• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.307-311
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• 2014

2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) is used as a redox indicator in culture media. It is colorless in the oxidized form and is reduced to formazan, an insoluble pigment, by dehydrogenases in actively growing microbial cells. The aim of this study was to assess by microbial test of the pathogenic microorganisms using TTC reduction. The pathogenic microorganisms were reduced in medium by dehydrogenase to produce insoluble red formazan. We observed that the optimization method of TTC allowed more than 12 h incubation in 0.04% concentration. Also, the growth of microorganisms with media was increased formazan production. We confirmed that microorganisms were quickly observed to grow colonies cultured red color without affecting the growth of microorganisms. It is suggested that the microbial test using TTC can provide better and quicker test method in cosmetics development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1975

To elucidate the dependability of seed variability determination by tetrazolium, 15 tree species were checked. For the comparison of potential germinability for these tree seeds, x-ray photography and routine germination test in a incubator were implemented. Though there were considerable differences of seed variability in percentage between germination test and tetrazolium test, the judgement by tetrazolium test and x-ray test gave similar results. These findings indicated that tetrazolium test is a reliable method if treated and inferred properly. Solution of 0.25 percent tetrazolium could give a complete colour reaction as well as 0.50 percent solution.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.151-162
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• 1970

This experiment was carried out to investigate the yeasts for the brewing of red pepper paste during the fermentation periods. The yeasts in the red pepper paste were isolated and identified, and they were classified by coloring with the treatment of TTC(2, 3, 5, triphenyltetrazolium chloride) agar and counted in process of time.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 1999

The present study assessed the cerebroprotective effect of platelet-activating factor(PAF) antagonists in transient cerebral ischemia of rats. Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) of Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded for 2 hours using an intraluminal filament technique, and was reperfused for 6 hours following cerebral ischemia. The infarct area of seven coronal brain slices was measured morphometrically following stain ing in the 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution. The changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and pial arteriolar diameter were measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry and by a videomicroscopy, respectively. The infarct size was significantly reduced by PAF antagonists, BN 52021 and CV-6209, which were administered i.p. 10 min before MCA occlusion. Pretreatment with PAF antagonists significantly restored the changes in pial arterial diameter as well as those in rCBF during the period of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. PAF antagonists significantly inhibited the inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in the pial arteries ipsilateral to ischemia. These results suggest that PAF antagonists exert a cerebroprotective effect against ischemic brain damage through an improvement of postocclusive cerebral blood flow.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2007

Freezing hardiness of winter bud and branch according to dormancy level and low temperature, in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars, was investigated by electrolyte leaching rate, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) test, and sprouting. Electrolyte leaching rate was lowest in branch of 20th January and was highest in the 20th March. The electrolyte leaching rate of 'Fuyu' and 'Cheongdobansi' was high in the 20th January and was low in the 20th February, but 'Uenishiwase' and 'Nishimurawase' was opposed to that. 'Hachiva' was the middle level in the cultivars. Absence rate by TTC test was highest in the 20th January and was low in the others. The 20th March had a great decrease in $-10^{\circ}C$ treatment. The absence rate of 'Fuyu' and 'Uenishiwase' was low in the 20th January and March and was high in the 20th February. 'Nishimurawase' and 'Hachiya' had a high level irrespective of dormancy level. Sprouting was highest in the 20th February and was lowest in 20th March. Most cultivars were not sprout in $-20^{\circ}C$ treatment and 'Fuyu', 'Nishimurawase' and 'Cheongdobansi' was a little high level irrespective of dormancy level. 'Hachiya' was only high in the 20th January. Thus, freezing hardiness of persimmon was very weak low temperature after dormancy breaking and was not different between astringent and non-astringent persimmon.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 1970

This experiment was carried out to investigate the yeasts for the brewing of soy sauce. The yeasts in the soy sauce koji were isolated and identified. And they were classified by coloring with the treatment of TTC(2, 3, 5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride) agar and counted. The result, obtained was as follows; a) The number of the yeasts in the Koji was increased in process of incubation time: about $97{\times}10^3$ per gram of Koji incubated for 3 days, $135{\times}10^3$ 4 days and $179{\times}10^3$ 5days. b) They were classified as 53.6-71.9 per cent of TTC while yeasts for the most, 5.6-11.1 per cent of red yeasts, 6.8-19.5 per cent of red pink yeasts and 11.1-22.6 per cent of pink yeasts. c) 30 strains of yeasts were isolated from the Koji optionally, and they were identified as 6 genera and 11 species: 5 strains of Saccharomyces rouxii, 2 strains of Saccharomyces fermentati, 1 strain of Saccharomyces rosei, 6 strains of Saccharomyces rosei, 6 strains of Hansenula anomala, 1 strain of Hansenula suaveolens, 6 strains of Pichia polymorpha, 2 strains of Debaryomyces hansenii, 2 strains of Debaryomyces nicotianae, 2 strains of Torulopsis candida 2 strains of Torulopsis sake and 1 strains of Torulopsis sake and 1 strain of Candida pelliculosa. d) The yeasts belonging to Hansenula suaveolens, Hansenula anomala Candida pelliculosa, Debaryomyces nicotianae and Pichia polymorplza were classified as TTC white yeasts, Saccharomyces rouxii and Sacharomyces rosei were red, Saccharomyces fermentati and Debaryomyces hancenii were red pink, and Torulopsis candida and Torulopsis sake were pink. e) Generally the growth of the yeasts isolated were rapid on the media containing none or 10 per cent of sodium chloride but almost restrained on the media containing 15-18 per cent of sodium chloride.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 1970

1. The yeasts in the two samples of Nuruk (mold wheat) which one prepared at the College of Agriculture, Choong-Nam University (S) and the other purchased at a market(T), were examined and counted. The yeasts were differe entiated by the market (T), were examined and counted. The yeasts were differe entiated by the TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)agar overlay technique that yields a varied shade of color. The results were : the population of yeasts in 1g of Nuruk S was about $6{\times}10^4$, 56.5% of which were TTC-pink yeasts, 16% TTC-red pink yeasts, 8% were TTC-red yeasts, and 16.5% TTC-white yeasts. In Nuruk T(1g), the number of yeasts accounted for $14{\times}10^4$ and constituted of 42% TTC0pink, 21% TTC-red pink, 23% TTC-red and 9% TTC-white. 2. During the fermentation of Takju (Korean Sake) employing the Nuruk S and T the yeast flora throughout the brewing were observed in 12 hour intervals. TTC pink and red yeasts considered to be the major yeasts were isolated all cultured. The strains ($1{\times}10^5$/ml) were added to the mashes S and T in which pH was adjusted to 4.2 and the change of yeast flora was examined during fermentation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Semen Persicae (SP) on infarct volume, COX-2 protein expression in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rats. Methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned to four groups (MCAo experimental group, MCAo control group, sham experimental group, control group). The middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded in the MCAo group by proximal focal cerebral ischemia rat model, while the MCA was not occluded in the sham group. SP extraction was administrated for 4 days to each experimental group. Neuroprotective effects were investigated by measurement of brain damage using 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and analysis of COX-2 protein expression by western blotting. Results: The occurrence of infarct volume in the SP oral administration group decreased compared to the control group. COX-2 protein expression in the SP oral administration group decreased compared to the control group. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the effect of SP in reducing infarct volume and decreasing COX-2 expression.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.741-747
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• 2007

This study evaluated neuroprotective effects of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (YST), which have been known to be efficacy in the treatment of the stroke and diabetes. on focal cerebral ischemia of diabetic rats. On primary experiment, diabetic condition in rats was induced by streptozotocin injection, then, focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) under the diabetic condition. Then neuroprotective effect of YST was observed with changes of infarct size and volume, expressions of c-Fos, Bax, and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1${\alpha}$ in the brain tissues by using 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and immunohistochemistry. YST treatment showed a significant decrease of infarct size and volume induced by MCAO in diabetic rats. YST treatment showed a significant decrease of c-Fos and Bax positive neurons in cortex penumbra. YST treatment showed a decrease of HIF-l${\alpha}$ positive neurons in cortex penumbra, but it was not significant statistically. These results suggest that YST has effects on neuroprotection against cerebral infarct under diabetic condition. And it is supposed that neuroprotective effect of YST reveals by anti-apoptosis mechanism.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2009

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of Samultang (SMT) under hippocampus cells ischemia both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In the in vitro study, HT22 cells, predominantly detected in the cytoplasm, which coincides with the location of the mitochondria, were used as indicators. In the in vivo study, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced on rats. SMT was given orally 2 h before induction of permanent focal brain ischemic injury. Result: In the in vitro study, SMT had protective effects in glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, which was revealed as apoptosis characterized by chromatic condensation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in HT22 cells. In the in vivo study, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining showed a marked ischemic injury in blood supply territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) such as the cerebral cortex and striatum. However, treatment with SMT significantly reduced infarcted volume. SMT increased marked survival of HT22 cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in MTT assay. Conclusion: These results suggest that water extract of SMT provides neuroprotection against ischemic or oxidative injury by inhibition of apoptotic cell death.