• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1980

This study was to determine the incidence of pulp stone in each tooth by means of analyzing 375 orthopantomograph taken from 375 patients (252 male), 125 female). The pictures were grouped by age, 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, and sex. The results were as follows 1. In the group of 20s, male showed the highest incidence in the first molar (40~50%) and the second highest was in the 2nd molar about 35%~50%. In the female group, the first molar and the second molar showed 25%~40%. 2. In the group of 30s, the highest value was found on the first molar and the next was the 2nd molar which appeared 30%~40% in male. In the female, the first molar was 55%~70% and the 2nd molar 30%~50% 3. In the group of 40s, the first molar represented highest value about 45%~60% and the 2nd molar was 40~60% in the male. Female group also showed in the first molar 30%~50% and the second molar 25~30%. 4. In the group of 50s, the highest incidence was 40%~60% on the first molar and next was 35%~50% on the second molar in male, in femalegroup showed 30%~50% on the first molar and 25%~50% on the second molar. 5. The incidence in upper was higher than that of lower. 6. Comparison between right and left showed right was slightly higher than left side.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to analyze body measurements, BMI and body type according to age in the male and female groups based on 3D scan body measurement data of adult men and women in their 20's~30's and to provide basic information usable in the clothing and fashion industry. For this purpose, we analyzed 3D scan body measurement data of 848 adults measured in the 6th Size Korea project and the results were as follows. First, there were differences in 3D scan body measurements according to age in the male and female groups, and in general the measurements of the height items were larger in younger adults and the measurements of the circumference, breadth and depth items were larger in older ones. Second, there were differences in 3D scan body measurements according to BMI in the male and female groups, and in general body measurements were largest in the obesity group and lowest in the underweight group. Third, BMI was different according to gender and in general BMI was higher in men and obesity and overweight were more frequent in men than in women. Moreover, BMI was significantly different according to age and was higher in the 30's than in the 20's. Fourth, the mean difference in the drop and lower drop values according to age in the male and female groups was significant, and the drop and lower drop values were lower in the 30's than in the 20's. These results are considered meaningful as data for the development of clothing size systems, patterns and grading in the areas of clothing and fashion targeting consumers in their 20's~30's.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제29권
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• pp.391-411
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• 2012

Request expressions can be defined as expressions that demand or ask the other person to do certain movements. There are direct request expressions that ask the other person to do certain movements directly and indirect request expressions that ask the other person to do certain movements by describing the speaker's condition. The study analyzed gender and hierarchy of speakers and listeners who used 'tekure' and 'tekudasai' in dialog examples of the Meiji Period and the Taisho Period. In those periods, the modern Tokyo dialect was formed and established. "Toseishoseikatagi"in Meiji 10s,"Ukigumo""Natsukodachi""Tajotakon"in Meiji 20s,"Hakai""Botchan"in Meiji 30s,"Huton""Inakakyoshi" in Meiji 40s and "Aruonna"in the Taisho Period were analyzed for the study. 'kure' was used more by male speakers than female speakers. Examples by female speakers were shown on the novels after Meji 30s. In case of male speakers, they often used it to listeners with an equitable relationship at "Toseishoseikatagi"in Meiji 10s but they often used it to younger listeners at "Hakai"in Meiji 30s. 'okure' was used more by female speakers than male speakers. Listeners were varied from older ones to younger ones. In case of female speakers, 'okure' was used more often at "Aruonna"in the Taisho Period than the other novels. In case of male speakers, 'okure' was used only at "Ukigumo""Natsukodachi"and "Hakai". 'Okurenasai' was used outstandingly by female speakers on the form of 'okun_'. In case of 'kudasai', female speakers used it more than male speakers at "Toseishoseikatagi" and "Aruonna"but male speakers used it more than female speakers at "Tajotakon"and "Hakai". Listeners were varied from older ones to younger ones. 'o~kudasai' was not shown until Meiji 20s but shown after Meiji 30s among the analyzed novels. According to gender, it was used a little bit more often by female speakers than male speakers. According to hierarchy, listeners were usually older than speakers. 'o~nasatekudasai' was used more often by male speakers than female speakers. Listeners were also usually older than speakers.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

This study aims to investigates the female collegian's the fear of crime in university campus. In order to deal with it, the questionnaire survey on the analysis of the female collegian's the fear of crime are conducted in 3 university campuses in Seoul. The results of the 228 questionnaires survey are analyzed in descriptive statistics through SPSS program. This study compares female collegian's the fear with male collegian's one. The result of this are the followings ; 1) The female have the bigger concerns than the male about the crime expected to happen to herself. 2) At night the female are limited in activity than male because of the fear of crime. 3) During day the female have the bigger fear of crime than the male in the space such as stairways and hallways, toilet, and elevator. 4) At night the female have the bigger fear of crime than the male in not only stairways and hallways, toilet, elevator but also pedestrian, green space, recreational space. 5) This study proved the correlation between the collegian's satisfaction about university campus safety and the collegian's satisfaction about university campus environments etc.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.704-711
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• 2015

We examined the effects of temperature and light intensity on gametophyte growth of Ecklonia cava Kjellman. The growth of female and male gametophytes was investigated before maturation. Gametophytes prepared from Munseom, Jeju, Korea in October 2014 were separated by sex and maintained under the following conditions: 15℃, 20 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, and a 12-h/12-h light/dark cycle. The experiments were conducted at five temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30℃) and three light intensities (5, 20, and 40 μmol·m^-2·s^-1). Daily growth rates were estimated by the increase in filamentous frond area. The optimal growth conditions for female gametophytes were 20℃ and 40 μmol·m^-2·s^-1; the optimal conditions for male gametophytes were 15℃ and 20 μmol·m^-2·s^-1. The relative growth rates (RGR) of female and male gametophytes decreased at 25℃ and 30℃, respectively. At 30℃, RGRs of gametophytes decreased by approximately 1.0% day^-1. In addition, RGRs of male gametophytes were higher than those of female gametophytes. These results indicate that female gametophytes were more sensitive to temperature and light intensity than male gametophytes. Moreover, these results suggest that E. cava growth rates could decrease as a result of global warming.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2010

There has recently been increasing male college students' interest in and expenditure on fashion apparel. Specifically, the younger generation has a tendency to take an interest in knitwear due to its potential benefits such as elasticity and flexibility. The purpose of this research is to identify male college student's knowledge and buying behavior of knitwear and to provide the related information to academicians and industrial personnel. The subjects of this research were male college students in their twenties who live in Seoul and Gyounggi areas. 450 questionnaires were randomly distributed to the 20s male students from April 20, to May 4, 2009, and 409 questionnaires were correctly received. The results are as follows: First, Male college students' interest in knitwear is not above the average. Second, they focus more on a practical value of knitwear than on an aesthetic value of knitwear. Third, when purchasing knitwear, male college students first consider design, followed by color, pattern and quality. Forth, male college students want to be shown as a neat image when they wear knitwear.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2018

The purposes of this study were to investigate the social instrumentality of appearance, appearance orientation, and cosmetics purchasing behaviors of Chinese male consumers, and to find differences in the cosmetics purchasing behaviors of the male consumer groups, which were segmented by the social instrumentality of appearance and appearance orientation. The subjects were 400 adult males in their 20s to 30s from Gillim province in China. The measurements consisted of the social instrumentality of appearance, appearance orientation, cosmetics purchasing behavior, and the subject' demographic attributes. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, $x^2$ test, multiple response analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, young Chinese male consumers had a high sense of the social instrumentality of appearance, but the tendency to invest time and effort to enhance their looks was still low. Second, on the basis of the social instrumentality of appearance and appearance orientation, young Chinese male consumers were classified into four groups (high involvement group, instrumentality group, orientation group, and low involvement group). Third, the four male consumer groups revealed many significant differences in various cosmetic purchasing behaviors (purchasing items, information sources, product selection criteria, purchasing motives, purchasing locations, store selection criteria, purchasing price, purchasing frequency, and cosmetics improvements). Therefore, the social instrumentality of appearance and appearance orientation are seen as significant variables to effectively segment the Chinese male consumer market. The cosmetics companies targeting young Chinese men need to establish differentiated marketing strategies, considering the characteristics of each segment of the consumer market.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2007

We examined the conditions for separating and preserving the male and female gametophytes of Kjellmaniella crassifolia. The highest percentage of zygote germination (85%) was on semi-solid medium composed of 1.0% transfer gel agar at $15\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ after a 4-week culture. Zygote germination in PESI liquid medium was 93.5% at $20\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$. The maximum zygote growth was $252{\pm}19.7\;{\mu}m$ on 1.0% transfer gel agar at $15\;^{\circ}C$ and $40\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ after 5-week culture, and was $76.7{\pm}2.8\;{\mu}m$ in PESI liquid medium at $20\;^{\circ}C$ and $40\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$. The respective numbers of separated male and female gametophytes from germinated zygotes were 157 and 93 on 1.0% transfer gel agar and 14 and 28 in PESI liquid medium. The maximum growth of separated male and female gametophytes was $575{\pm}28.3\;{\mu}m$ at $5\;^{\circ}C$ and $60\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ and $686{\pm}35.4\;{\mu}m$ at $20\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ in PESI liquid medium after 3 weeks, respectively. The highest percentage fertilized was $93.3{\pm}5.8%$ at $15\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ in PESI liquid medium. These results show that the best conditions for the separation and preservation of gametophytes (male and female) consisted of culturing on 1.0% transfer gel agar at $15\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2007

This research was administered in order to know the effects of heels on the foot by comparing the foot environmental characteristics when common shoes and elevated shoes are worn. First, 157 male adults in their 20s through 40s living in Busan were the inquiry subjects to reveal the shoes-wearing reality of adult males. Second, 7 male adults in their early 20s became the subjects for the experiments of wearing common shoes and elevated shoes. 1. Inquiry Results of Shoes-Wearing Reality Common-shoes wearers were in the order: 20s (43.9%) > 30s (24.8%) > 40s (8.3%). Elevated-shoes wearers were mostly 20s (12.1%), followed by 30s (8.3%) and 40s (2.5%). Among the wearing effects of elevated shoes were 'looking taller' (66.7%), 'no height complex & more confidence' (30.6%), and 'higher work efficiency' (2.8%). In sum, 97.3% of the male subjects believed in great positive effects by wearing elevated shoes. 2. Shoes-Wearing Experiment Results In foot skin temperature, significant differences between the two groups were admitted in outer foot a (p<0.05) and other areas (p<0.001), except in the instep. Elevated-shoes group had bigger skin temperature, while the order of temperature was the instep, the big toe, inner foot a/b/c and outer foot a/b/c. Significant difference was accepted in total sweat rate (p<0.05) and local sweat rate (p<0.01). Elevated-shoes group appeared higher in both rates. Significant difference (p<0.001) between the two groups was recognized in fatigue degrees after wearing, whereas significance (p<0.05) in elevated-shoes group was approved in fatigue before and after exercise. So elevated-shoes group experienced more fatigue, especially after exercise.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.913-922
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate and offer useful information on natural dyeing underwear industry through an analysis of 20's purchasing behavior and design preference between male and female. From 600 questionnaires that were distributed, 512 with usable data were coded for further statistical analysis including descriptive statistics(frequency and chi-square test), by using SPSS 12.0 and the major results were as follows. Given that a large number of 20's purchase men's underwear by their parents, and women's of their own. It was found that the underwear for men in their 20's should be developed in an attempt to place greater emphasis on improving functions as an outerwear. It is important to strengthen the design and marketing strategy specially tailored to 20's of natural dyeing underwear products.