• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2008

1. Objectives and Methods It has been examined 703 papers of Sasang Constitution Society published from 1989 to 2007. Among them, the study methods have been classified focused on 332 papers related to clinical research and the method of constitution diagnosis and subjects have been researched to research the reality of the clinical research of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2. Results 1. The rest studies are the most which can not be classified by existing study method among 332 clinical studies. 2. The study of patient control group is 17 cases and the clinical experiment is one case, so highly well-grounded studies have not been performed. 3. The most method of constitution diagnosis is the constitution diagnosis by experts and by QSCC. 4. The number of constitution diagnosis method performed in the research institution is within 2. They are 254 cases(89.5%). 5. The studies which utilize more than 3 constitution methods are 22 cases and the studies that use medical rash are 7cases(31.8) 6. The 215 cases that subjects are less than 100 are the most and 100${\sim}$500 subjects are 71 cases. 500${\sim}$10000 subjects are 33 cases and more than 1000 subjects are 15 cases. 3. Conclusions Therefore, it is needed to increase the rate of highly well-grounded studies and set the standard criteria by providing constitution diagnosis guideline.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.337-345
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• 2015

Two step rapid filter system as a pre-treatment for the injected water into aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in Korea was developed to reduce physical blockage and secure the volume of the injected water. First, single rapid sand filters with three different media sizes (0.4~0.7, 0.7~1.0 and 1.0~1.4 mm) were tested. Only two sizes (0.4~0.7 and 0.7~1.0 mm) satisfied target turbidity, below 1.0 NTU. However, they showed the fast head loss. To prevent the fast head loss and secure the volume of the injected water, a rapid anthracite filter with roughing media size (2.0~3.4 mm) were installed before a single rapid sand filter. As results, both the target turbidity and reduction of head loss were achieved. It was determined that the media size for a rapid sand filter in two step rapid filter system (i.e. a rapid anthracite filter before a rapid sand filter) was 0.7~1.0 mm. In addition, the effects of coagulant doses on the removal of natural organic matter (NOM), which might cause a biological clogging, were preliminarily evaluated, and the values of $UV_{254}$, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and SUVA were interpreted.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.254-263
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• 2006

Ontology-based context models are widely used in ubiquitous computing environment because they have advantages in the acquisition of conceptual context through inferencing, context sharing, and context reusing. Among the benefits, inferencing enables context-aware applications to use conceptual contexts which cannot be acquired by sensors. However, inferencing causes processing delay and thus becomes the major obstacle to the implementation of context-aware applications. The delay becomes longer as the amount of contexts increases. In this paper, we propose a context pre-fetching method to reduce the size of contexts to be processed in a working memory in attempt to speed up inferencing. For this, we extend the query-tree method to identify contexts relevant to the queries of a context-aware application. Maintaining the pre-fetched contexts optimal in a working memory, the processing delay of inference reduces without the loss of the benefits of ontology-based context model. We apply the proposed scheme to our ubiquitous computing middleware, Active Surroundings, and demonstrate the performance enhancement by experiments.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2000

Metal matrix composites(MMCs) reinforced with hard particles have many potential application in aerospace structures, auto parts, semiconductor package, heat resistant panels, wear resistant materials and so on. In this work, the effect of SiC partioel sizes(50 and 100 ${\mu}m$) and additional elements such as Si, Cu and Ti on the microstructure and the wear property of $Al-5Mg-X(Si,Cu,Ti)/SiC_p$ composites produced by pressureless infiltration method have been investigated using optical microscopy, scanning eletron microcopy(SEM) with EDS(energy dispersive spectrometry), hardness test, X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and wear test. In present study, the sound $Al-5Mg-X(Si,Cu,Ti)/SiC_p$(50 and 100 ${\mu}m$) composites were fabricated by pressureless infiltration method. The $Al-5Mg-0.3Si-O.1Cu-O.1Ti/SiC_p$ composite with $50 {\mu}m$ size of SiC particle has higher hardness and better wear property than any other composite with $100{\mu}m$ size of SiC particle produced by pressureless infiltration method. The hardness and wear property of $Al-5Mg/SiC_p$(50 and 100 ${\mu}m$) composites were enhanced by the addition of Si, Cu and Ti in Al-5%Mg matrix alloy.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.16A no.4
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• pp.245-254
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• 2009

With the increasing adoption of embedded processors, the need of developing compilers for the embedded processors with timely manner is also growing. Retargeting has been adopted as a viable approach to constructing new compilers by modifying the back-end of an existing compiler. This paper proposes a test suite generation system for testing retargetable C compilers. The proposed system generates the test suite using the grammar coverage concept. Generally, the size of the test suite satisfying the grammar coverage of the source language is very large. Hence, the proposed system also provides the facility to reduce the size of the test suite. According to the experimental result, the reduced test suite can detect 75% of the compiler faults detected by the original test suite though the size of the reduced test suite is only 10% of that of the original test suite in average. This result indicates that the reduction technique proposed in this paper can be effectively used in the prior phase of the development procedure of the embedded compilers.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2009

The Information and Communication Technology(ICT) is applied variously by advanced development, however that also causes the ethical problem simultaneously nowadays. It is emphasized the necessity of information and communication ethics and the scheme also is suggested that the student actually may produce and use their own UCC as an educational material which relates to ethics of information and communication in this paper. By doing that activity, student could learn themselves from what they've produced. Therefore they can approach the subject with more interests, beside the method how teacher has been teaching normally which can be described as cramming. The suggestion is phased by the steps as below; First of all, adequate guidance is selected and the aim of education is established to the method of education through producing UCC by analyzing the contents system of information and communication ethics. Second, it is analyzed educational effect along media of UCC. Third, it is analyzed educational effect along the producing format of UCC. Finally, the scheme is developed that student could be learned from UCC they have created. Therefore, students could be participated by themselves more actively to the education and manage the negative effects of ICT. They also could acknowledge and determine the right ethical awareness of information and communication, and develop more advanced ethical awareness by doing this activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.250-254
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• 2005

The contents of flavonol glycosides, $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$(1), $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glactoside$ (2), $kaempferol-3-O-{\beta}-D-rhamnoside$ (3), $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ (4) and $quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-D-rhamnoside$ (5) in the houseleeks controlled by night-break, day-length control, and temperature during overwintering were determined to be compared with those in wild one. The contents of the flavonol glycosides 1-5 in the houseleeks were decreased roughly with warming during overwintering, and increased with longer light duration under the day-length control experiments. While warming functioned negatively on the production of the flavonol glycosides in the houseleek, longer light irradiation did positively during overwintering.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.245-254
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• 2008

This paper proposes a unified multi-modal input framework to interface the recognition engines such as IBM ViaVoice and Microsoft handwriting-recognition system with general window applications, particularly, for pen-input displays. As soon as user pushes a hardware button attached to the pin-input display with one hand, the current window of focus such as a internet search window and a word processor is overlaid with a transparent window covering the whole desktop; upon which user inputs handwriting with the other hand, without losing the focus of attention on working context. As well as freeform handwriting on this transparent input overlay as a sketch pad, the user can dictate some words and draw diagrams to communicate with the system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup2
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• pp.254-258
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• 2001

Objective : The terminology of degenerative disc disease lacks official standardization. Lacks of such standardization may provoke some clinical and litigation problems. The authors investigated interobserver and intraobserver variability in interpretation of lumbar disc abnormality. Methods : Magnetic resonance imaging studies of the lumbar spine performed prospectively in 50 patients, were read blindly by three doctors dealing spinal disorders, using two nomenclature. Nomenclature I was normal, bulging, protrusion, extrusion. Nomenclature II was normal, bulging, herniation without neural compression, with neural compression. Intraobserver and interobserver variation were measured statistically. Results : Interobserver agreement was 70.4-80.8% for nomenclature I, 76.2-80.2% for nomenclature II. Intraobserver agreement was 84.0-88.0% for nomenclature I, 79.2-86.8% for nomenclature II. Interobserver Kappa statistic was 0.53-0.56 for nomenclature I, 0.54-0.57 for nomenclature II. Intraobserver Kappa statistic was 0.60-0.85 for nomenclature I, 0.53-0.72 for nomenclature II. Conclusion : Experienced doctors showed only moderate interobserver agreement when interpreting disc status on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. Intraobserver agreement was superior to interbserver. The standardization of nomenclatures for lumbar disc extension beyond interspace are needed.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.250-254
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• 2021

A highly sensitive and selective non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) carbon dioxide gas sensor requires achieving high transmittance and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), which depends on the interface of the optical filter for precise measurement of carbon dioxide concentration. This paper presents the design, simulation, and fabrication of a Fabry-Perot filter based on a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for a low-cost NDIR carbon dioxide sensor. The Fabry-Perot filter consists of upper and lower DBR pairs, which comprise multilayered stacks of alternating high- and low-index thin films, and a cavity layer for the resonance of incident light. As the number of DBR pairs inside the reflector increases, the FWHM of the transmitted light becomes narrower, but the transmittance of light decreases substantially. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the relationship between the FWHM and transmittance according to the number of DBR pairs. The DBR is made of silicon and silicon dioxide by RF magnetron sputtering on a glass wafer. After the optimal conditions based on simulation results were realized, the DBR exhibited a light transmittance of 38.5% at 4.26 ㎛ and an FWHM of 158 nm. The improved results substantiate the advantages of the low-cost and minimized process compared to expensive commercial filters.