• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.225-233
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• 1996

From August 1992 to July 1996, 63 consecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. The mean age of these patient was 57 years(range form 30 to 71years). There were 44 men and 19 women. Preoperative 12 patients had stable angina pectoris and 23 patients were unstable angina pectoris. 8 patients had previous myocardial infarctation history and emergency or urgent myocardial revascularization were performed in 9 cases. In the risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis, 25 patients(40%) were hypercholesterolemia, 38 patients(60%) have smoking history and 19 patients(30%) have hypertension history. In the patterns of disease, 9 patients were single vessel disease, 18 patients were two vessele disease and 33 patients were three vessel disease. We performed total 284 distal anastomosis(mean 3.5 anastomosis per patient) and performed one case of ascending aorta graft interposition, two cases of mitral valve replacement, one case of aortic valve replacement, one case of ventricular septal defect repair and one case of atrial septal defect repair and the mean aortic cross clamp time was 115.3 minutes. The common complications were arrhythmia(7cases), wound infection(5cases), perioperative myocardial infarction(4cases), reoperation for bleeding control(4cases) and stroke(4cases). There were six hospital deaths due to low cardiac output syndrome, ventricular arrhythmia and respiratory failure. In the evaluation of operative risk factors, preoperative intravenous nitroglycerin requirement and prolonged aortic cross clamp tirne(>2hours) were found to be predective factor of morbidity and old age(>65years) was found to be predective factor of mortality.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.711-725
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of knee flexor isokinetic training on the mean peak torque of knee muscles and hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio(H/Q ratio) in hemiplegia able to walk independently for more than 10 meters, to analyze the effect of torque increasing on functional aspects; fatigability and ambulation times, also. Forty-one adult subjects with hemiplegia secondary to a stroke partipated in this study. All participants were in/out patients at the College of Medicine, Pocheon CHA University, Pundang CHA General Hospital. The patients were allocated to two groups: one group exclusively for isokinetic maximal voluntary knee flexor training at $150^{\circ}$/sec(n=20) and the other exclusively for isokinetic maximal voluntary knee flexor training from $30^{\circ}$/sec to $150^{\circ}$/sec (n=21) gradually. The allocation was performed according to patient age, sex, affected side to minimize imbalance between the two training groups. Training was carried out from February 14th, 2000 to April 15th, 2000. Analysis of the data was done by means of t-test, x2-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean peak torque of knee muscles and relative decreases in knee extensor mean peak torque with increased knee flexor velocities before training (P<.05). 2.There was no significant differences between the two groups in the H/Q ratio, and no relative increases with increased knee flexor velocities before training. 3. there were significant changes in mean peak torque in group A after training(P<.05), but no significant differences as the velocity increased 4.there were significant changes in mean peak torque in group B after training(P<.05), but no significant differences as the velocity increased 5.there were no significant differences between the two groups, and no significant differences in mean peak torque increase rate between the groups with increased knee flexor velocities after training 6.H/Q ratio increased with increased knee flexor velocities between the two groups, but not statistically And there was no significant differences between the groups with increased knee flexor velocities 7.After training, Ambulation time and its decreasing rate decreased significantly in group B (P<.05) 8Before and after training, there was no significant differences between the groups in the fatiguability 9. In the multiple regression analysis, mean peak torque increase rate of the knee extensor and flexor were higher in group B than A(P<.05), and significantly higher with increased knee flexor velocities (P<.05) Also, training method influenced on Ambulation times decreases significantly(P<.05). Results indicated that knee flexor isokinetic training was effective to knee extensor and flexor mean peak torque increase in the hemiplegia able to walk independently for more than 10 meters. Therefore, we were able to conclude that gradual training from low to high velocity was more effective in the increase of mean peak torque of knee joint and decrease of Ambulation times than training only at high velocity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.706-716
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• 2005

High blood pressure is an important determinant of the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Recommendations for control of high blood pressure emphasize lifestyle modification, including weight control, reduced sodium intake, increased physical activity. Subjects who were normotensive (n=19, $47.2\pm9.0$ y, BP l16/81 mmHg) ,treatment hypertensive (n=33, $54.2\pm6.9$ y, BP 132/85 mmHg) and non-treatment hypertensive (n=14, $50.1\pm11.0$ y, 149/94 mmHg) recruited. Anthropometric assessment (height weight waist circumference, hip circumference, fat$\%$, fat mass, and lean body mass) and dietary assessments (using 3-days food records, daily nutrient intakes were inuysed by CAN PRO 2.0 were carried out. Blood and 24-hour urine were collected). Test of recognition for salt taste threshold were performed. In non-treatment hypertensive male subjects, weight, $\%$IBW, BMI, and waist circumference were significantly higher than those of normotensive and treatment hypertensive subjects (p<0.05) .Food habits were not significantly different among the three groups. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B,, and vitamin B, were significantly higher in normotensive group (p<0.05). Intakes of sodium and salt taste recognition threshold were the highest in normotensive group and the lowest in treatment hypertensive group (p<0.05). Blood levels of lipids and minerals were not significantly different among the three groups. Urinary calcium level of normotensive group were significantly higher than that of treatment hypertensive and non-treatment hypertensive groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that continuous management of hypertension by drug and non-drug treatment affects salt taste recognition threshold and reduced the consumption of sodium. However, dietary sodium intake exceed recommended sodium intake to prevent and treat hypertension. It is necessary to develop the lifestyle modification program that may have beneficial effects on hypertension treatment.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.3
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• pp.86-97
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• 1996

The traditonal inpatient acute hospital setting is organized primarily for the intensive management of disease, but not well-suited for continuity of care for the chronically ill patients after being discharged from hospital. For the planning of the continuity of care, firstly, it is necessary to assess the home care needs of the discharged pateints in the context of the nursing diagnosis. Therefore, this study is designed to identify the home nursing care need trajectory of the patients with chronic illness after discharged from one of the the General Hospitals in Seoul, Korea. The subjects are the patients with chronic illness such as stroke, musculoskeletal disease, hypertension, cancer etc., in average age of 52. 2 years old. The findings of this study are as follows : 1) The limitaion of ADL has been constantly facing to the subjects and has not been changed 4 weeks after being discharged. And the sense of with-drawal was getting worse at 4th weeks than the 1st week after being discharged. 2) The lists of the patient's problems are the impairment of mobility, elimination pattern, inactivity, impairment of skin integrity, ineffective airway clearance, and potential anxiety, self concept deficit, ineffective family coing, etc. Those problems were diminished in quantity at the first week after discharged, but at the 4th week, those problems were getting worse. 3) The need of specialized nursing care such as tube feeding, ostomy care, $O_2$ inhalation, IV therapy, teaching and exercise are considered as the most consisting problems facing to the subjects. 4) In general, the chronically ill patients and their caregivers have not been adapted well even at the 4th weeks after being discharged. 5) Considering those findings, the basic care for patients should be given and the trainging for process of the adaptation after discharged should be encouraged prior being discharged from hostital. For this suggestion, the systematic discharge planning should be carried and the hospital based home nursing model should be implemented at the general hospital for the chronically ill patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.301-317
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• 1998

A clinical analysis was carried out for 32 patients who were treated in Dept. of Dong-shin Oriental Medicine Hospital from 10st January to 16st May in 1998 and ruled out as dememtia. The results were summarized as follows. 1. In the distribution of sex, female was more than male. And the age of seventies(17 cases, 53.125%) was highest in the frequency of age. 2. In the distribution of having history of drinking and smoking were each 4 cases(12.5%) and 7 cases(21.875%). 3. In the distribution of seasons, the ratio of spring and winter were each 16 cases(50.0%), 15 cases(46.875%), that of summer and fall were comparatively low. 4. In the period from onset to admission, the period within a week had 20 cases(62.5%) as top, and the most period of treatment was 2 and 3 weeks(28.125%). 5. The number of cases that had preceding disease was 35 cases(71.875%), a major portion of preceding diseases were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke. 6. The most common symptom was disorientation(78.125%), and the next common symptom was motor desability(71.875%), and memory disturbance, verbal disturbance was each 59.375 and 47.1%. 7. In the distribution of the CT scan films, 15 cases(46.875%) showed cerebral infarction and that of another 5cases (15.625%) showed cerebral hemorrhage, that of another 2 cases(6.25%) showed brain atrophy. 8. In the lipid density of blood, T-Cholesterol, TG, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL- Cholesterol was within normal limit. 9. In the MMSE-K, the most score was from 16 point to 20 point, and second only was from 11 point to 15 point, and the next was from 6 point to 10 point. 10. In the Ischemic score, 20 cases(62.5%) was diagnosed as brain vascular type dementia, and mixed type dementia was 9 cases(28.125%), Alzheimer type dementia was 3 cases(9.375%). 11. The most used recipes were a sort of recipes to activate of flow the vital energy and the blood, to remove the phlegm(41 cases 33.9%), especially DODAMHOALHEL TANG (12 cases, 9.9%), ANSINCHUNGNOITANG (8 case, 6.6%) was the most used recipe. 12. In the judgement of efficacy, 17 cases(53.125%) showed excellent efficacy, 10 cases(31.25%) showed good efficacy, 5 cases(15.625%) showed no change and that according to MMSE-K, 4 case(18.18%) showed excellent efficacy, 15 cases(68.18%) showed good efficacy, 15 cases(68.18%) showed no change.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.929-933
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• 2012

This study was done to examine the prognosis according to onset and duration of treatment in acute ischemic cerebral infarction patients. We analysed NIHSS(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score of acute ischemic cerebral infarction patients who visited department of Internal Korean Medicine, one medical center in Busan from January to December 2009. We divided patients into two groups by the initial time of treatment. Group A is admitted within 7 days, Group B is admitted from 7 to 14 days. We used NIHSS for functional recovery after 3 weeks later from admission day, and analyzed prognostic factor by analysis of covariance. All patients showed statistically significant improvement after 1week, 2weeks, 3weeks from admission, and between 1st week and 2nd week. However, there was no significant difference between 2nd week and 3rd week. NIHSS recovery score after 3weeks were analysed according to the timing of treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups. The percentage of aggravated patients showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. This study suggests that earlier admission care has an effect on functional recovery of patients with acute ischemic cerebral infarction. Further research on the large scale and long-term follow up is required.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2007

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a disorder characterized by the repetitive collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep, which leads to oxygen desaturation, sleep fragmentation, daytime sleepiness, and increased risk for hypertension and stroke. We investigated the clinical factors related to the severity of OSAHS. Polysomnography was performed in three hundred and ninety five consecutive adult patients with clinical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. All patients completed the sleep questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale before polysomnography. Patients were classified into four groups based on the severity of their polysomnographic data: Non-OSA group, characterized by Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) < 5; mild OSA group, by AHI 5-15; moderate OSA group, by AHI 16-30; and severe OSA group, by AHI > 30. Neck circumference was also measured at the cricothyroid level. A total of 395 patients (336 men and 59 women) were studied. In the non-OSA group, there were 55 patients; their mean neck circumference was $39.63{\pm}4.24cm$ and mean BMI was $24.48{\pm}3.53$. In the mild group, there were 101 patients; their mean neck circumference was $41.93{\pm}3.75cm$ and mean BMI was $25.33{\pm}2.94$. In the moderated group, there were 93 patients; their mean neck circumference was $43.27{\pm}3.50cm$ and BMI was $25.90{\pm}2.88$. In the severe group, there were 146 patients; their mean neck circumference was $44.94{\pm}3.93cm$ and mean BMI was $26.81{\pm}3.76$. Men had significantly larger neck circumference than women ($Mean{\pm}SD$, $43.72{\pm}3.83$ vs $39.17{\pm}4.30$, p < 0.001), and higher AHI than women ($29.12{\pm}22.65$ vs $14.63{\pm}14.11$, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that neck circumference was the most significant predictor of AHI. Neck circumference and BMI were positively correlated with the severity of OSAHS. The severity of OSAHS was greater in men than in women.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Objective : To estimate the socioeconomic costs of obesity in Korea,1998. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1998 NHNES) data was used and 10,880 persons who had taken health examinations were selected for study. Essential hypertension, NIDDM(non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. The data of direct costs of obesity was obtained from the National Federation of Medical Insurance. The category of indirect costs was the loss of productivity caused by premature death and admission, time costs, traffic costs, nursing fees due to obesity. Multiple logistic regression model was developed to estimate prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted demographic and socio-ecnomic factors and calculate PAF(Population Attributable Fraction) of obesity on obesity related disease. And we finally calculated the socioeconomic costs of obesity in relation to BMI with PAF. Results : The direct costs of obesity were 2,126 billion${\sim}965$ billion Won in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, and the indirect costs of obesity were 2,099 billion${\sim}1,086$ billion Won. Consequently, in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, the socioeconomic costs of obesity were 4.225 billion${\sim}2,050$ billion Won, which corresponded to about $0.094%{\sim}0.046%$ of GDP and $1.88%{\sim}0.91$ of total health care costs in Korea. Conclusions : Obesity represents a major health problem with significant economic implications for the society. This results are conservative estimates as far as all obesity related disease and all health care and indirect costs were not included due to missing information. further studies are needed to caculate socioeconomic costs of obesity more exactly.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.275-280
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• 2005

Hyperlipidemia is one of the major factors causing the atherosclerosis of coronary arteries and well-documented modifiable risk factors of stroke, especially of the ischemic type. For Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus sufferers, if blood sugar is appropriately maintained, lipid and lipoprotein are normal, but if blood sugar is inappropriately maintained or clinical Diabetic nephropathy induces metabolic disorder of lipid, then Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels go up and high density lipoprotein levels go down. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of treatment with Ojeok-san and to observe the changes in Fasting Blood Sugar(FBS), 2 Hours Postprandial Blood Sugar(PP2h), Haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), Total Cholesterol(T-Chol) and Triglyceride(TG). After the treatment, Fasting Blood Sugar decreased from 149mg/dl to 89mg/dl. 2 Hours Postprandial Blood Sugar decreased from l85mg/dl to 110mg/dl. Haemoglobin A1c decreased from 6.3% to 5.7%. Total Cholesterol decreased from 268mg/dl to 217mg/dl. And Triglyceride decreased from 438mg/dl to 265mg/dl. These results support a role for oriental medical therapy in treating Diabetic Hyperlipidemia. Further case studies of herbal treatment of this ailment are needed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical therapists' perception of the use of gait measures, the frequency of the gait measures used, and also to identify the barriers that limit the use of these assessment tools. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Physical therapists from the Seoul, Gyeonggi area from March to July 2016 were included in the study. Over the course of 18 weeks, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a self-report questionnaire. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed and 350 questionnaires (50%) were collected, however with the exclusion of 140 questionnaires due to non-consent, a total of 210 questionnaires (30%) were analysed. Results: Out of the 10 standardized assessment tools, the therapists showed the highest perception for the timed up and go test (TUG [n=153, 72.9%]) and they also had high perception for the 10 meters walk test (10MWT [n=149, 71.0%]), and 6-minute walk test (6MWT [n=123, 58.6%]). The respondents answered that the TUG (n=116, 55.2%), 10MWT (n=100, 47.6%), and 6MWT (n=51, 24.3%) was used the most often. On the contrary, only four (1.9%) therapists have used the Chedoke-McMaster stroke assessment and the Rivermead Mobility Index. The lack of time was considered as the most important barrier to the use of assessment tools in clinical practice. Conclusions: Through this study, it has been shown that the domestic physical therapists used the TUG and the 10MWT mainly due to high recognition and evaluation status; however, the lack of time was the greatest impediment to the clinical application of the gait assessment tools.