• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2015

Public education on soil and soil science in Korea was reviewed through textbooks written in Korean which were used in the primary schools since 1950's. Numbers of words 흙[heuk], the Korean native word meaning soil, and 토양[土壤, toyang], originated from Chinese characters, were counted, and compared with the textbooks published in 1950's, 1970's, and 1990's, 2010's. The Korean native word "heuk" was used 20 times in 1950's, and increased to 55 times in 1970's. In 1990's version, it was decreased to 31 times and to 20 times in the 2010's version. The first appearance in the 1950's version was in the 3rd grade book, but was in the $1^{st}$ grade books in both 1990's and 2010's. In this recent version, the primary school students met this word on the poet, "Toad, Toad build a house", and "Sprout come out through soil clod". The word, "토양, toyang", originated from Chinese characters, 土壤, appears only 2 times in the $6^{th}$ grade in 2010's version. Authors conclusively recommend children should learn meaning of soil at early stage of primary school easily with positive image.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2021

We examines the aspect of dramas delivering Korean culture and literature to the public in the 1950s through the drama (2004). This drama focuses on Myeong-dong and views society and literature in the 1950s. This drama not only introduces ordinary people to viewers realistically, but also helps viewers understand by inserting interviews with researchers. In addition, through the gaze of poet Lee Bong-gu, they connect their literature with different literary people to obtain narrative completeness while helping viewers understand the inner side of the literary people. At the end of the drama, Lee Bong-gu's voice is a meaningful riverside for future evaluations, and it means the result of overcoming the pain of the 1950s with a romantic atmosphere and literary passion. Therefore, the drama "The Count of Myeongdong" is a meaningful text that delivered the literature and cultural landscape of the 1950s to viewers in a popular and sincere manner through the video.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2014

Dir. Kim, Muk was known to the representative director of Korean action and thriller film from the last of 1950's to the first of 1970's. His first film is melodrama (1958). But he mainly makes action genre film after (1960). This reserch discussed on Kim, Muk's activity in Koream film world and introduceed his all films from the first of 1950's to of 1970's. In conclusionly I arranged his film style and KIm, Muk's film making metod of action film.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2014

Early 20th century Singapore was faced with the problem of overcrowding. The attendant problems of a rapid increase in population density, namely the lack of proper housing and sanitation, resulted in the issue of an appropriate residential environment emerging as an important task in urban planning. It was necessary to construct housing estates in order to solve this issue. At that time, the British colonial government attempted to transplant modern technology into the construction process of a residential complex system. However, Singapore's climate and traditional lifestyle made it impossible to apply the British modern system in a straightforward manner, and in the process, a number of transformations emerged. With a specific focus on the Tiong Bahru estate, one of Singapore's representative public housing projects, from the 1930s through the 1950s, this study intends to look at the way in which such residential estates were assimilated into local surroundings, and the effect of the transplantation of British concepts of modern housing theory. Therefore, the study is divided into an examination of the estate both before and after the turning point of World War II. This study confirms that the difference between the pre-war and post-war planning strategies for the Tiong Bahru estate were made according to the concept of 'open space.'

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.604-615
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate whether heel height changes in the U.S. market occur in a cyclical pattern and heel heights show greater within-year variability over time. Heel height data from U.S. Vogue's spring and fall editions were analyzed over the time period 1950~2014. A total of 1581 pieces of data were measured in millimeter units using Adobe Illustrator and standardized by dividing the height of the heel by the shoe length through the curved sole line. To analyze the cycle pattern of heel heights, the yearly averages were standardized by using three-year moving average technique to average out the irregular components of time series data and give a better indication of the long-term fluctuation of heel height. To identify the degree of within-year variability of heel height, the standard deviation of the average measurements for a year was calculated, and then decade averages were drawn from the yearly averaged standard deviation. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the within-year variability of data in heel height over the time period studied by decade. The results showed: First, there was a trend toward higher heels from the early 1950s to 2011. Second, four cyclical movements of heel height were observed from 1950 to 2007, and heel heights gradually decreased after 2008. Third, the within-year variability significantly increased over time, especially after the 1980s.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.139-140
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.159-173
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• 2002

The subject of the paper is for the study about the implication and the changes of design and functions in the underwear by the change of the times from late 19c until present time. Researching on documents and magazine's articles, and interviewing with women older than 60s is used for the period of previous 1960s. researching on documents, advertising, newspaper, and interviewing with the persons concerned is used for the period of after 1960s. Analysis showed periodical change in underwear is divided into that the changes of the time is divided into 1890-1950 start to Westernization in underwear, 1957-1969 Ready made in underwear. 1950-1969 Variety in underwear, 1980-1989 Fashioning, functioning in underwear, 1990-present Withdrawing from fundamental notion in underwear. The time of 1890-l950 showed the biggest change in an external form in underwear. In 1950-1969, notions of beauty in underwear ultimately swatch from Oriental sense to Western sense, In 70s, underwear achieved the early stage of fashioning. In 80s, Underwear became one of fashion item. In 90s, underwear achieved higher quality and variety. The basic notion of underwear was destroyed by exposing underwear.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.17-26
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• 2018

In 1961, the Republic of Korea's first newly-constructed government building was completed. The government building, as ROK office, was erected as a twin with the USOM office in Sejong-ro. The reason why the ROK office and the USOM office were erected as a twin building is that the two offices were part of Foreign Operation Administration's Seoul Buildings Project in 1954. Within the project, the FOA office and the ROK office were rarely separated, and naturally, the ROK office was built according to the US standards. The planning, design, and construction phases which led by the US government were involved in the US architecture, engineering-construction companies. Because those AEC companies were familiar with the US technology and standards. In the phase of construction, Korean companies took part in the process under the supervise of Vinnell Corporation. The US expected to transfer its 'modern' and 'developed' technology through this process. The completed ROK office was widely known as the 'modern style (hyundae-sik)' building, which was body forth as glasses and new facilities. These factors were what the US emphasized for exporting architecture. The modifier, 'modern style (hyundae-sik)', given to the ROK office in the 1950s was a synonym for any new feeling that had never been seen hitherto. The newness of the ROK office, the 'modern style (hyundae-sik)' building, was specified as materials and facilities that indicates modern technology while in the absence of adequate knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.45-68
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• 1999

From the Korean War in 1950 to the end of the 1960s, the traditional feudal residue which had been prevalent in our society was disrupted and suddenly replaced with modem western order. Family ethics were also to be changed, so that western family ethics replaced those of confucian ones. This is part of a study that examines the flow of family ethics from ancient families to modem families to find out the stem of Korean family ethics. Since there are almost no existing studies that have dealt this topic, newspaper, magazine and also interviews with the people of thus era were very helpful to this study along with the related books and papers. On account of limited space, this study focused in the first place on husband-wife ethics and parent-child ethics among family ethics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.7 s.107
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• pp.142-151
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• 2006

Bikini, a brief two-piece bathing suit revealing the wearer's navel, was first introduced in Paris, in 1946. However, it was not until the late 1950s that Americans were ready to adopt bikinis. Therefore, I focused on the following research questions to understand the popularization process of bikinis in the United States, from 1946 to the 1960s: 1. Why were Americans initially hesitant to adopt the bikini? 2. What were the factors that influenced the popularization of the bikini among Americans in the late 1950s? Primary sources including Bazaar. Madmoiselle, Vogue, The New York Times, and Life were reviewed. I referred to secondary sources on the history of fashion and American popular culture to interpret primary sources. According to the primary sources, Americans were hesitant to adopt the bikini, partly due to the excessive demand on the wearer's figure. However, the conservative social atmosphere during Cold War would not accept immorality and obscenity which would threaten America's future. Therefore, the campaigns against the sex industry, which developed prominently after WWII, predominated American society during the 1950s. Under this atmosphere, a small number of pictures and articles on bikinis appeared in the primary sources. Bikinis were only found in advertisements including sun lotions and hair removers. However, American society had to accept the change in sexual mores by the end of the 1930s. Body-revealing fashions including miniskirts, hot pants, and see-through material reflected the change in social convention. By the end of the 1950s, the number of pictures and articles on bikinis also began to increase in the primary sources. More Americans adopted bikinis with the increasing number of private pools and European trips. The vogue of sun-tanning and movies featuring bikinis further contributed to their popularity in the late 1930s and into the 1960s.