• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.13
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• pp.181-197
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• 2008

Government set violence as one of the important criteria when it rates movies or TV programs for juveniles. The purpose of selling this criteria is to prohibit the violence in TV programs or movies from affecting the actual behavior of juveniles. However, it is still under discussion how much the violence in broadcasting media actually affects juvenile violence. Korea once carried out a social experiment on juvenile violence media. Back in 1970, violent animation was popular in Korea and Korean government completely banned televising violent animations from September 1980 in an effort to prevent juvenile violence. Investigating the effect of this policy on juvenile violence would draw some implications. The result shows that the policy to ban violent animation in September 1980 didn't have meaningful effect on the trend of juvenile violence. The implication from this paper is that there is no certain cause-and-effect relationship between violent animation and juvenile violence. Another implication is that In-depth discussion is needed if this governmen4 policy is violating the juvenile's right to choose public media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.3 s.43
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• pp.233-242
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• 1992

This study primarily concentrates on the Fashion Style of the New Generation which has come into being in 1980 with reference to the contents of the newspaper and magazine in 1950's. . The New Generation has undergone the social and cultural change under the effect of mass communication, mass consumption brought by the economic development, sports boom promoted during the period of Asian Games and Seoul Olympic Games and the adoption of the policy for the autonomous school uniform. In the process of the social and cultural change, they have the common peculiarity such as sensitivity, anthoritarianism and polarity and they have taken an important part in the development of the 'Young Fashion' The characteristics of their fashion styles are divided into three periods as follows; 1. The rising period (1980-1982): The most important pecuriality of the first step can be sum up to the following point. The free fashion style replaced the formal one such as T-shirt or casual wear comes into as a everyday dress. Moreover, many people become interested in the New Fashion which is gradually diversified and high-qualified. As a natural consequence, the lively interest of the people has brought into the appearance and competition of the New Brand in fashion industry 2. The growing period (1983-1986): Mannish Look, so-called 'New Fashion' gained the summit of the fashion and change over conservatively. However, 'Mannish Look' have great effect on the Fashion Style until now on. Specially in Korea, 'Punk Style'and 'Androgynous Look' can be an example among many. 3. The diversifying period (1987-1989): The Fashion Style has developed variously even though the Reactionism takes the lead as the main current of the Korean Fashion. Moreover, it is noticeable that man comes into the stage as a new fashion group and the fashion market begins to dear in various lines of goods with moderate and low prices. These various aspects can be regarded as diversification in the Fashion Style as the needs in the times and society.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.7-20
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• 2011

In this research, the changes of spaces on Namsan-Park and of the meaning of the park from the late 1900s through the early 1908s are analyzed, and the results are provided as follows. To begin with, inserting a concept of park to Namsan provided people with limitation in understanding definition of park, which indicated finite and constrained space, so that it distracted people from using spaces on Namsan. At that time, since the park was considered as one of key factors to establish Modern city, it was distinguished to the urban structure which had existed. After then, Joseon shrine, settled in Hanyang-Park, absorbed in functions of the park, so that the term of Hanyang-Park meant an area around the shrine or a boundary of the space. In addition, the particularity of Joseon shrine sometimes discouraged people from using the park spaces as well as spaces on the shrine, which led to decline the publicity of the park. However, Joseon shrine was correlated and planned with infrastructures of the city, Kyeongsung, not only physically but also visually in that Joseon shrine played role in one of components in Kyeongsung performed as an entertaining city such as a theme park. Lastly, Seoul is no longer subordinated and dependent city but has dramatically changed as a prominent city after regaining of independence in 1945. This indicates that the entertaining function of the old city was dismantled or reduced or transferred to public spaces, especially Namsan-Park. Consequently Namsan-Park has diverse and complex characteristics like traits of Kyeongsung, playing a pivotal role in providing cultural spaces, and its spatial organization is divided and planned based on various facilities and buildings on the park. This organization has a negative effect on the city and the park by decreasing in connectivity between them.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-51
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• 2009

This research alms at quantifying economic impacts of free trading policy on environment-friendly fuel industry applying a static general equilibrium (CGE) model for Korea. Theoretically, 'polluters haven' hypothesis had been debated as major issue on the environmental effects of trade liberalization during 1970s and 1980s but recent literature emphasizes that production, scale, structural, and regulatory effects may derive rapid diffusion of environment friendly technologies. In this study, trade liberalization policy affects output of agricultural sectors negatively while that of biodiesel as environment-friendly technology positively. The rise m the output of biodiesel is derived from the reduction in import prices of agricultural products due to the abolishment of tariff. The policy implication from the analysis is that feedstock for producing biodiesel should be exploited in the foreign countries where productivity of agriculture is quite predominant compared to Korean agriculture.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

Fireworks display is called as younwha in korean, pokjuk in chinese, hanabi in japanese and fireworks display in English. Fireworks is a kind of art calling as engineering art program that presents its artistic sense by making up light, sound, heat, form, smoke, smoke screen, time delay and kinetic energy etc. which are made by combustion and deflagrations of explosives. Korea's fireworks skill is world class. In 1980s, we already developed the skills. After 2010 year, It would develop as Nano-biotechnology considering its environmental safety passing by 1990s' grow fully step. After pleasant fireworks, it requires a environmental pollution control measure, ability of emergency state control, management of storing place, a blind shell and waste disposal and citizenship elevation etc. This paper indicated around fireworks the present conditions, environmental pollution buzz, direction of development and plan.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.33-79
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• 2012

This paper first aims to reveal that, in the current trend of 'the participatory turn' in STS, there are divergent positions subtly different from each other, and that the understanding of these divergent positions can be significant to study the differences, similarities and interfaces between the various models of scientific governance discussed in STS and those in risk governance developed by risk studies. Secondly, this paper shows that theoretical differences among STS scholars on scientific governance and public participation goes back to the 1970s and 1980s, during which they first laid down the conceptual basis of STS. All ideas and theories have their own historicity. This article is about the 'historical epistemology' of the participatory turn of STS, and is to seek 'political epistemology' that can become a shared vision of STS.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1999

To investigate and compare the effects of air pollution near Seoul on soil ion, plant nutrient contents and plant growth, 14 Quercus mongolica forests were studied from Mt. Namsan in Seoul to Mt. Maebongsan in Kangwon-Do along the line transect. Soil pH values decreased as approached to Seoul. Concentrations of basic cations such as exchangeable Ca/sup 2+/, Mg/sup 2+/ and Na/sup +/ and effective cation exchange capacity(ECEC) in forest soil decreased as approached to Seoul. Ca/sup 2+/ and Mg/sup 2+/ contents in l-year-old Q. mongolica twigs decreased, but their K/sup +/ and Na/sup +/ contents increased as approached to Seoul. Ca/sup 2+/ contents in l-year-old Q. mongolica leaves decreased, but their K/sup +/ and Mg/sup 2+/ contents increased as approached to Seoul. Length of l-year-old twigs generally decreased near Seoul. Tree-ring analyses of Q. mongolica trees in Mt. Namsan and Mt. Yebongsan showed that mean tree-ring width in Mt. Namsan was narrower than that of Mt. Yebongsan from early 1970's to late 1980's.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

In Korea, water supply capacity and facility investments had been emphasized around the 1980s. The water pricing have gained focuses in water policy since the 1990s. This study analyzes a water demand and estimates the relation of water demand and other socio-economic variable, using econometric models on the city of Busan. Water price and income are two key elements to explain water demand. Modeling approach using translog function provides better results, and water demand responds positively to population and income. Energy and water prices are negative factors in deciding water demand. It is requested that water pricing needs to reflect more production costs. Alternative approaches such as water saving facilities by household and use of digital water information should be emphasized for efficient water management in a local community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2014

This study studied female Hanbok that appeared in Korean movies in different periods, and investigated the changes and flow of the Hanbok in the movies based on the design and the form. Research scope is limited to Hanbok in Korean movies released between 1950' and 1980', and in order to study Hanbok in movies, snapshots of Korean movies for each period are used. Pictures are sourced from the Korean movie database, and forms and colors of Hanbok in the pictures are classified into 7 categories. Based on this, characteristics, changes and flow of Hanbok for each period are studied. Based on this, by investigating the Hanbok in Korean movies from silhouette and design perspectives and comparing each period, it is found that the following changes have been made: From 1950' to 1980', generally Min Jeogori (Normal Korean traditional jacket) had a higher rate. Up to early 1960', wide collar and collar strip were trends, but from 70' to 80', they have been remarkably narrowed. After liberation, ease and functional elements of western clothing were accepted. From 1950' to 80', generally wide and round shape sleeve were used. Also, from 50' to 80', normally skirt and Jeogori had the same color and fabric. Lastly. as Hanbok with western style fabric, rather than traditional Hanbok fabric was increasing, Hanbok with variously patterned fabric was shown. The lack of colored pictures led of limited research materials, and so a more accurate and sophisticated research on material and design was not possible, However, it is meaningful that this study has investigated changes and flow of Hanbok in modern Korean movies.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2007

This study was to determine long-term changes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in paddy soils. To do this, we analyzed 16 PAHs in soil samples which were stored in the archive of Yeoungnam Agricultural Research Institute, Milyang, Kyeoungnam province, Korea. The samples used in this study were collected every year from 1978 to 2001 at the plough layer (0-12cm). In average, total PAHs accumulated in paddy soil was continuously decreased since 1980 when it peaked to be $237g\;kg^{-1}$. No significant changes were observed for PAHs having 5-6 phenyl rings for the past two decades, whereas PAHs with 3-4 phenyl rings were greatly decreased, reaching at about a half levels of the 1980's. It is worthy to be noted that the large reduction in PAHs with 3-4 phenyl rings has mainly been attributed to the decrease of PAHs in paddy soils for last 20 years. The major compounds accumulated were: phenanthrene > fluoroanthene > chrysene/benzo(b)fluoroanthene. The present results suggest that the switch of main fuels used in Korea from coal to petroleum around at the end of 1970's is likely contributed to decrease in PAH accumulation in paddy soils.