• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.18-27
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• 2010

In this paper, a 1.2V 7-bit 1GSPS A/D converter with offset self-calibration is proposed. The proposed A/D converter structure is based on the folding-interpolation whose folding rate is 2, interpolation rate is 8. Further, for the purpose of improving the chip performance, an offset self-calibration circuit is used. The offset self-calibration circuit reduce the variation of the offset-voltage，due to process mismatch, parasitic resistor, and parasitic capacitance. The chip has been fabricated with a 1.2V 65nm 1-poly 6-metal CMOS technology. The effective chip area is $0.87mm^2$ and the power dissipates about 110mW at 1.2V power supply. The measured SNDR is about 39.1dB when the input frequency is 250MHz at 800MHz sampling frequency. The measured SNDR is 3dB higher than the same circuit without any calibration.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 2021

In the 2D/1D method, a global adjoint CMFD based on the generalized equivalence theory is built to synthesize the 2D radial MOC adjoint and 1D axial NEM adjoint calculation and also to accelerate the iteration convergence of 3D whole-core adjoint transport calculation. Even more important, an advanced yet accurate two-level (TL) CMFD acceleration technique is proposed, in which an equivalent one-group adjoint CMFD is established to accelerate the multi-group adjoint CMFD and then to accelerate the 3D whole-core adjoint transport calculation efficiently. Based on these method, a new code is developed to perform 3D adjoint neutron flux calculation. Then a set of VERA and C5G7 benchmark problems are chosen to verify the capability of the 3D adjoint calculations and the effectiveness of TL CMFD acceleration. The numerical results demonstrate that acceptable accuracy of 2D/1D adjoint calculations and superior acceleration of TL CMFD are achievable.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 1998

Two new triterpenoid saponins, named segetoside D and E, have been isolated from the seeds of Vaccaria segetalis. On the basis of chemical reactions and spectral data, structures of segetoside D and E have been established as: $28-O-[{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)]-[5-O-acetyl-{\alpha}-arabinofuranosyl(1{\rightarrow}3)]-[4-O-acetyl-{\beta}-D-fucopyranosyl]-quillaic\;acid-3-O-[{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)]6-O-methyl\;ester-{\beta}-D-glucuronopyranoside$ and $28-O-[{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)]-[5-O-acetyl-{\alpha}-arabinofuranosyl(1{\rightarrow}3)]-[4-O-acetyl-{\beta}-D-fucopyranosyl]-quillaic\;acid\;-3-O-[{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)]-6-O-n-butyl\;ester-{\beta}-D-glucuronopyranoside$, respectively.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2013

In the present study, to determine the effects of terminal sire strains, carcass characteristics, yields of retail cut, and meat quality of 425 pigs were examined. Terminal sires were divided into five strains (D1, D2, B1, B2, and BD) based on the countries of origin and breeds. The strains D1 and D2 showed high grade 1+ appearance ratios and strains B1, B2, and D1 showed high appearance ratios of carcass yield grade A. As for the real retail cut yields of meat, strain D1 showed large real retail cut yields of meat in shoulder, rib, fore leg, loin, belly, tenderloin and hind leg. Moisture contents were significantly higher in strain B1, and protein and fat contents were significantly higher for strain D1 than in the other strains (p<0.05). Shear force values were significantly higher for strain B1 than in the other strains (p<0.05). For meat color properties, the lightness were significantly higher in strains D1, D2, and BD, and the yellowness were significantly higher in strains D1, D2, and BD relative to the other strains (p<0.05). In sensory evaluation, drip of strains D1 and D2 were significantly lower while marbling and overall acceptability were significantly higher in the other four strains (p<0.05). Therefore, when considering the results of the present study comprehensively, using strains D1 and D2 that showed high grade 1+ appearance ratios, large real retail cut yields of belly, significantly higher lightness and sensory evaluation will be helpful to the incomes of producers and farm households.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.604-609
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• 2015

The active metabolite of vitamin D such as $1{\alpha}$,25-dihydroxyvitamin ($D_3(1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3)$ is a well-known key regulatory factor in bone metabolism. However, little is known about the potential of vitamin D as an odontogenic inducer in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin $D_3$ metabolite, $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$, on odontoblastic differentiation in HDPCs. HDPCs extracted from maxillary supernumerary incisors and third molars were directly cultured with $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ in the absence of differentiation-inducing factors. Treatment of HDPCs with $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ at a concentration of 10 nM or 100 nM significantly upregulated the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein1 (DMP1), the odontogenesis-related genes. Also, $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ enhanced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization in HDPCs. In addition, $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), whereas the ERK inhibitor U0126 ameliorated the upregulation of DSPP and DMP1 and reduced the mineralization enhanced by $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$. These results demonstrated that $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ promoted odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs via modulating ERK activation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 2024

In this paper, we define two new classes of monomial ideals I_𝑙,d and J_k,d. When d ≥ 2k + 1 and 𝑙 ≤ d - k - 1, we give the exact formulas to compute the depth and Stanley depth of quotient rings S/I^t_𝑙,d for all t ≥ 1. When d = 2k = 2𝑙, we compute the depth and Stanley depth of quotient ring S/I_𝑙,d. When d ≥ 2k, we also compute the depth and Stanley depth of quotient ring S/J_k,d.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1407-1416
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigated the effects of stocking density on growth and survival of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus in the indoor multiple tank for 12 weeks. There were six treatments(stocking densities) in this experiment, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 individuals per 10 L plastic aquarium($W41{\times}H24{\times}D11cm$, represented as D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D10, respectively). Each treatment had ten replicates. The results showed growth variation of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus decreased with the increase of stocking densities. After the end of the experiment, no significant differences(P>0.05) between D1~D5 treatment group whereas significant differences(P<0.05) between D1 and D10 treatment group. Survival rate showed D1~D10 were 90%, 90%, 100%, 95%, 94% and 72%, respectively. Especially, significant differences(P>0.05) between D1~D5 and D10 treatment group. The results indicated optimum of stocking density for sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus within five individuals per 10 L plastic aquarium($0.05individuals/m^2$).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.333-339
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• 1995

The hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3[1.25-(OH)_2D_3]$ is one of the several humoral factors that may regulate osteoblast differentiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$ on the PDL cells. Human PDL cells were prepared from the first premolar tooth extracted for the orthodontic treatment and they were incubated in the environment of $37^{\circ}C,\;5\%\;CO_2\;and\;95\%$ humidity. $[{^3}H]$-thymidine incorporation as a measure of proliferation potential and alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated at 10nM, 100nM $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$. The observed results were as follows. 1. $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$ was significantly enhanced $[{^3}H]$-thymidine incorporation at 100nM, But did not affect by 10nM. 2. $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$ was significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 day and 6 days in a dose-dependent manner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.683-689
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• 2017

Objective: The experiments were carried out to measure the effect of multivitamin, acidifier and Azolla on growth performance, profitability and lipid profiles of blood of broiler chickens to produce safe and cost effective broilers. Methods: In experiment 1, 240 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; $D_1$ (control), $D_2$ ($D_1$ with 1 mL multivitamin/liter water), $D_3$ ($D_1$ with 1 mL acidifier/liter water), $D_4$ ($D_1$ with 1 mL multivitamin and 2 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication. In experiment 2, 150 day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were fed diets; $T_1$ (control), $T_2$ (5% Azolla in the diet), $T_3$ (7% Azolla in the diet) and $T_4$ ($T_1$ with 1 mL multivitamin and 1 mL acidifier/liter water) having 3 replications in each, and 20 chicks/replication in control, and 10 chicks/replication in the remaining dietary treatment groups for 35 days. Results: In experiment 1, the highest live weight was observed in $D_4$ (p<0.05), however, feed intake was statistically similar between diets (p>0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.001) and mortality (p<0.05) were observed in $D_2$ followed by $D_4$, $D_1$, and $D_3$, respectively. There were no significant differences between diets for feed cost and net profit (p>0.05). However, evidently but not significantly, the highest net profit was obtained in $D_2$ followed by $D_4$, $D_1$, and $D_3$, respectively. In experiment 2, the highest live weight (p<0.05) and feed intake (p<0.001) were observed in $T_4$. Mortality (p<0.01), FCR (p<0.01), feed cost (p<0.05) and net profit (p<0.05) were significantly different among diets. Considering net profit, $T_2$ was the best performing dietary group followed by $T_3$, $T_1$, and $T_4$, respectively. The lowest lipid profiles were observed in $D_3$ followed by $D_1$, $D_4$, and $D_2$, respectively (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the lowest total cholesterol, TG, and the highest amount of high density lipoprotein were observed in $T_2$, followed by $T_3$, $T_1$, and $T_4$, respectively (p<0.05). Evidently but not significantly, low density lipoprotein was the highest in $T_2$ followed by $T_3$, $T_4$, and $T_1$, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, Azolla and acidifier reduced lipid profiles of broiler chickens. Considering net profit and lipid profiles, 5% Azolla may be the suitable dietary group for producing safe and profitable broilers. However, more studies are needed to confirm this study prior to suggesting using Azolla in the poultry industry.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2021

The Zhenzigou Pb-Zn deposit, one of the largest Pb-Zn deposit in the northeast of China, is located at the Qingchengzi mineral field in Jiao Liao Ji belt. The geology of this deposit consists of Archean granulite, Paleoproterozoinc migmatitic granite, Paleo-Mesoproterozoic sodic granite, Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group, Mesozoic diorite and monzoritic granite. The Zhenzigou deposit which is a strata bound SEDEX or SEDEX type deposit occurs as layer ore and vein ore in Langzishan formation and Dashiqiao formation of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group. Based on mineral petrography and paragenesis, dolomites from this deposit are classified three type (1. dolomite (D₀) as hostrock, 2. dolomite (D₁) in layer ore associated with white mica, quartz, K-feldspar, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, arsenopyrite from greenschist facies, 3. dolomite (D₂) in vein ore associated with quartz, apatite and pyrite from quartz vein). The structural formulars of dolomites are determined to be Ca_1.00-1.03Mg_0.94-0.98Fe_0.00-0.06As_0.00-0.01(CO₃)₂(D₀), Ca_0.97-1.16Mg_0.32-0.83Fe_0.10-0.50Mn_0.01-0.12Zn_0.00-0.01Pb_0.00-0.03As_0.00-0.01(CO₃)₂(D₁), Ca_1.00-1.01Mg_0.85-0.92Fe_0.06-0.11 Mn_0.01-0.03As_0.01(CO₃)₂(D₂), respectively. It means that dolomites from the Zhenzigou deposit have higher content of trace elements compared to the theoretical composition of dolomite. Feo and MnO contents of these dolomites (D₀, D₁ and D₂) contain 0.05-2.06 wt.%, 0.00-0.08 wt.% (D₀), 3.53-17.22 wt.%, 0.49-3.71 wt.% (D₁) and 2.32-3.91 wt.%, 0.43-0.95 wt.% (D₂), respectively. The dolomite (D₁) from layer ore has higher content of these trace elements (FeO, MnO, ZnO and PbO) than dolomite (D₀) from hostrock and dolomite (D₂) from quartz vein. Dolomites correspond to Ferroan dolomite (D₀ and D₂), and ankerite and Ferroan dolomite (D₁), respectively. Therefore, 1) dolomite (D₀) from hostrock is a Ferroan dolomite formed by marine evaporative lagoon environment in Paleoproterozoic Jiao Liao Ji basin. 2) Dolomite (D₁) from layer ore is a ankerite and Ferroan dolomite formed by hydrothermal metasomatism origined metamorphism (greenschist facies) associated with Paleoproterozoic intrusion. 3) Dolomte (D₂) from quartz vein is a Ferroan dolomite formed by hydrothermal fluid origined Mesozoic intrusion.