of foreign workers is becoming an essential task not only for securing a workforce but also for the national image. Personal and economic losses at the national level should be minimized through policy support such as financial support for small and medium-sized businesses in Korea and supplementation of legal systems for the protection of foreign workers.

Development of an FPGA-based Sealer Coating Inspection Vision System for Automotive Glass Assembly Automation Equipment (자동차 글라스 조립 자동화설비를 위한 FPGA기반 실러 도포검사 비전시스템 개발)

  • Ju-Young Kim;Jae-Ryul Park
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.32 no.5
    • /
    • pp.320-327
    • /
    • 2023
  • In this study, an FPGA-based sealer inspection system was developed to inspect the sealer applied to install vehicle glass on a car body. The sealer is a liquid or paste-like material that promotes adhesion such as sealing and waterproofing for mounting and assembling vehicle parts to a car body. The system installed in the existing vehicle design parts line does not detect the sealer in the glass rotation section and takes a long time to process. This study developed a line laser camera sensor and an FPGA vision signal processing module to solve this problem. The line laser camera sensor was developed such that the resolution and speed of the camera for data acquisition could be modified according to the irradiation angle of the laser. Furthermore, it was developed considering the mountability of the entire system to prevent interference with the sealer ejection machine. In addition, a vision signal processing module was developed using the Zynq-7020 FPGA chip to improve the processing speed of the algorithm that converted the profile to the sealer shape image acquired from a 2D camera and calculated the width and height of the sealer using the converted profile. The performance of the developed sealer application inspection system was verified by establishing an experimental environment identical to that of an actual automobile production line. The experimental results confirmed the performance of the sealer application inspection at a level that satisfied the requirements of automotive field standards.

A Novel, Deep Learning-Based, Automatic Photometric Analysis Software for Breast Aesthetic Scoring

  • Joseph Kyu-hyung Park;Seungchul Baek;Chan Yeong Heo;Jae Hoon Jeong;Yujin Myung
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
    • /
    • v.51 no.1
    • /
    • pp.30-35
    • /
    • 2024
  • Background Breast aesthetics evaluation often relies on subjective assessments, leading to the need for objective, automated tools. We developed the Seoul Breast Esthetic Scoring Tool (S-BEST), a photometric analysis software that utilizes a DenseNet-264 deep learning model to automatically evaluate breast landmarks and asymmetry indices. Methods S-BEST was trained on a dataset of frontal breast photographs annotated with 30 specific landmarks, divided into an 80-20 training-validation split. The software requires the distances of sternal notch to nipple or nipple-to-nipple as input and performs image preprocessing steps, including ratio correction and 8-bit normalization. Breast asymmetry indices and centimeter-based measurements are provided as the output. The accuracy of S-BEST was validated using a paired t-test and Bland-Altman plots, comparing its measurements to those obtained from physical examinations of 100 females diagnosed with breast cancer. Results S-BEST demonstrated high accuracy in automatic landmark localization, with most distances showing no statistically significant difference compared with physical measurements. However, the nipple to inframammary fold distance showed a significant bias, with a coefficient of determination ranging from 0.3787 to 0.4234 for the left and right sides, respectively. Conclusion S-BEST provides a fast, reliable, and automated approach for breast aesthetic evaluation based on 2D frontal photographs. While limited by its inability to capture volumetric attributes or multiple viewpoints, it serves as an accessible tool for both clinical and research applications.

Gamma scintigraphy in sensing drug delivery systems

  • Arif Nadaf;Umme Jiba;Arshi Chaudhary;Nazeer Hasan;Mohammad Adil;Yousuf Hussain Mohammed;Prashant Kesharwani;Gaurav Kumar jain;Farhan Jalees Ahmad
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.56 no.10
    • /
    • pp.4423-4436
    • /
    • 2024
  • The development and assessment of pharmaceutical dosage forms make considerable use of gamma-scintigraphy. Gamma scintigraphy is an imaging technique that is integrated with CT to assess and evaluate the targeting of drugs to various delivery sites, the impact of treatment, and the severity of the disease. A small number of radioisotopes were tagged with the delivery system and emitted radiation can be visualized by the gamma camera which forms a 2-D image displaying the tissue-specific distribution of radioactivity. The isotopes that are used widely include Technetium-99 m (99Tc), Iodine (131I), Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) and Gallium (Ga67), Indium (111In). This review mainly covers different applications of gamma scintigraphy for the assessment of drug targeting via different routes to different organs and their visualization by gamma scintigraphy. The review mainly focuses assessment of drug targeting in the tumor tissue, thyroid gland, brain, pulmonary pathway, skin deposition, detection of renal impairment as well as cardiac diseases, drug release from formulations, drug deposition in arthritis, drug retention in the scalp, and behavior of formulation when administered via intra-vaginal route. Various pre-clinical and clinical studies were included in the review that demonstrates the importance and future of gamma scintigraphy in sensing drug delivery.

Reevaluation of hydrogen gas dissolved cleaning solutions in single wafer megasonic cleaning

  • Kim, Hyeok-Min;Gang, Bong-Gyun;Lee, Seung-Ho;Kim, Jeong-In;Lee, Hui-Myeong;Park, Jin-Gu
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
    • /
    • 2009.11a
    • /
    • pp.34.1-34.1
    • /
    • 2009
  • 1970년대 WernerKern에 의해서 개발된 RCA 습식 세정 공정은 이후 메가소닉 기술 개발과 더불어 현재까지반도체 세정 공정에서 필수 공정으로 알려져 있다. 하지만, 반도체패턴의 고집적화 미세화에 따라 메가소닉을 기반으로 하는 세정기술은 패턴 붕괴 및 나노 입자 제거의 한계를 드러내면서 난관에 봉착하고 있으며, 특히, 기존의 Batch식에서 매엽식으로 세정 방식이 전환은 새로운 개념의 메가소닉 기술 개발을 요구하게 되었다. 메가소닉을 사용한습식 세정공정은 메가소닉에 의한 캐비테이션 효과 (Cavitation Effect)에 따른 충격파 및음압 (Acoustic Streaming)에 의한 입자제거를 주요 메커니즘으로 한다. 메가소닉 주파수와 Boundary Layer 두께는, $\delta=\surd(2v/\omega)$($\delta$=두께, v=유체속도), $\omega=2{\pi}f$ (f=주파수), 으로 표현할 수 있다. 위의 식에 따르면, 메가소닉을 이용한 세정공정에서 주파수가 높아질수록 Boundary Layer의 두께가 감소하며, 이는제거 가능한 입자의 크기가 작아짐을 의미하며, 다시말해, 1 MHz 보다 2 MHz 메가소닉 세정장비에서 미세 입자 세정에 유리함을 예상할 수 있다. 본연구에서는 매엽식 세정장비를 사용하여, 1MHz 및 2MHz 콘-타입 (Cone-Type) 메가소닉 장치를 100nm이하 세정 입자에 대한 입자 제거효율을 평가하였다. 입자 제거 효율을 평가하기 위하여, 표준 형광입자(63nm/104nm 형광입자, Duke Scientifics, USA)를각각 IPA에 분산시킨 후, 실리콘 쿠폰 웨이퍼 ($20mm{\times}20mm$)를 일정시간 동안 Dipping 한 후, 고순도 질소로 건조시켜 오염하였다. 매엽식 세정장비(Aaron, Korea)에 1MHz와 2MHz의 콘-타입메가소닉 발진기 (Durasonic, Korea)를 각각 장착하였다.입자 오염 및 세정 후 입자 개수 측정 및 오염입자의 Mapping은 형광현미경 (LV100D, Nikon, Japan)과 소프트웨어(Image-proPlus, MediaCybernetics, USA)를 사용하여 평가하였으며, Hydrophone을 사용하여 메가소닉에서 발생되는 음압의 균일도를 각 조건에서 측정하였다. 각각의 세정공정은 1MHz와 2MHz 메가소닉 발진기 각각에서 1W, 3W, 5W 파워로 1분간 처리하였으며, 매질을 초순수를 사용하였다. 104nm 형광 입자는 1MHz 와 2 MHz 메가소닉 세정기와 모든 세정 공정조건에서 약 99%의 세정효율인 반면, 63nm 형광입자의 경우는 전체적인세정 결과가 80% 대로 감소하였다. 본 연구를 통하여, 입자크기의 미세화에 따른 입자제거효율이 크게 감소 하는 것을 확인할 수 있으며, 기존 Batch식 메가소닉 대비 단시간 및 낮은 전압에서 동일 혹은높은 세정 효율을 얻었다. 다만, 1MHz와 2MHz 메가소닉에서의 세정력은 큰 차이를 관찰 할 수 없었는데, 주파수변화에 따른 세정효율 측정을 위하여 미세 입자를 사용한 추가 실험이 필요 할 것이다.

  • PDF