• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.233-244
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• 1997

In order to investigate the concentration of trace metals in human hairs from residents living in urban area and rural area, the 120 hair samples of adults were taken from urban areas(industrial area, bus terminal, downtown area) and rural area(Kasan-ri, Yeoju-up, Yeoju-goon) during July - September 1995. Mean concentrations of trace metals including lead and cadmium in human hair were compared by region, sex, presence of smoker, type of water, period of residence. The results were as follows; 1. The average concentrations of lead and cadmium in hairs of urban area are $0.92{\mu}g/g$ ($1.01{\mu}g/g$ industrial area, $1.01{\mu}g/g$ bus terminal, $0.74{\mu}g/g$ downtown area), $0.38{\mu}g/g$ ($0.54{\mu}g/g$ industrial area, $0.49{\mu}g/g$ bus terminal, $0.12{\mu}g/g$ downtown area). The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in urban area are higher than the corresponding levels in the rural area. 2. Lead concentration for male in the urban and rural area is 0.94 and $0.62{\mu}g/g$, 0.90 and $0.60{\mu}g/g$ for female. But, It does not have any statistical significance. Cadmium concentration for male in the urban and rural area is 0.38 and $0.12{\mu}g/g$, 0.38 and $0.11{\mu}g/g$ for female. But It does not have any statistical significance. 3. Mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in smokers shows higher than non-smokers. It showed that the longer period of residence in urban area, the higher concentrations of three metals.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.591-598
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• 1990

Six species under the basidiomycetes were screened for extracellular tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase EC 3.1. 1.20) production in submerged culture and Lenzites betulina was found to be most effective for the production of tannase. The optimum cultural conditions for tannase production were $25^{\circ}C$, pH 6.0 and 21 days of culture period, The efficient composition of culture medium for the production of tannase was performed in synthetic medium containing tannic acid, 2g; sucrose, 5g; bacto-peptone, 2g; ,$ KH_2PO_4, \;2g,\; MgSO_4.7H_2O \;0.5g,\; CuS0_4.5H_2O$, 2 mg; thiamine HCl, 100 ug and distilled water 100 ml, The tannase produced from Lenzites bdulin*r was 223.3 unit (umole of gaUic acidiml of brothlmin). The tannase had an optimal reaction conditions ofpH 6.0 and temperature of $40^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was stable at temperature below $40^{\circ}C$ and lost its activity by 50% above $60^{\circ}C$. And the stable pH range was 5.5 to 6.0.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 1992

The s-polarized laser beam is incident with an angle ~$-30^{\circ}$ to a uniformly rotating rough metal surface and the degree of second order temporal coherence $g_{s}^{(2)}(\tau)$ of the backscattered wave, which has the same polarization with the incident laser beam, is measured. The contribution of shot noise involved in the measurement of $g_{s}^{(2)}(0)$ is subtracted from the photoelectric signal to obtain the accurate value of $g_{s}^{(2)}(0)$.At each scattering angle$\theta_{s}$에서$g_{s}^{(2)}(\tau)$ is almost consistent with the function {1+exp($-\tau^2/\tau_0^2$)}, which is the same result with the case of the laser speckle formed by scattering on the rotating ground glass suface. In addition, a peak in the angular distribution of $\tau_0$ is observed with the maximum at$\theta_s=34^{\circ}$.It is found that the rough metallic scattering with multiple scattering over than 10% has the same function of the degree of second order temporal coherence with that of the ground glass surface scattering where the multiple scattering is ignorably small.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

After making tea by steaming the Artichoke(Hellanthus tuberosus) nine times and drying them nine times, the ingredients and functions of the Artichoke tea were compared to those of M. It had 342.27kcal/100g in its own deloped Artichoke tea, 73.87g/100g of carbohydrates, 6.80g/100g of crude ash and 8.21g/100g of crude protein. The total of free sugars were 32.66mg/100, among them, fructose 17.40, sucrose 9.03 and glucose 6.05 mg/100g. The total mineral contents of the developed tea was 2,785.67mg/100g. It was 2,563.93mg/100g of potassium, 97.52mg/100g of calcium and 88.78mg/100g of magnesium. The saturated fat of Artichoke tea was 30.34mg/100g and unsaturated fat was 69.66mg/100g, among which the linoleic acid was 47.0mg/100%, palmitic acid was 25.31mg/100% and linolenic acid was 8.61mg/100g. DPPH radical scavenging was 34.2% of teas that were developed, 5.2% of M's for comparison, and 44.0% of index materials. ABTS radical scavenging was 93.0% of teas developed, 61.9% of M's tea and 47.6% of index materials, and SOD like activity was 2.7% of teas developed and 1.6% of M's tea. The flavonoid content was 2.8 fold of the tea developed, 2.0 fold of M's tea and 1.7 fold of index material. The polyphenol content was 38.2 fold, 8.92 fold of M's tea and 14.0 fold of index material. The inhibition rate for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 9.83% teas developed and 8.92% of M's. The sensory evaluation compares to the one time extract and the five time extract. Based on the one-time extract, color of tea developed was 83.7%, the M's tea was 50.0%, the flavor was 78%, M's tea was 42.5%, the delicate taste was 66.7% of teas developed and M's tea was 37.5% and the overall acceptability was 73.3% of teas developed, M's tea was 47.5%. The comparison of M's tea showed that the extract decreased as we made it, and the overall symbol level decreased to 46.3% after five time-extyracts, while that of the developed tea decreased to 73.3%. The Artichoke tea developed this way is believed to have greater antioxidant function, higher effective substance content, and a higher affinity than M's tea an index material for comparison purposes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2004

Chemical composition, total dietary fiber(TDF), oligosaccharide, isoflavone and phytic acid contents of seven domestic and three imported soybean cultivars were determined. TDF contents were ranged from 16.83 to 21.71％(w/w) without remarkable differences among soybean cultivars. Phytic acid contents of domestic cultivars such as Geomjongkong 1 (3.02％) and Dawonkong (2.92％) were higher than imported ones such as Canadian (2.07％) and American (2.22％) soybeans for soybean sprout and US No. 1 (2.16％). The phytic acid contents of cotyledon parts were 1.5 to 2 times higher than those of hypocotyl parts. Isoflavone contents in whole seed were wide ranged from 371 to 2,398 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g among cultivars and it were existed mainly as glucoside isomers. Profiles of isoflavone aglycones were composed of 52％ genistein, 36％ daidzein and 11％ glycitein. Hwanggumkong, Dawonkong, Geomjongkong 1 and American soybean for sprout contained lower isoflavone than others. Hypocotyl parts of soybeans contained from 6120.1 to 16921.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g isoflavone with ratio of 48％ glycitein, 35％ daidzein and 10％ genistein. Isoflavone contents of cotyledon parts were ranged 375-2393 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, composition of which had no glycitein, 55％ genistein and 38％ daidzein. Oligosaccharide contents were similar among cultivars. Stachyose of 3.0-3.9％, raffinose of 0.8-1.2％, sucrose of 4.5-7.8％ and fructose of 0.3-0.8％ were determined.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.419-427
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and in seawater, sediments and Mytilus edulis at Masan Bay, Onsan Bay, Daesan industrial complex and unpolluted area for the degree of contamination on the coast of Korea. The concentrations of dissolved Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in seawater the ranges of 0.29~0.79 ${\mu}g/l$, 0.03~0.08 ${\mu}g/l$, 0.19~2.01 ${\mu}g/l$ and 0.01~0.05 ${\mu}g/l$, respectively. The concentrations of Pb(p<0.001) and Zn(p<0.01) showed the significant differences between the contaminated and unpolluted area. There were the ranges of 13~55 ${\mu}g/l$, 26~101 ${\mu}g/l$, 51~263 ${\mu}g/l$ and 0.8~2.2 ${\mu}g/l$ in the concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and contaminated and unpolluted area. The concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in the Mytilus edulis showed the ranges of 0.69~2.77 ${\mu}g/l$, 0.29~1.50 ${\mu}g/l$, 13.57~52.90 ${\mu}g/l$ and 0.09~0.85 ${\mu}g/l$ respectively. These concentrations of four trace metal in Mytilus edulis were not significantly different with sites. Trace metal contents of Mytilus edulis in the contaminated site were similar to those in the unpolluted area. This is thought that metal concentration in coastal seawater were not relatively serious.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.273-280
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• 2005

Purpose: Cyclin G2 has been reported to be a negative cell-cycle regulator in various cancer tissues. However, the pattern of cyclin G2 expression in gastric cancer is relatively unknown. We investigated the expression of cyclin G2 in gastric cancer tissues and evaluated the clinical significance of its expression. Materials and Methods: Well-preserved gastric cancer tissues were consecutively obtained from 172 patients who underwent gastric cancer operations at Samsung Medical Center between November 1994 and December 1997. Cyclin G2 expression in the tissues was examined immunohistochemically, and the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance according to the expression were analyzed. Results: Of the 172 gastric cancer tissues, cyclin G2 expression was positive in 43 tissues (25.0%). According to the stage, cyclin G2 expression was lower in more advanced stages (P<0.001). Negative expression of cyclin G2 was positively correlated with more advanced depth of tumor invasion (P<0.05), presence of lymph-node metastasis (P<0.05) and presence of lymphatic invasion (P<0.05). The prognosis of the cyclin G2(+) group was significantly better than that of the cyclin G2(-) group (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that T stage, lymph-node metastasis, distant metastasis, and lymphatic invasion were independent prognostic factors, but the expression of cyclin G2 was not. Conclusion: Cyclin G2 was expressed in 25% of the gastric cancer tissues, and negative expression of cyclin G2 was associated with more advanced tumor progression. Cyclin G2 may be a negative cell-cycle regulator in gastric cancer, and further studies are necessary to elucidate its exact role in the mechanism of carcinogenesis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

Recently new soybean saponins with D DMP (2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,- dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one) moiety have been isolated from legumes. The purpose of this study is to characterize ROS scavenging activities of DDMP saponins ($\alpha$g, $\beta$g saponin) isolated from Glycine max (L.) Merrill. The scavenging activity on OH was examined in terms of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver homogenates and the same activity on $O_2$ was also determined in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Up to 0.25 mg DDMP saponins ($\alpha$g and $\beta$g saponins) did not cause any significant effects on the prevention of lipid peroxidation as compared with the control group. In terms of superoxide scavenging activities, 0.25 and 0.5 mg $\alpha$g saponin inhibits only 2.6% and 5.5% (p<0.05) of the control group, respectively. However, $\alpha$g saponin dose-dependently (p<0.01, r=0.955) inhibits the formation of superoxide radical unto 21.3% of the control group with a maximal dose of 0.5 mg (p<0.01), equivalent to 0.17 units of superoxide dismutase activity.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 1999

Purpose: We investigated the direct labeling method of antibody with $^{99m}Tc$ and $^{188}Re$ and examined the stability and function of these labeled compounds in in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Disulfide bond of nonspecific human IgG was reduced to -SH group by 2-mercaptoethanol. Stannous ion was used to reduce $^{99m}Tc$ and $^{188}Re$. The stability of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG and $^{188}Re$-IgG was estimated upto 24 hrs. Biodistribution was evaluated in abscess bearing rats at 4 and 24 hr post-injection of $^{99m}Tc$ or $^{188}Re$ labeled IgG. Results: The number of -SH group per reduced IgG molecule was 2.34. The labeling yield of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG and $^{188}Re$-IgG were 90% and 95%, respectively The stability of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG at 1, 4, 6 and 24 hr was 91%, 83%, 78%, 7% and that of $^{188}Re$-IgG at 1, 4, 16 and 24 hr was 94%, 80%, 47%, 42%, respectively. At 4 hr post-injection of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG, high uptake was found on kidney, blood, stomach and abscess ($9.42{\pm}0.68,\;1.43{\pm}0.24,\;0.86{\pm}0.18,\;0.72{\pm}0.10$ %ID/g, respectively). The uptakes at 24 hr were kidney, abscess,.itomach, and blood in descending order. In case of $^{188}Re$-lgG, high uptake at 4 hr post injection appeared on kidney, blood, abscess and stomach ($3.92{\pm}0.62,\;1.32{\pm}0.08,\;0.88{\pm}0.01,\;0.26{\pm}0.06$, respectively). The uptakes at 24 hr were kidney, abscess, blood and stomach in descending order. The abscess to blood uptake ratio of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG was 0.5 at 4 hr and 2.02 at 24 hr and that of $^{188}Re$-IgG was 0.67 and 1.29. Conclusion: $^{99m}Tc$-IgG and $^{188}Re$-IgG canbe labeled efficiently with direct labeling method. However, $^{99m}Tc$-IgG and $^{188}Re$-IgG, labeled with direct method, was unstable. Further study is needed to enhance the stability of the antibody labeling.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 1992

This study was divided into experiment 1(191 g egg-albumen plus 150g sucrose) and experiment 2(222g egg-albumen plus 150g sucrose)which were subdivided into groups treated with 0, 8.71, 17.43 and 26.149 egg yolk. These experiments were incubated in a shaking water bath($50^{\circ}C$ ) with a speed of 92(turnaround) per minute (or a period of times. The pH and specific gravity were measured after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours incubation. The results obtained were as follows ： 1. The pH and specific gravity were steadily increased by shaking time, but decreased by the amount of egg yolk. 2. In the groups treated with egg-albumen, egg yolk, and sucrose of experiments 1 and 2, PH was increased by shaking time and reached highest value at 10 hours shaking time. However, after 12 hours shaking time pH slightly decreased though not significantly. 3. In the experiment 1 and 2, specific gravity had a higher correlation with pH and the regression equation between specific gravity and pH (X) were Y＝0.1081x+0.272(r＝0.899n) and Y＝0.083X＋0.476(r＝0.825$^{* *}$), respectively.y.