• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2008

The six phenolic compounds isolated from the root of Dipsacus asper, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (2), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), methyl 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (4), 4-5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), methyl 4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (6) were continuously evaluated for their antioxidant activity using superoxide radical scavenging and AAPH-mediated (LDL) oxidation assay. The results demonstrated that compounds 1 - 6 had remarkable antioxidant activities with the $IC_50$ values ranging from 12.0 to $2.8{\mu}M$ in superoxide radical scavenging. They also inhibited AAPH-mediated low-density lipoprotein LDL oxidation by the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with $IC_50$ ranging from 6.7 to $8.7{\mu}M$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 1999

Effects of the enhanced level of L-ascorbic acid (AA) on the water deficit-induced oxidative damage were studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. The seedlings sprayed with 20 to 80 mM L-galactono-${\gamma}$-lactone (GL), a putative precursor of AA, showed 2 to 5-fold higher levels of AA compared with controls. Pretreatment of the seedlings with GL prior to water stress imposition caused virtually no effect on dehydration of tissues during water deficit but substantially mitigated oxidative injury, as accessed by 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, chlorophylls and ${\beta}$-carotene. Proline accumulation during water stress was also significantly lowered in the treated seedlings. In a complementary experiment, AA retarded photodegradation of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in isolated thylakoids far more efficiently than glutathione. GL in itself did not show any noticeable reactivity toward ${\alpha}$-tocopheroxyl radical. The results demonstrate the antioxidative function of AA in rice seedlings encountering water-limited environments, suggesting a critical role of AA as a defense against oxidative stress in plants.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.395-402
• /
• 2009

Insulin appears to play a role in brain physiology, and disturbances of cerebral insulin signalling and glucose homeostasis are implicated in brain pathology. The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of insulin under conditions of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in C6 glial cells. Insulin at concentration of $10^{-7}$ M could prevent 12 h $H_2O_2$-induced cell death. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly scavenged by insulin pre-treatment in C6 glial cells after $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress. Insulin significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt in the cells and the activation of Akt was maintained in response to insulin under $H_2O_2$ incubation for 12 h. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that insulin acts as a free radical scavenger and stimulating Akt activity. These data suggest that insulin may be effective in degenerative diseases with oxidative stress.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.636-649
• /
• 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter cultures: Pediococcus pentosaceus (KC-13100) (PP), Lactobacillus plantarum (KCTC-21004) (LP1), and L. plantarum (KCTC-13093) (LP2) on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, and sensory quality of dry fermented sausages after 21 days of drying and ripening period. Treatments added with PP and LP2 strains showed a significant higher (p<0.05) LAB and total plat counts, and water activity (a_w) of all three treatments was below 0.85 after the completion of the ripening process. A significant variation (p<0.05) in pH values of treatments was exhibited due to the difference in acidification capacity of the LAB strains: LP2PP>LP2. Substantial variations (p<0.05) in shear force values were detected amongst three batches (LP2>LP1>PP). In sensory attributes, PP treated samples had significantly higher (p<0.05) color and overall acceptability scores. The current findings proved how important the optimal assortment of starter culture. Inoculation with PP produced importantly beneficial effects on sensory quality improvement of dry fermented sausage.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 2006

The essential oil (EC-oil) obtained from the buds of Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae) was examined for its free radical-scavenging activity, cytotoxicity, and in vivo toxicity. To find the xenobiotic properties of EC-oil, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were measured. It was found that EC-oil displayed xenobiotic properties like bromobenzene. The cytotoxicities of eugenol and of the EC-oil were greatly attenuated by the sulfhydryl-containing N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suggesting that eugenol was susceptible to nucleophilic sulfhydryl. In addition, eugenol also showed potent free radical-scavenging activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Moreover, methyleugenol considerably exhibited less cytotoxicity and less potent free radical-scavenging activity than eugenol, and the cell viability of the methyleugenol was more increased with NAC treatment than the eugenol. These results indicate that the phenolic OH in eugenol may play a crucial role in both cytotoxicity and free radical-scavenging activity. The fashion on oxidative stress and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities of eugenol resembled those of bromobenznene.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.100-103
• /
• 2004

The plant Indigofera aspalathoides are used by a large number of tribes in India for the treatment of various hepatic disorder. The methanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (MEIA) was evaluated for its effect on carbontetrachloride $(CCl_{4})$ induced liver damage. Biochemical parameters such as serum glutamine oxaloacetate trasaminase (SGOT), serum glutamine pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum protein (TP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBRS) and glutathione content of the liver were estimated to assess liver function and metabolism. Biochemical observations suggest that methanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (MEIA) significantly restored the liver function and metabolism towards normal condition in $CCl_{4}$-induced hepatic damage.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.961-974
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the effects of mustard seed extracts on physicochemical and storage characteristics of dry-aged pork loin ham during the aging period. In experiment 1, antioxidant activity was assessed for mustard seed extracted with varying ethanol concentrations and the results showed high antioxidant activity at 25%, 50%, and 75% ethanol concentrations. In experiment 2, pork loin was treated with mustard seed extracts obtained using different ethanol concentrations: not treated (control), 25% (MS25), 50% (MS50), and 75% (MS75). Physicochemical and storage characteristics of pork loin ham were measured in wk 0, 2, 4, and 6. The pH, a_w, CIE b^*, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and volatile basic nitrogen values were lower in treated samples compared to the control (p<0.05). In conclusion, applying mustard seed extracts, particularly MS75, in the dry-aged pork loin ham production process could enhance storage stability and improve color attributes without having negative impacts on product quality.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.150-154
• /
• 2008

Twenty five albino rats were divided into five groups for conducting this experiment. The first group was for positive control (Vitamin C, ascorbic acid), the second group was of Panax ginseng (10 mg/kg body weight) treated group after bio-activity assay, the third group was of mercuric chloride treated group (0.033 mg/kg body weight) based on calculating $LD_{50}$ 9.26 mg/kg body weight by probit analysis, the fourth group was of mercuric chloride (0.033 mg/kg body weight) followed by Panax ginseng (10 mg/kg body weight) and the fifth group was Panax ginseng (10 mg/kg body weight) followed by mercuric chloride (0.033 mg/kg body weight) treated group. The interval between intake of Panax ginseng and mercuric chloride was of 2 hours in groups, fourth and fifth respectively. Comparative free radical scavenging property of Panax ginseng was studied under three in vitro models (role model for calculating scavenging activity) viz. DPPH method (hydroxyl free radicals), Nitric oxide method (nitrile free radicals) and Lipid peroxidation (mercury free radicals).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.66 no.2
• /
• pp.412-424
• /
• 2024

Lairage, a part of the animal welfare practices, has been known to mitigate pre-slaughter stress in animals. However, research investigating the relationship between lairage and pork meat quality remains scarce. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the physicochemical quality and storage stability of pork from pigs subjected to immediate slaughter (CON) and those provided with a 24 h lairage before slaughter (LRG) over a 7-day storage period. The loins from 20 castrated pigs in each group, respectively, were collected at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days and used for analysis of meat quality and storage stability, including pH, meat color, moisture, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, antioxidant activity, and electrical resistance. Overall, there were no significant differences in physicochemical meat quality parameters between CON and LRG groups. Similarly, no differences were observed in the storage stability of pork including 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and electrical resistance. However, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in LRG compared to CON. In conclusion, 24 h lairage for castrated pigs had limited impact on meat quality and storage stability but led to an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid proportion.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.265-273
• /
• 2012

The effects of processing and frozen storage conditions on the quality of anchovy Engraulis japonica fried surimi gels were investigated. Protein content decreased after surimi gel processing from 19.6% (raw meat) to 12.1% (kamaboko) due to the added ingredients and change in water content. Lipid content decreased from 2.8% (raw meat) to 1.3% in minced and 0.5% in surimi, but fried kamaboko showed a 6.9 % lipid level. Thiobarbituric acid values and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were highest in kamaboko samples, 89.5 and 1.9 mg/g solid, and increased gradually with storage time to 101.8 and 4.6 mg/g solid, respectively. In vitro protein digestibility increased from 79.2% in raw anchovy to 88.5% in kamaboko samples. Levels of trypsin inhibitor decreased gradually with processing and during storage time from 2.43 in raw anchovy to 0.31 mg/g solid in the kamaboko sample after 60 days of frozen storage. No noticeable changes in total essential amino acid was observed during processing conditions. Computed protein efficiency ratio for kamaboko was highest (2.59) compared with whole anchovy (1.96), minced (1.94) and surimi (2.50). Fresh fried anchovy kamaboko showed similar values of hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness to commercial surimi gel, but a higher values were seen for fracturability and adhesiveness, and lower values for cohesiveness and resilience. The frozen and thawed anchovy kamaboko showed higher values for all of these rheological parameters compared with fresh and commercial kamaboko. Anchovy kamaboko showed the lowest lightness (62.9) and redness (0.16) and similar yellowness (11.9) compared with commercial kamaboko. Frozen storage and vacuum packaging were effective maintaining the shelf life of anchovy kamaboko within 30 days, but were not effective after 45 days due to fat oxidation.