• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2010

In the course of screening for antioxidant compounds by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a total extract of the twigs of Stewartia koreana (Theaceae) was found to show potent antioxidant activity. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of six phenolic compounds, ampelopsin (1), catechin (2), proanthocyanidin-A2 (3), fraxin (4), (2R, 3R)-taxifolin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (5), and (2S, 3S)-taxifolin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6), as active principles. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1-6 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Among them, three compounds 1-3 showed the significant antioxidative effects on DPPH, and riboflavin originated superoxide quenching activity. In riboflavin-nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT)-light system, compound 1 showed better superoxide quenching activity than vitamin C.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2008

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant effects among wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activities were examined by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxygen radical scavenging capacity(ORAC), total phenolic content, 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, inhibition of induced lipid peroxidation using liver mitochondria, reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging effect using 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein(DCF) fluorescence. Results: 1. TAC of 1.5 and 3.75 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 2. ORAC of 2, 10, and $20{\mu}g$ extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 3. Total phenolic content of 0.375, 0.938, and 1.875 mg extracts was highest in cultivated wild ginseng, followed by wild ginseng and lowest in ginseng. 4. DPPH(1, 1 -Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity between wild ginseng and cultivated wild ginseng did not differ significantly (p>0.05). 5. Induced lipid peroxidation, measured by TBARS concentration in solution containing rat liver mitochondria incubated in the presence of $FeSO_4$/ascorbic acid was inhibited as amounts of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased. TBARS concentration of ginseng extracts were significantly (p<0.05) higher than wild ginseng or cultivated wild ginseng extracts. 6. DCF fluorescence intensity was decreased as concentrations of wild ginseng, cultivated wild ginseng, and ginseng extracts increased, demonstrating that ROS generation was inhibited in a concentrationdependent manner. Conclusions: In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that cultivated wild ginseng extracts had similar antioxidant activities to wild ginseng extracts and greater that of cultivated ginseng extracts.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2000

Four diarylheptanoids oregonin, hirsutanonol, 1,7-bis- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-5-O-$\beta$-D-xylopyanoside and 1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-5-0-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside isolated from Alnus hirsuta were evaluated for their antioxidative effects with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation generation system mediated by addition of $H_2O$$_2$and/or Fe$^{2+}$ to rat liver homogenate. All these diarylheptanoids showed significant inhibitory activities against the DPPH radical and demonstrated strong activities in preventing the lipid peroxidation induced by $H_2O$$_2$.>.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

Calculated chemical scores (computed in relation to the FAO/WHO reference protein) for salmon liver protein hydrolysates indicated that all amino acids (other than methionine and threonine) were present in adequate or excess quantities; thus, the raw liver material is a good source of essential amino acids. The hydrophobic amino acids contents in hydrolysates prepared from Oncorhynchus keta and O. gorbuscha were 38.4 and 39.1%, respectively. The proportion of released peptides exceeding 500 kDa was reduced when hydrolysates were treated with the commercial enzyme Alcalase, although proportions in the following MW ranges were elevated: 100-500 kDa and <50 kDa. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were as follows: pH 7.0, $50^{\circ}C$, and a reaction time of 1 h. Of the different proteases tested, Alcalase was the most efficient for production of salmon liver hydrolysate with the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The hydrolysates prepared from salmon liver had a balanced amino acid composition. The liver protein hydrolysates contained low molecular weight peptides, some of which may be bio-active; this bio-active potential should be investigated. Inhibition of the DPPH radical increased with increased degree of hydrolysis (DH), regardless of protease type. DPPH radical scavenging abilities, antithrombotic effects and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase enzyme inhibition effects of O. keta liver hydrolysate increased in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, salmon liver hydrolysate may be useful in functional food applications and as a source of novel products.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2003

발효식품 시료로부터 분리된 세균을 $DPPH({\alpha},{\alpha}'-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl)$ 전자공여능으로 항산화 활성을 측정하여 가장 활성이 강한 균주를 선별하여 형태학적, 생화학적, 생리학적 특성 및 165 rRNA 염기서열을 조사한결과 Bacillus sp.으로 판명되어 FF-7로 명명하였다. DPPH 전자공여능법에 의한 Bacillus sp. FF-7이 생산하는 항산화물질의 최적 생산 배지조건은 탄소원 2% galactose와 질소원 1% tryptone 첨가였다. Bacillus sp. FF-7에 의해 생성된 항산화 물질의 활성을 DPPH 전자공여능, 흰쥐 각 조직 microsomal 실험계 및 linoleic acid 과 산화지질 실험계에서 malondialdehyde를 thiobarbituric acid(TBA)방법으로 측정하였다. 흰쥐 각 조직 microsomal 실험계에서 지질과산화에 대한 항산화 효과는 뇌(97.50%) >심장(79.95%) >신장(77.84%) >비장(77.47%) >고환(69.96%) >간장(62.45%) 순이였다. Linoleic acid의 과산화지질를 TBA법으로 측정한 결과 반응 4일째까지 억제 효과가 강하게 나타났으며, 동시에 대조구로 사용한 0.05% BHT 첨가구에서도 실험종료시까지 항산화 활성이 강하게 나타났다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant effects of Jeondo-san(JDS). Methods : The antioxidant effects of JDS were measured by the scavenging for 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical, the formation of intracellular glutathione(GSH), the inhibition for reactive oxygen species(ROS). Results : 1. All concentrations of JDS showed antioxidant effect by decreasing the DPPH radicals. 2. All concentrations of JDS did not effect on the formation of intracellular GSH in HaCaT cell. 3. All Concentrations of JDS inhibited the production of ROS in the HaCaT cell stimulated with $H_2O_2$. Conclusion : The present date suggest that JDS has effects on the stage of inflammation.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2007

The radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts of seaweeds and their active compounds, alginic acid, fucoidan and phloroglucinol, were investigated under in vitro. Among methanol extracts of seaweeds (sea mustard, sea tangle, seaweed papulosa, fusiforme, sea lettuce, purple laver and chlorella), seaweed papulosa and sea tangle showed strong scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$). In addition, under in vitro, the scavenging activities on DPPH radical of alginic acid and fucoidan, which are active compounds of brown algae, and phloroglucinol, the active compound from Ecklonia species, were evaluated and compared. Fucoidan and phloroglucinol showed strong DPPH scavenging effect, in particular, phloroglucinol had strongest activity among the active compounds. On the other hand, alginic acid did not exert DPPH scavenging activity. From the present study, we could confirm the antioxidative activity of seaweeds and its active compounds.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.499-502
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• 2004

장미과 식물(에탄을 추출)의 항산화력을 측정하기 위하여 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 자유 라디칼 생성 시스템을 이용하여 하였다. 또한 산화 환원 과정을 통하여 피부의 과잉 색소 생성에 관련된 멜라닌 생합성 과정의 조절 가능성을 조사하였다. 장미과 식물중에서 Prunus sargentii, Rubus coreanus, Chaenomeles sinensis, Photinia glabra와 Pyrus pyrifolia은 생합성 과정에서 dopa [3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) alanine]를 도파크롬으로 변환시켜 주는 tyrosinase 저해 효과를 나타내었다. MTT 실험법은 장미과 에탄올 추출물의 사람 섬유아세포에 미치는 독성정도를 실험하기 위해 사용되었다. 장미과 식물중 특히 Prunus sargentii의 껍질, Phorinia glabra의 껍질과 나무 그리고 Chaenomeles sinenis의 잎, 껍질, 나무 모든 부분에서 mushroom tyrosinase에 대해 $100{\;}{\mu}g/mL$에서 50\%$ 이상의 저해 활성을 보였으며, $10{\;}{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 강한 라디칼 소거 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 이들 추출물은 사람 섬유아 세포에 대해 높은 생존율을 나타냄으로써 멜라닌 형성 과정을 조절할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1573-1575
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• 2009

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the culture broth of Aspergillus sp. FN070449 (KCTC 26428) using a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay led to the isolation of two compounds: reticulone (1) and reticulol (2). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 exhibited more potent free radical scavenging activity on $ABTS^{\cdot+}$ (2,2'-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid]) and DPPH radicals than did butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and caffeic acid.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2005

Activity-guided fractionation of the CH$_2Cl_2$-soluble fraction of the roots of Sophora flavescens furnished five 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scaveng ers: trans-hexadecyl ferulic acid (1) cis-octadecyl ferulic acid (2), trans-hexadecyl sinapic acid (3), (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-(6aR,11aR)-8, 9-methylenedioxypterocarpan (4) and desmethylanhydroicaritin (8), along with nine known inactive compounds: (-)-maackiain (5), xanthohumol (6), formononetin (7), (2S)-2'-methoxykurarinone (9), (2S)-3${\beta}$,7,4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(${\gamma},{\gamma}$- imethylallyl )-flavanone (10), (2S)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8- (${\gamma},{\gamma}$-dimethylallyl ) -flavanone (11), umbelliferone (12), kuraridin (13), and trifolirhizin (14). Compounds 1-4 and 8 exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging effects at IC$_{50}$ values of 33.01 ${\pm}$ 0.20, 57.06 ${\pm}$ 0.16, 39.84 ${\pm}$ 0.36, 35.83 ${\pm}$ 0.47, and 18.11 ${\pm}$ 0.04${\mu}$M, respectively. L-Ascorbic acid, when used as a positive control, exhibited an IC$_{50}$ value of 7.39 ${\pm}$ 0.01 ${\mu}$M. Compounds 1-4 and 8 also appeared to exert significant scavenging effects on authentic ONOO-, with IC$_{50}$ values of 5.76 ${\pm}$ 1.19, 15.06 ${\pm}$ 1.64, 8.17 ${\pm}$ 4.97, 1.95 ${\pm}$ 0.29 and 4.06 ${\pm}$ 2.41 ${\mu}$M, respectively. Penicillamine (IC$_{50}$= 2.36 ${\pm}$ 0.79${\mu}$M) was used as a positive control. In addition, compounds 2,4,6,8, and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.