• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.188-191
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• 1993

The reaction between methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-di-O-mesyl-${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside (1b) and potassium superoxide resulted in hydrolysis, and gave methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside (1) as a sole product. When the reaction was performed with a vicinal dimesylate, methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-di-O-mesyl-${\alpha}$-D-altropyranoside (4b), again the hydrolysis product, methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-${\alpha}$-D-altropyranoside (4) was obtained. However, the reaction of potassium superoxide with another vicinal dimesylate, methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-di-O-mesyl-${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside (3b), nucleophilic displacement took place to afford methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-${\alpha}$-D-altropyranoside (4). Apparently different results from two trans vicinal dimesylates, 3b and 4b are explained by the transient formation of epoxides, methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-${\alpha}$-D-allopyranoside (8) and methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-${\alpha}$-D-mannopyranoside (9) by $KO_2$. The reaction between the allo epoxide 8 and $KO_2$ gave altro 4. The manno epoxide 9 also afforded altro 4 as the major product. Facile epoxide formation by the reaction of a vicinal dimesylate and superoxide was also observed with 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5,6-di-O-mesyl-${\alpha}$-D-glucofuranose: 5,6-anhydro-3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-${\beta}$-L-idofuranose was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 1986

Glyphosate and 2,4-D were introduced into the vascular systems of Robinia pseudo-acacia L. (3-5cm diameter) with a syringe-type pressure injector in May, 1985. Robinia pseudo-acacia L. were completely controlled by 3 or 6 ml of 3050ppm glyphosate per tree and 6ml of 1000ppm 2,4-D per tree. Herbicidal efficacy was more effective by 6m1 of combined solutions of 1525ppm glyphosate and 500ppm 2,4-D per tree.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2000

Background : No association between schizophrenia and dopamine D4 receptor polymorphisms have been reported. Despite these results, it is premature to exclude the association. It has been suggested that the susceptibility to develop schizophrenia could result from variation at a number loci which may interact or coact with each other. Therefore, we investigated a possible association of combinations of exon III 48bp polymorphism[D4E3] and exon I 12bp polymorphism of the DRD4 gene [D4E1] with schizophrenia. Methods : 207 unrelated Korean schizophrenic patients and 191 healthy controls were recruited. DRD4 genotype was established using the polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis consisted of ${\chi}^2$ tests for Hardy-Weinberg proportions and genotypic and allelic frequencies in the patients and control groups. Results : There were no statistically significant differences in the each polymorphisms between schizophrenics and controls. And all genotype frequencies were within Hardy-Weinberg expectations. When the combinations of the polymorphism in schizophrenia and controls were compared, however, there were significant differences at $A1A2^*2/4$ in the distributions of the combinations of D4E1 and D4E3(p<0.01). Conclusions : These findings suggest that the certain combination of D4E1 and D4E3($A1A2^*2/4$) has the protective role to a susceptibility for schizophrenia.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.151-154
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• 2013

In this paper, we will analyze embedding between Folded Hypercube and HFH. We will show Folded Hypercube $FQ_{2n}$ can be embedded into HFH($C_n,C_n$) with dilation 4, expansion $\frac{(C_n)^2}{2^{2n}}$ and HFH($C_d,C_d$) can be embedded into $FQ_{4d-2}$ with dilation O(d).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.254-260
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• 2004

Structure-activity relationship studies of allylamine type of antimycotics were carried out to evaluate the effect of naphthyl and methyl portion of naftifine. Compounds with 2,4-difluorophenyl( 2a-5a), 2,5-difluorophenyl(2b-5b), 4-ethylphenyl(2c-5c), 2-hydroxyphenyl(2d-5d) and 2-methylnaphthyl(2e-5e) instead of naphthyl group with hydrogen(3a-3e), methyl(4a-4e), and ethyl(5a-5e) in the place of methyl in naftifine were synthesized and tested their in vitro anti-fungal activity against five different fungi. Eight compounds( 3a, 4a, 5a, 3d, 4d, 4d, 5d, 3e, and 4e) showed significant anti-fungal activity against T. mentagroPhytes. (E)-N-(3-Phenyl-2-propenyl)-2- hydroxy-benzenemethaneamine( 3d) displayed moderate antifungal activity against all five different fungi.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.101-108
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• 1975

Physiological effects of 2,4-D on the growth of Chlorella ellipsoidea were investigated culturing the alage in the MN4 media containing 0. $10^{-4}/M$ and $4<\times}10^{-4}M$ 2,4-D. During 6 days culture were taken to analysis with respect to overall growth, photosynthesis, respiration and chemical composition. Results obtained from the experiment were as follows : 1) The growth of chlorella was increased at $10^{-4}M$ and decreased at $4{\times}10^{-4}M$ of 2,4-D concentrations 2) At $10^{-4}M$ pf 2,4-D cpncentration, the activity of photosynthesis enhanced relative to contro. while at $4{\times}10^{-4}M$ it was not changed. In both concentrations, however, the rate of respiration was down from the control. 3) At $10^{-4}M$ 2,4-D, the concentration of carbondrate metabolites was not changed relative to control, while significant increase in the concentrations of proteins and nucleic acids was observed. On the other hand at $4{\times}10^{-4}M$ of 2,4-D concentrations, all the metabolites including carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids were descreased. 4) It is concluded that 2,4-D at $10^{-4}M$ concentration accelerates the growth of chlorella by promoting the activities of photosynthesis and biosynthesis of proteins and nucleic acids.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1997

This study was conducted to establish mass propagation system from the tissue culture using immature embryos in Eleutherococcus senticosus. Immature embryos from seeds were removed under the microscope and placed on MS, $MSB_5\;and\;B_5$ medium containing several plant growth regulators. While the calli were well formed on media containing 2 mg/l of 2, 4-D, 2 mg/l of 2, 4-D and 0.7 mg/l of TDZ, shoot regeneration was better on MS medium with combinations of high concentrations of TDZ and low concentrations of 2, 4-D. Treatment of 2, 4-D alone was better than treatment of TDZ alone in callus induction, but plant regeneration was reversed. The results of callus formation and shoot regeneration on $MSB_5\;and\;B_5$ media were similar to those of MS media. The rate of callus formation was nearly 100% when 2, 4-D was added to $B_5$, medium on concentration of 2 mg/l or 0.7 mg/l. TDZ showed very significant effect on the formation of multiple shoots.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.585-588
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• 2003

This study attempts to develop a skeleton model to link construction schedule and 3D object for drawings in 4D system. Generally, the construction schedule and 3D object can be linked in 4D system by imported files which are made in specific S/Ws such as CAD S/W and scheduling S/W. Those methods have a difficulties for operating 4D data because extra work needs to link 4D data for each activity. This study develops a 4D model which the 4D data can be self-generated within the system. The suggested model can reduce the initial input data for new project by integrating schedule and 3D object in 4D system.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

The effect of topical application with 200,400 and 600 $\mu$g/ml 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and Naphthoxyacetic Acid (NOA) to the fifth stadium larvae of the silkworm, B. mori on fat body glycogen, protein, total lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and haemolymph trehalose and protein has been studied. The fat body glycogen significantly increased in all the groups treated with 2,4-D whereas there is no significantly change in fat body glycogen in all the groups treated with NDA. However, the haemolymph trehalose was significantly increased in all 274-D and NOA treated groups except in the groups treated with 400 and 600 $\mu$g/ml 2,4-D where the increase was not significant.The fat body protein did not show any significant change in all groups treated with 2,4-D and NOA except in the groups treated with 200 $\mu$g/ml 2,4-D where the fat body protein was significantly increased. The total lipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids of the fat body increased significantly in all the groups treated with 2,4-D and NOA when compared with those of the corresponding parameters of the carrier control.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 1990

Inactivation in soil absorption, translocation of 2, 4-D by plants vary depending upon soil environments and herbicide formulations. Experiment was conducted in a glasshouse using rectangular pots($1350cm^2$) to evaluate the growth responses of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Indian jointvetch (Aesehyrcomene indica) to two formulations of 2, 4-D. The formulations used were 40% 2, 4-D amin salt (2, 4-D/AS) and 19.7% complex of rice husk lignin and 2, 4-D (2, 4-D/LG) which were applied at 200g ai/ha. Soil environments included fertilizer levels, soil pH, organic matter contents, and soil textures, Each treatment was replicated three times. The herbicidal activity of 2.4-D increased and lasted with increased levels of fertilizer. The activity also increased and lasted with low soil pH and decreased content of organic matter. Generally 2, 4-D/LG showed higher and longer herbicidal activity than 2. 4-D/AS for both test plants under all conditions applied. However, the herbicidal activity was influenced by the formulations more than by soil textures. It was thought that 2, 4-D/AS was released in a short time and inactivated readily while 2, 4-D/LG was slowly released and gave an opportunity of absorption by plants for a long period.