• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2000

The majority of patients who present with muscle pain does not have a definable myopathic disorder in the usual sense, despite intensive evaluation. Currently, most of these individuals are diagnosed with the syndrome of fibromyalgia, a condition that has been discussed under a number of different names for approximately a century. Fibromyalgia is a form of nonarticular rheumatism characterized by widespread musculoskeletal aching and stiffness, as well as tenderness on palpation at charateristic sites, called tender points. The American College of Rheumatology in 1990 set criteria for the diagnosis of fibromyalgia as that includes at least 3 months of widespread pain and the presence of at least 11 of 18 specific tender points on examination.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.29-50
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to critically review the previous research on the measurement of service quality, and to present future research directions on hotel service quality measurement as follows: 1. As Carman(1990) shows in his study, items of quality measurement should be developed to be fit for the measurement of hotel service quality. 2. To evaluate the service quality of a hotel, measuring three divisions(Room, F&B and Others) separately, then combining them would be the best model. 3. Researches to identify the various dimensions of hotel service quality are needed. 4. In measuring hotel service quality, guests should be classified according to various criteria. 5. To measure the hotel service quality, SERVPERF model might be more a, pp.opriate due to the small number of items to be answered. 6. In hotel industry, researches to identify causal pths between customer satisfaction and service quality are needed. 7. We need to develop alternative scales for the measurement of hotel service quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.94-99
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is analysis of aircraft turbulence of mid Korea using VWS from Osan radiosonde data and comparison with the PIREPs reporting the aircraft turbulence during $1990{\sim}1999$. The results of this study summarized that the frequence of aircraft events is more higher in winter time and in lower level(near the surface) of the atmosphere from VWS analysis using radiosonde data. And comparison with PIREPs data shows that relatively high skill score(44%) using the VWS method. It appears that the operational forecast skill score of aircraft turbulence is much higher using VWS than empirical method, due to the upgrade of the discrimination criteria of the aircraft turbulence.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1994

The trend of visibility variation of Seoul during 1980-1993 is analyzed. Annual average visibility has been decreased during the 1980s except 1988 and 1989 but not decreasing during the early 1990s. Also, the number of days with haze during 1983-1993 did not increase. Mixing height is deemed to be a dominant factor determining visibility. During the period, the difference between the average visibility at 6 p.m and 9 a.m decreased with the average visual range at 9 a.m slightly increased. Thus there is possibility that the effect of Photochemcial reactions becomes noticeable. The number of vehicles and the concentration of criteria air pollutants on the trend of visibility variation of Seoul would not be directly related to the variation of visibility.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.90-101
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• 2008

Korean defense specifications are the technical criteria of military products and major factor of acquisition system. Weapon systems and acquisition technique have been advanced dramatically after 1990's, but Korean defense specification practice standard has stayed after early 1980's except embedded software. The current status of current Korean defense specification practice standard and trend of related design and acquisition techniques like M&S, SBA, and digital manufacturing have been reviewed. This paper suggests that transfer to product, IT oriented specification structure, adaptation of digital product model and reinforcement of engineering management systems to establish a development initiative of Korean defense specification practice standard.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.784-792
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• 1990

In this paper, attempts have been made to compare the subjective performance of sub-band coding (SBC) techniques incorporating four representative modulation transfer functions (MTF's) of th human visual system(HVS): Sakrison, Nill, Ngan, and Rao. In SBC, the frequency band of input signal is split into 16 equal sub-bands. In addition, 28 sub-band splitting schemd which splits more sub-bands in low spatial frequency is considered to compare the 4 MTF's effectively. In encoding of each sub-band, the weight of each sub-band obtained from the MTF of HVS is applied to bit allocation process which minimize the weighted mean square error (WMSE). The differential pulse code modulation(DPCM) coder is used to encode the lowest sub-band and the pulse code modulation(PCM) coder is used for the rest of sub-bands. It is found that the images incorporating the MTF of Rao yields the best results in subjective criteria, followed by Ngan, Nill, Sakrison, and the images not employing the HVS.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify patterns and trends of hardiness studies and to suggest the direction of further research. Method : Forty-seven hardiness studies were collected through internet searching and were reviewed by some criteria. Result : The results showed that hardiness studies have increased rapidly since 1990's. Eighteen studies were thesis' for degrees and others were for non-degree research studies. All studies employed the non-experimental design, particularly correlational studies. In the sampling method, all studies used non-probability sampling. Most commonly used instrument for hardiness measurement was Pollock(1986)'s HRHS. In the majority of research, hardiness was treated both as a composite measure and 3 subscales. Hardiness-related concepts were 27 and classified into 5 categories such as health behavior, stress, adaptation, support, and others. Most common statistical technique was Pearson's correlation coefficient, followed by regression, ANOVA, path analysis. Conclusion : To be utilized as practical nursing knowledge, hardiness studies should be done with more empirical analysis such as experimental research, and Meta-analysis is needed to compare the effect size and significance of composit and 3 subscales of hardiness construct.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 1990

The modem society has increased the needs for both public benefits of forests and the economic functions of forest products. The increased public interest and concern for forests have been resulted from rapid growth of urban population, high industrialization, deterioration of environment, and etc. It is essential to evaluate the productive and environmantal functions of forests with a scientific criteria. The purpose of this study is to introduce the scientific evaluation method of such functions of forests, and to discuss its uses and limitations.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10b
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• pp.1377-1382
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• 1990

In Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) which realizes continuous mappings, the output errors is directly affected by the weight errors which may be caused by the limited precision of digital or analog hardware in implementations. So, it is important to study the sensitivity due to the perturbation of connection weights between neurons. In this paper, we derive a sensitivity function to the statistical weight perturbations in MLP with differentiable activation functions. This sensitivity function can be regarded as an ensemble average of deterministic sensitivity measures due to the perturbations of weights. Hence, this sensitivity function can be used as the criteria for selecting weights with the minimum sensitivity among possible sets of connection weights in MLP. For the verification of the validity of the proposed sensitivity function, computer simulations have been performed and through the simulations we find good agreement between the theoretical and simulation results.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.10b
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• pp.858-863
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• 1990

A synthesis of feedback control-law with combined H$_{2}$/H$_{\infty}$ perfoemance criteria is proposed for discrete-time systems, under the assumption that the state is available for feedback. An auxiliary minimization problem is defined to enforce the H$_{\infty}$ disturbance attenuation constrain while minimizing the H$_{2}$ performance bound. The design equation is presented in terms of a modified Riccati equation which leads to the standard LQ solution when the H$_{\infty}$ constraint is completely relaxed. The results of the paper clarity the correspondences between H$_{2}$/H$_{\infty}$ results in discrete-time systems and their continuous-time counter-parts.rts.