• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.253-261
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• 1997

In general, the transformation of coordinates in GPS is carried out by 3 dimensional transformation method with 3-10 parameter. In korea, the coordinates of transformation points ware determined are adjusted in-dependently by planimetry and the height, and also the weight of observations were not properly applied to the adjustment. In this study, two different transformation methods are tested and analysed by the field test, and it is finally found that 2 dimensional method is more efficient way than 3 dimensional classical transformation method.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-100
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• 1990

A convenient route is reported for the synthesis of fused pyrrolo [2, 3-d][1, 3]-oxazine and pyrrolo [2, 3-d]-pyrimidine derivatives from 2-amino-1-benzyl-3-t-butoxy-carbonyl-4, 5-dimethylpyrrole.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.1240-1250
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• 2007

We introduce technique for color transformation of characters between scenes in 2D animation. As colors are perceived differently owing to light source, so character colors like clothes, skin and so on are colored differently owing to atmosphere of each scene. This paper is made an attempt to solve mathematically color assignment of characters which has been worked by hand so far. We can find a matrix for color transformation of characters by appling principle of color stimulus to our algorithm. In scenes of existing 2D animation, basic colors and colors under light source of characters are used for the matrix. And matrixes are obtained for each scenes of 2D animation. If we are known basic colors of some characters, you can derive character colors under other light source environments using the matrix. Therefore, this paper describes automatic color transformation of characters between animation scenes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1463-1468
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• 2007

Emission of methyl bromide(MeBr) of soil fumigant was implicated in stratospheric ozone depletion. To determine the environmental fate for 1,3-dichloropene(1,3-D) of alternatives fumigants for MeBr, this paper researched the transformation for 1,3-D in water and soil. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in water with first-order kinetics are 9.9day and 1.7day at $25^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 8.6day and 1.5day at $25^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water at high temperature faster then at low temperature. Hydrolysis for 1,3-D in water are unaffected at $pH\;2.5{\sim}pH\;10.0$, but hydrolysis for 1,3-D at pH 11.5 higher then at $pH\;2.5{\sim}pH\;10.0$. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in soil are 11.5day and 7.7day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 9.9day and 6.9day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water increased with increasing soil moisture. Transformation for trans-1,3-D isomer are more rapid then cis-1,3-D isomer in water and soil. This research has identified that transformation for 1,3-dichloropropene are affected by temperature, pH, soil moisture, and isomer of cis and trans in water and soil.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 1989

F. velutipes Leu 2 gene (${\beta}-isopropylmalate$ dehydrogenase gene) was used for transformation of P. florida leucine requiring auxotrophic mutant P101. Transformation frequency was very low but the transformed colony can grow on minimal medium very slowly. Transformation was identified by Southern hybridization and reverse transformation into E. coli using chromosome DNA isolated from transformed P. florida.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1986

In order to obtain the optimum conditions for intact yeast cell transformation in the various yeast host-vector systems, 3 yeast plasmid vectors, YRp7, YEpl3 and YIp5 were introduced into 5 yeast hosts, Saccaromyces cervisiae Dl3-1A, DKD-5D, DBY-746, MC-16 and S2022D with various transformation conditions, and plasmid stabilities in all the transformants were also observed. The highest transformation frequencies in all the host-vector system were obtained in the 16 hour Cultured cell (5.4 $\times$ 10$^6$ - 2.4 $\times$ 10$^8$cells/$m{\ell}$) treated with 0.1-0.2 M lithium chloride in 0.1 M tris-HCl (pH 7.6), 35% polyethylene glycol 4000, and heat-shocked at 42$^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes after 60 minutes of induction. The intact cell transformation got more transformation frequency in DKD-5D (YRp7) and DBY-746 (YEpl3) than protoplast transformation, but reverse tendency was observed in DKD-5D (YEp13) and Dl3-lA (YRp7). The transformants, D13-1A (YRp7) and DKD-5D (YRp7) were very unstable in selective medium, with 80 to 85% of the transformants losing the plasmid after 70 generations, but the transformants, DKD-5D (YEpl3) and DBY-746 (YEpl3) were quite stable, with 35% of the transformants losing the plasmid.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.911-923
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• 2012

Recently, 3DTV and 3D displays have been released in the market. Accordingly, the production of stereoscopic images has gained much interest. Stereoscopic image being composed of left and right images are currently delivered to viewers without any modifications. The researches on the enhancement of depth perception using high-frequency components and the re-production of natural color by color compensation have been carried out for 2D images. The application of such 2D technologies to 3D stereoscopic images is an aim of this paper. This paper proposes the enhancement of 3D perception by color transformation. For this, we propose a stereo matching method for obtaining a depth map and two color transformation methods such as contrast transformation and background darkening. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2011

The free-stereo mosaics image without GPS/INS and ground control data can be generated by using relative orientation parameters on the 3D model coordinate system. Its origin is located in one reference frame image. A 3D coordinate calculated by conjugate points on the free-stereo mosaic images is represented on the 3D model coordinate system. For determining 3D coordinate on the 3D absolute coordinate system utilizing conjugate points on the free-stereo mosaic images, transformation methodology is required for transforming 3D model coordinate into 3D absolute coordinate. Generally, the 3D similarity transformation is used for transforming each other 3D coordinates. Error of 3D model coordinates used in the free-stereo mosaic images is non-linearly increased according to distance from 3D model coordinate and origin point. For this reason, 3D model coordinates used in the free-stereo mosaic images are difficult to transform into 3D absolute coordinates by using linear transformation. Therefore, methodology for transforming nonlinear 3D model coordinate into 3D absolute coordinate is needed. Also methodology for resampling the free-stereo mosaic image to the geo-stereo mosaic image is needed for overlapping digital map on absolute coordinate and stereo mosaic images. In this paper, we propose a 3D non-linear transformation for converting 3D model coordinate in the free-stereo mosaic image to 3D absolute coordinate, and a 2D non-linear transformation based on 3D non-linear transformation converting the free-stereo mosaic image to the geo-stereo mosaic image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.9-16
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• 2004

Performing adjustments where the observation equations involve more than a single measurement are General Least Squares(GLS) and Total Least Squares(TLS). This paper introduces theory of the GLS and TLS and compared experimentally accuracy and efficiency of those through 2D conformal coordinate transformation and 2D affine coordinate transformation. In conclusion, in case of 2D coordinate transformation, GLS can produce a little more accurate and efficient than TLS. In survey fields, The GLS and TLS can be used cooperatively for adjusting the actual coordinate measurements.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.2116-2124
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• 2015

To understand the effects of physicochemical factors on nitrite transformation by microalgae, a lipid-rich Chlorella with high nitrite tolerance was cultured with 8 mmol/l sodium nitrite as sole nitrogen source under different conditions. The results showed that nitrite transformation was mainly dependent on the metabolic activities of algal cells rather than oxidation of nitrite by dissolved oxygen. Light intensity, temperature, pH, NaHCO₃ concentrations, and initial cell densities had significant effects on the rate of nitrite transformation. Single-factor experiments revealed that the optimum conditions for nitrite transformation were light intensity: 300 μmol/m²/s; temperature: 30℃ pH: 7-8; NaHCO₃ concentration: 2.0 g/l; and initial cell density: 0.15 g/l; and the highest nitrite transformation rate of 1.36 mmol/l/d was achieved. There was a positive correlation between nitrite transformation rate and the growth of Chlorella. The relationship between nitrite transformation rate (mg/l/d) and biomass productivity (g/l/d) could be described by the regression equation y = 61.3x (R² = 0.9665), meaning that 61.3 mg N element was assimilated by 1.0 g dry biomass on average, which indicated that the nitrite transformation is a process of consuming nitrite as nitrogen source by Chlorella. The results demonstrated that the Chlorella suspension was able to assimilate nitrite efficiently, which implied the feasibility of using flue gas for mass production of Chlorella without preliminary removal of NO_X.