• 자원환경지질
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2015

본 연구는 몽골 아르항가이 주 남동부 지역에 위치하는 우기누르 철-망간 광화대에 대해 3차원 지질모델을 구축하고 자력탐사와 비교 분석하여 지질 내 광체의 분포 특성을 유추하였다. 단면도 구축, Surface 모델링, 엽리 모델링 및 솔리드 모델링의 4단계로 3차원 지질모델을 구축한 결과, 연구지역 1과 2는 북서방향의 단층을 경계로 서부에는 문군체층이 동부에는 야실층이 분포하며 지질암체 내 표현된 엽리의 주된 주향 방향은 북서방향을 보이며 이러한 경향성은 지질경계를 이루는 북서방향 단층과의 유사하다. 연구지역의 자력탐사 자료를 이상치 분포특성에 따라 살펴본 결과, 자화율의 임계값이 낮을수록 이상치 분포대가 수직적인 분포를 보이는 경향이 관찰되나 임계값이 높아짐에 따라 이상대의 분포가 점차 지표 및 이와 인접한 천부에 집중된다. 자력탐사 이상대의 분포와 지질분포를 3차원 상에서 비교분석한 결과, 연구지역 1에서 자력탐사 이상대의 분포가 주로 북서방향 단층의 서부에 분포하는 문군체층에 신장된 형태의 렌즈상으로 분포하나, 연구지역 2의 경우 문군체층과 야실층에 균등한 분포를 보인다. 3차원 지질모델과 자력탐사 분포 특성을 비교분석 결과를 살펴보았을 때 본 연구지역에서는 실루리아기에 광화작용과 연관된 화산활동이 있었으며, 이 후 발생한 구조운동에 의해 광화대가 구조선을 따라 재배열 된 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 반도체 재료 센서 박막재료 전자세라믹스
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• pp.30-33
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• 2004

Shallow p+-n junctions were formed by low-energy ion implantation and dual-step annealing processes The dopant implantation was performed into the crystalline substrates using $BF_2$ ions. The annealing was performed with a rapid thermal processor and a furnace. FA+RTA annealing sequence exhibited better junction characteristics than RTA+FA thermal cycle from the viewpoint of junction depth. A new simulator is designed to model boron diffusion in silicon, which is especially useful for analyzing the annealing process subsequent to ion implantation. The model which is used in this simulator takes into account nonequilibrium diffusion, reactions of point defects, and defect-dopant pairs considering their charge states, and the dopant inactivation by introducing a boron clustering reaction. Using a resonable parameter values, the simulator covers not only the equilibrium diffusion conditions but also the nonequilibrium post-implantation diffusion. Using initial conditions and boundary conditions, coupled diffusion equation is solved successfully. The simulator reproduced experimental data successfully.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1992

지질구조의 일례를 모형화하여 3종류 시료에 대해 간극수압계를 사용하여, 가압수두와 간극비 변화에 따른 간극수압 변화측정을 60회의 실험을 통하여 실시하였다. 본 연구는 불포화 붕적토층에서 간극비와 가압수두 변화에 따른 간극수압의 변화를 기록하여 최종간극수압 VWT와 공기간극수압 Ua를 구하여 이들의 변화를 최종반응률과 공기반응률로 나타냈으며, 시료별로 투수계수와 간극비의 관계를 수식화 하였다. 실험결과 시료에 따라 간극수압 변화 형태가 계단형과 파형으로 나타났으며, 최종간극수압까지의 시간 지체는 모래, 사질실트, 점토질 모래 순이었다.

• 산업공학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2011

The radiopharmaceutical synthesis for PET (positron emission tomography) is composed of chemical reactions using automated synthetical equipment. Due to the radioactive material, the automated equipment is being frequently developed to replace human operators who conduct dangerous, repetitive and dexterous operations. As to operation, the manipulating program is commonly coded using the spread sheet while the whole actuators are mapped in every step. The process map (program) is changed according to such parameters as temperature of reactor, keeping time, mixture sequence and amount of reagent. In cases of customizing the automated synthetical equipment or developing the new radiopharmaceuticals, lots of experiments should be conducted and the programming mistake is not allowed as it can lead abnormal control of the equipment to leak the radioactive materials. The exact process map has depended on trial and error manner. Thus, this study developed the methodology to tabulate the synthetical process to convert the process map automatically while the synthetical module formation is represented by a network model. The proposed method is validated using the actual radiopharmaceutical synthetical procedure.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.746-752
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 저임계 습식산화 조건에서 반응온도, 시간 및 압력 등 반응조건이 슬러지의 분해 및 유기산의 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한, 저임계 습식산화의 분해경로 및 수정된 동력학적 모델을 제안하였으며, 다양한 조건에서 수행된 실험결과와 예측치를 비교, 검토하였다. 회분식 실험결과 반응온도는 산화반응보다는 열적가수분해 반응에 직접적으로 영향을 미치며, 반응온도와 시간이 증가할수록 슬러지의 분해효율과 유기산의 생성효율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반응온도 $180^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, $220^{\circ}C$ 및 $240^{\circ}C$, 반응시간 10 min에서 SS 농도의 제거율이 52.6%, 68.3%, 72.6% 및 74.4%로 나타나 반응 초기에 유기성 고형물(총 고형물의 약 75%)의 대부분이 액상화가 진행된 것으로 판단된다. 반응온도 $180^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$, $220^{\circ}C$ 및 $240^{\circ}C$, 반응시간 40 min에서 제거 슬러지당 생성된 유기산은 각각 93.5 mg/g SS, 116.4 mg/g SS, 113.6 mg/g SS 및 123.8 mg/g SS이며, 아세트산 생성은 24.5 mg/g SS, 65.5 mg/g SS, 88.1 mg/g SS 및 121.5 mg/g SS로 나타나 반응온도가 증가할수록 유기산의 생성율도 증가하였으며, 분해되기 쉬운 유기산이 아세트산으로 전환되는 것으로 나타났다. 제안한 수정 동력학적 모델에서 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 반응속도상수 $k_1$(고형물의 액상화), $k_2$(중간산물의 유기산 생성), $k_3$(중간산물의 최종분해) 및 $k_4$(유기산의 최종 분해) 모두 증가하였다. 이는 반응온도의 증가에 따른 유기성 고형물질의 액상화와 유기산 생성율의 증가를 의미한다. 반응속도상수($k_1{\sim}k_4$)에 대한 활성화에너지를 산정한 결과, 각각 20.7 kJ/mol, 12.3 kJ/mol, 28.4 kJ/mol 및 54.4 kJ/mol로 나타나 열적가수분해 반응 보다는 산화반응이 율속단계인 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1700-1709
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• 1993

The stepped specimen which is subjected to step loading is modeled to study the initiation and growth of adiabatic shear band using explicit time integration finite element method. Three different clearance sizes are tested. The material model for the stepped specimen includes effects of strain hardening, strain rate hardening and thermal softening. It is found that the material inside the fully grown adiabatic shear band experiences three phase of deformation, (1) homogeneous deformation phase, (2) initiation/incubation phase, and (3) fast growth phase. The second phase of deformation is initiated after sudden shear stress drop which occurs at the same time regardless of the clearance size. The incubation time prior to fast growth phase increases, as the clearance size of the stepped specimen increases. Whereas, after incubation period, the growth rate of the adiabatic shear band decreases, as the clearance size decreases. It is also found that two adiabatic shear band may develop instead of one for the smaller clearance size.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2022

Rodent model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion caused by bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) show clinically relevant evidences for vascular dementia and impairments of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of fermented garlic (F-Garlic) extract with NO metabolites on cognitive behaviors, synaptic plasticity, and molecular events in the hippocampus following BCAO. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided three experimental groups into: control+water; BCAO+water; BCAO+F-Garlic. Animals were treated with oral administration of F-Garlic in tap water as a drinking water after surgery for 4 weeks. On passive avoidance test and Y-maze test, BCAO+water showed a significant decrease in step-through latency and spontaneous alteration, indicating deficit of hippocampal memory formation but the treatment of F-Garlic significantly increased these cognitive behaviors. In control+water, a robust increase in the amplitude of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials was observed by theta burst stimulation to hippocampal neural circuit indicating formation of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1. BCAO+water showed a highly significant deficit in LTP induction 4 weeks after BCAO. On other hand, daily oral administration of F-Garlic extract caused the marked preservation of LTP induction. Moreover, parvalbumin was markedly reduced in the CA1, especially, in the stratum radiatum of BCAO+water. In contrast, BCAO+F-Garlic mitigate a significantly reduction of the parvalbumin. In summary, these results suggest that daily oral administration of F-Garlic extract can ameliorate cognitive memory deficit through the preservation of synaptic plasticity and interneurons integrity in the hippocampus in rodent model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2010

We present a highly effective T-DNA inserted gene screening method as part of a reverse genetics model system using the Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. spp. pekinensis). Three-step two-dimensional (2D) matrix strategies are potentially accurate and useful for the identification of specific T-DNA inserted mutants from a large population. To construct our Chinese cabbage model, we utilized a forward genetics screening approach for the abnormal phenotypes that were obtained from transgenic plants of Brassica rapa generated with Agrobacteria tumefaciens containing the pRCV2 vector. From one transgenic plant with an abnormal phenotype, we observed that the st1 gene (which is related to senescence-associated process proteins) contained a T-DNA fragment, and that its expression level was decreased. This T-DNA insert was then used as a control to construct an effective screening pool. As a result, the optimum template concentration was found to be 0.1-1 ng in our PCR strategy. For other conditions, positive changes to the Gibbs free energy prevented the formation of oligo dimers and hairpin loop structures, and autosegment extension gave better results for long fragment amplification. Using this effective reverse genetics screening method, only 23 PCR reactions were necessary to select a target gene from a pool of 100 individual DNAs. Finally, we also confirmed that the sequence we obtained from the above method was identical to the flanking sequence isolated by rescue cloning.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 충주호에서 유람선으로 사용되고 있는 광폭천흘수형 선박을 대상으로 선정하고, 공기를 공급하여 선저에 공동을 형성시켜 마찰저항을 감소시킬 수 있도록 선박의 선저형상을 개량하였다. 2차원 공동문제로 이상화하여 선저에 부착되는 공동을 이론적 방법으로 수치해석하여 공기공동의 형상과 내부압력을 추정하였고 공동현상을 지배하는 무차원수를 살펴보았다. 예인수조에서 모형선실험을 시행하고 단의 높이변화, 선측의 공기유출막이벽 등에 의한 공기공동의 형성과 저항감소효과를 조사하였다. 또한 투명한 아크릴로 제작된 선저부를 통해, 선저에 부착되는 공기공동의 발달과정을 관측하였다. 이러한 연구를 통하여, 실선선형의 선저부 형상을 적절히 개량하고 공기를 공급함으로써 설계속도 부근에서 원래선형의 전저항의 25%정도를 줄일 수 있음을 모형선에서 확인하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1999

A series of organosulfur compounds were synthesized with the aim of developing chemopreventive compounds active against hepatotoxicity and chemical carcinogesis. 2-(Allylthio) prazine (2-AP) was effective in inhibiting cytochrome P450 2E1-mediated catalytic activities and protein expression, and in inducing microsomal epoxide hydrolase and major glutathione S-transferases. 2-AP reduced the hepatotoxicity caused by toxicant sand elevated cellular GSH content. Development of skin tumors, pulmonary adenoma and aberrant crypt foci in colon by various chemical carcinogens was inhibited by 2-AP pretreatment. Anticarcinogenic effects of 2-AP at the stage of initiation of tumors were also observed in the aflatoxin B1 ($AFB_1$)-induced three-step medium-term hepatocarcinogenesis model. Reduction of $AFB_1$-DNA adduct by 2-AP appeared to result from the decreased formation of $AFB_1$-8,9-epoxide via suppression of cytochrome P450, while induction of GST 2-AP increases the excretion of glutathione-conjugated $AFB_1$ . 2-AP was a radioprotective agent effective against the lethal dose of total body irradiation and reduced radiation-induced injury in association with the elevation of detoxifying gene expression. 2-AP produces reactive oxygen species in vivo, which is not mediated with the thiol-dependent production of oxidants and that NF-KB activation is not involved in the induction of the detoxifying enzymes. the mechanism of chemoprotection by 2-AP may involve inhibition of the P450-mediated metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens and enhancement of electrophilic detoxification through induction of phase II detoxification enzymes which would facilitate the clearance of activated metabolites through conjugation reaction.