Hwang, Sang Koo;Son, Yeong Woo;Choi, Jang O;Kim, Jae Ho
The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
/
v.22
no.1
/
pp.49-62
/
2013
The Dongmakgol Tuff is divided into 8 lithofacies based on their grain size and depositional structures: massive tuff breccia(TBm), welded tuff and lapilli tuff(LTw), rheomorphic tuff and lapilli tuff(LTr), massive lapilli tuff(LTm), stratified lapilli tuff(LTs), gradedly bedded lapilli tuff(LTg), crudely bedded lapilli tuff(LTb) and massive fine tuff(Tm). They can be divided into 3 pyroclastic rock group based on their constituents of the lithofacies. The lower group(LI) is composed of LTm, LTw and LTr, which are interpreted to have resulted from emplacement of voluminous pyroclastic flows due to ignimbrite-form eruption to boiling-over eruption. The middle group(LT+MI) consists of LTs, LTg and LTm associated with Tm in the lower part, and of LTm, LTw and LTr in the middle and upper parts; these suggest that started with deposition of pyroclastic surges from phreatoplinian eruption by poor eternal water, passed through emplacement of pyroclastic flows from ignimbrite-form eruption and ended with deposition of voluminous pyroclastic flows from boiling-over eruption. The upper group(lUT+uUT+UI) is composed of LTs, LTg and Tm in the lowermost, TBm, LTb, LTb and Tm in the lower part, and LTm and LTw in the middle and upper part, suggesting that began with deposition of surges from phreatoplinian eruption, passed through deposition of pumice- and ash-fallouts from plinian eruption and transformed into emplacement of pyroclastic flows due to boiling-over eruption. As result, eruptive processes in the Dongmakgol Tuff approximately began with phreatoplinian or/and plinian eruption, transformed into ignimbrite-forming eruption and proceeded into boiling-over eruption in each volcanism, but proceeded presumably without phreatoplinian or plinian eruption in the earlier stage of 1st volcanism.
In order to resolve the problem of change in global climate which is worsening as days go by and to preemptively cope with strengthened restriction on carbon emission, the government enacted 'Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth' in 2010 and selected green technology and green industry as new national growth engines. For this reason, the necessity to use the un-utilized waste heat across the whole industrial system has become an issue, and studies on and applications of recycling in the agricultural and fishery fields such as cultivation of tropical crops and flatfishes by utilizing the waste heat and thermal effluent generated by large industrial complexes including power plants are being actively carried out. In this study, we looked into the domestic and overseas examples of having utilized waste heat abandoned in the form of power plant thermal effluent, and carried out economic efficiency evaluation of sturgeon aquaculture utilizing thermal effluent of Yeongwol LNG Combined Cycle Power Plant in Gangwon-do. In this analysis, we analyzed the economic efficiency of a model business plan divided into three steps, starting from a small scale in order to minimize the investment risk and financial burden, which is then gradually expanded. The business operation period was assumed to be 10 years (2012~2021), and the NVP (Net Present Value) and economic efficiency (B/C) for the operation period (10 years) were estimated for different loan size by dividing the size of external loan by stage into 80% and 40% based on the basic statistics secured through a site survey. Through the result of analysis, we can see that reducing the size of the external loan is an important factor in securing greater economic efficiency as, while the B/C is 1.79 in the case the external loan is 80% of the total investment, it is presumed to be improved to 1.81 when the loan is 40%. As the findings of this study showed that the economic efficiency of sturgeon aquaculture utilizing thermal effluent of power plant can be secured, it is presumed that regional development project items with high added value can be derived though this, and, in addition, this study will greatly contribute to reinforcement of the capability of local governments to cope with climate change.
Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
/
v.9
no.3
/
pp.55-69
/
2001
To study the possibility of agricultural utilization of seafood processing wastewater sludges, the changes of temperature and humus, the form of organic matter and nitrogen and the germination ratio of plant during the composting were investigated. The results were summarized as follows. Temperature was rapidly increased at early stage of composting, reached to $67{\sim}76^{\circ}C$ in highest temperature at 3~5 days, and then decreased gradually fallen to $40{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ at 19 days after composting, at the point was upset firstly. The third upset was conducted at 60days after composting, and then the temperature was little changed. The contents of total organic matters in the compost for composting were down 4.5~8.0%. Ether extractable materials, resins and hemicellulose contents of the organic matters for composting were decreased with 35~77%, 32~69% and 19~30%, respectively. And cellulose, lignins and unknown materials contents in the organic matters for composting were increased a little, but water soluble polysaccharides of organic matters were little changed. Total nitrogen, amino sugar and amino acid nitrogen contents in the compost for composting were decreased with 20~42%, 11~49% and 23~65%, respectively. The contents of humic acid in the compost for composting were little changed, but contents of fulvic acid in the compost for composting were decreased gradually. Germination ratio of radish, chinese cabbage and cucumber were over 90%, when the compost produced at 30 days after composting was tested on plant germination.
To estimate and analyze an interested science and technology level in any case requires three basic informations: (1) relative positions of our technology level, (2) other relevant technology level of the world best country holding the state of the art technology, and (3) its theoretical or practical maximum level within a certain period of time. Further, additional information from analyzing its respective rate of technology changes is necessary. It seems that most previous empirical or case studies on technology level have not considered third and fourth informations seriously, and thus critically have missed important findings from a dynamic point of view on the matter. A dynamic approach considering types of development processes and paths as well as current position needs an application of a concept of technology development stages and respective growth curves. This paper proposes a new method of approach and application by implementing relatively simple types of the growth curve(S-curve) such as logistic and Comports curves and applying estimation results of these curves to ten core technologies of the growth engines for the next future generation in Korea. The study implies that Korean science and technology level in general clearly gets higher as it approaches to a recent time of period, but relative technology gap from the world best in terms of catching-up period does not get better or narrower in case of at least part of the concerned technologies such as bio new drugs and human organs, and intelligence robots. The possibility does exist that some of our concerned technologies shooting for the next future generation may not come to the world highest level in the near future. The purpose of this study is to propose possibilities of catching-up, if any, by estimating its relevant type of growth pattern by way of measuring and analyzing technology level and by analyzing the technology development process through a position analysis. At this stage this study tries to introduce a new theoretical approach of estimating technology level and its application to existing case study results(data) from Korea Institute of Science and Technology Planning and Evaluation(KISTEP) and Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Evaluation and Planing(ITEP), for years of 2004 and 2006 respectively. The study has some limitations in terms of accuracy of measuring(estimating) a relevant growth curve to a particular technology, feasibility of applying estimated results, accessing and analyzing panel experts opinions. Hence, it is recommended that further study would follow soon enough to verify practical applicability and possible expansion of the study results.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.15
no.1
/
pp.27-38
/
1986
This experiment was conducted to observe the changes of $CO_2$ production, firmness and lipid components of tomato fruits at the temperature of $15^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$ each. The phenomenon of climacteric rise appeared first at $25^{\circ}C$. The firmness of tomato fruits during storage were decreased rapidly under $25^{\circ}C$ but slowly under $15^{\circ}C$. The total lipid contents of tomato fruits were decreased under $15^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ until the middle stage of storage but were increased rapidly at $15^{\circ}C$ from 30 to 40 days in storage. Various changes were not observed at the neutral lipid contents of tomato fruits. But. glycolipid and phospholipid contents were increased. The results which were observed the composite fatty acid of each lipid components were a lot of palmitic acid as a saturated fatty acid and linoleic acid. linolenic acid and oleic acid as an unsaturaturad fatty acid at the all fractions which were neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid. The ratios of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid of tomato fruits during storage were generally increased at the fraction of neutral lipid. tended to decrease at the fraction of glycolipid and were almost constant at the fraction of phospholipid.
This study proposes a real-time rendering algorithm for lighting when each of more than 100,000 moving particles exists as a light source. Two 3D textures are used to dynamically determine the range of influence of each light, and the first 3D texture has light color and the second 3D texture has light direction information. Each frame goes through two steps. The first step is to update the particle information required for 3D texture initialization and rendering based on the Compute shader. Convert the particle position to the sampling coordinates of the 3D texture, and based on this coordinate, update the colour sum of the particle lights affecting the corresponding voxels for the first 3D texture and the sum of the directional vectors from the corresponding voxels to the particle lights for the second 3D texture. The second stage operates on a general rendering pipeline. Based on the polygon world position to be rendered first, the exact sampling coordinates of the 3D texture updated in the first step are calculated. Since the sample coordinates correspond 1:1 to the size of the 3D texture and the size of the game world, use the world coordinates of the pixel as the sampling coordinates. Lighting process is carried out based on the color of the sampled pixel and the direction vector of the light. The 3D texture corresponds 1:1 to the actual game world and assumes a minimum unit of 1m, but in areas smaller than 1m, problems such as stairs caused by resolution restrictions occur. Interpolation and super sampling are performed during texture sampling to improve these problems. Measurements of the time taken to render a frame showed that 146 ms was spent on the forward lighting pipeline, 46 ms on the defered lighting pipeline when the number of particles was 262144, and 214 ms on the forward lighting pipeline and 104 ms on the deferred lighting pipeline when the number of particle lights was 1,024766.
Lee, Jun Hee;Lee, Jung Wook;Jung, Kyung Sik;Kim, Ki Uk;Lee, Tae Kun;Lee, Kyung Woo;Na, Min-Ah;Jeon, Doo Soo;Choi, Young Min;Kim, Yun Seong;Lee, Min Ki;Park, Soon Kew
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
/
v.55
no.4
/
pp.378-387
/
2003
Background : Promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes is one of the key epigenetic changes in many human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the promoter methylation status of the Death-associated protein(DAP) kinase gene, which played an important role in lung cancer, in the serum DNA of primary lung cancer patients. Methods : This study investigated the aberrant methylation of DAP kinase in the serum of 65 primary lung cancer patients by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results : Methylation in the serum was detected in 29 of 65(44.6%) for DAP kinase. There was no statistical association between methylation of DAP kinase and age, smoking history, histologic type, or stage. Methylation of DAP kinase was found more frequently in men (p=0.044). Conclusions : This study suggests that the aberrant methylation of the DAP kinase promoter is readily detectable in the serum DNA of lung cancer patients using MSP analysis.
Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
/
v.40
no.9
/
pp.852-858
/
2016
To safeguard the accommodation spaces on cargo ships from fire, structural fire protection provisions introduced by SOLAS and these measures retard the propagation of flames and smoke. SOLAS also specifies provisions for fire fighting drills. These provisions are a combination of regulations regarding structure and equipment and those dealing with the human element for the fire protection and effective responses in the event of fire. Requirements related to the human element play a supporting role to the requirements for structure and equipment because the present accommodation structure and equipment are insufficient for extinguishing a fire, therefore, fire-extinguishing activity performed by crew members is essential. To reduce human error and ensure effective fire fighting, it is necessary to install a fire-fighting system and improve the fire fighting process. The fundamental concept of fire fighting exercises is to commence fire fighting before the fire grows too big to extinguish. It is essential to relocate the storage place of fire fighting equipment to expedite the fire-fighting exercise. This study was carried out to reduce human risk for this purpose, the fire control station was relocated to a site that could be accessed from the open deck. Further, two sets of a fire fighter's outfit were stored at the same site. This relocation eliminated the risk of the crew reentering to operate the fire fighting system in the fire control station and allowed the crew to pick up the fire fighters' outfits quickly in the event of a fire. In addition, it was proposed that the IIC method be made mandatory. This method is combination of automatic fire detection system and sprinkler system which can reduce the risk of the fire fighting exercises for the crew and to suppress fire in the initial stage. This study was carried out to provide a foundation to the possible amendment of the relevant SOLAS regulations and national legislation.
Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
/
v.31
no.2
s.51
/
pp.169-177
/
2005
The propensity to purchase babies' cosmetics is investigated and analysed for this research. The synopsis of this research paper is as follows. The first, the $68\%$ of all respondents do not how a manufacturer or brand name in the reality of variously emerging domestic and import cosmetics for babies. The second, in case of a child haying a fair, sensitive skin or atopy (atopic dermatitis), the respondents are careful in choosing babies cosmetics but in case of a child having a normal skin the older a child grows from a stage of a new-born, a baby and an infant to a primary-school child, the older its mother is, the more respondents use adults' cosmetics in common rather than use cosmetics only for babies. $7.6\%$ of respondents do not use babies' cosmetirs at ail. Especially, in using bathing goods such as a shampoo or a body cleanser, they frequently use adults' cosmetics in common. The third, the qualify is taken into the utmost consideration in purchasing babies' cosmetics. The Quality of imports is trusted and preferred better than that of domestic goods. The cost of purchasing babies cosmetics is less than 10,000 Won. consumers recognize that the price or cosmetics is rather high. The last, the improvement or babies cosmetics is 'the safety of goods', answered by $56.5\%$ of respondents. The respondents are generally not satisfied with babies' cosmetics. So, a baby's skin is threatened by a newly-built house syndrome, the increase of atopic dermatitis, etc., caused by an environmental pollutions, a change of diet and a change of residential life. Under these actual conditions, babies' cosmetics which can protect a delicate and sensitive skin of a baby should be developed immediately. Consumers should have a correct choice with precise recognition and information on a baby's skin and cosmetics and continually use the efficacious and excellent babies' cosmetics to prevent a baby from a skin irritation, and need to show a keen interest in a healthy skin of a baby.
Background: Inactivation of retinoblastoma gene (Rb) has been observed in a variety of human cancers. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of Rb which is a common mode of allelic inactivation of Rb, has been known as a frequent genetic event in small cell lung cancer but it has been detected less frequently in non-small cell lung cancer. To define the role of Rb deletion in lung cancer, we investigated the genomic DNAs of 43 non-small cell lung cancers and 1 small cell lung cancer paired with normal lung tissues obtained by thoracotomy. Methods: The genomic DNAs were obtained by the digestion with proteinase K followed by phenol-chloroform extraction method. The genomic DNAs were digested by restriction endonuclease (EcoRI), separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to nylon membrane by Southern blot transfer and then hybridized with labelled Rb 1 probe which contains. 1.4 kb sized DNA sequence containing N-terminal portion of Rb. Results: In 26 squamous cell lung cancers, 16 cases were informative after EcoRI digestion and LOH of Rb was found in 10 cases (62.5%). In 17 adenocarcinomas of lung, 11 cases were informative and LOH of Rb was found in five cases (45.4%). The analysis of clinical parameters revealed no significant differences between the two groups with or without LOH of Rb in the aspects of age, sex, degree of differentiation, stage and smoking amount. Conclusions: These results suggest that Rb inactivation is also significantly involved in the molecular pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.