• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.315-318
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of hormone levels of serum progesterone (P4) and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) in sows of Landrace (L), Yorkshire (Y) and F1 (L ${\times}$ Y) (respectively n=3) with excellent ability, and to provide a baseline data for improving reproductive performance. In this experiment, the sows at the age of 12 months or more were used. The sows were fed by two way methods, one is conventional methods and the other is 3 days-flushing feed before estrus. Each pig's blood was collected in 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after the estrus for the analyses of P4 and E2. Serum was separated by centrifugation for 15 min. with 3,000 rpm. Progesterone and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ were measured by immunochemical assay (ELIZA test). In conventional feeding, serum progesterone levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in F1 than in L and Y. No significant differences in P4 concentrations were seen between the L and Y of sows. Serum E2 levels were similar the serum progesterone levels. In the case of flushing feed, the tendency of hormonal changes were similar to conventional methods. But almost of hormonal levels were a little higher than that of conventional methods. P4 level of L and Y in flushing feed were significantly different (p<0.01). Serum E2 level of Y in flushing feed was significantly different among the breeds (p<0.01). These results were similar to the tendency of hormonal changes in general sows and moreover, flushing feed is known to develop the swine production, these results proved the fact of the methods. And these results suggested that more studies about hormonal changes in sows according to seasonal and nutritional factors should be needed.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

Estrogens are effective neuroprotectants in vivo and in vitro. To obtain a better insight into the molecular mechanisms of action of neuroprotection by $17{\beta}-estradiol$ (E2), we examined the differential effects of E2 on the fluidity of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from rat cerebral cortex. Intramolecular excimerization of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)-propane (Py-3-Py) was used to investigate the effects of E2 on the bulk and annular lateral diffusion of the SPMV. In addition, we examined the effects of E2 on the rotational diffusion of individual leaflet of SPMV exploiting selective quenching of outer monolayer 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence by trinitrophenyl groups. The $F{\ddot{o}}rster$ distance $R_0$ value for the tryptophan-Py-3-Py donor-acceptor pair was $26.9{\AA}$. E2 increased the lateral mobility of both bulk and annular lipids in SPMV in a dose-dependent manner, but a larger effect on bulk lipids was observed. Although E2 decreased the anisotropy of DPH in SPMV, E2 had a greater fluidizing effect on the outer leaflet compared to the inner leaflet. These results suggest that E2 selectively fluidizes the more fluid regions within SPMV. It is highly probable that E2 mostly fluidizes the bulk lipids, away from either annular lipids or lipid rafts, in the outer leaflet of SPMV. This selective fluidization may be one of the nongenomic mechanisms of neuroprotection by E2.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.279-285
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• 1996

넙치의 전 암컷 집단의 생산을 위한 연구의 일환으로 실제 양식 어민이 손쉽게 이용할 수 있는 성전환 처리방법을 개발하고자, 부화 후 30일째부터 90일까지 60일간 $17{\beta}-methyltestoste-rone$ (MT)과 $estradiol-17{\beta}\;(E_2)$을 $1\~100$ ppb로 매일 2시간 동안 침지하여 성전환을 유도하였다. 부화 후 200일째의 실험군의 성비는 대조군에서 수컷이 $46.7\%$로 나타나 암수비가 거의 1 : 1이었으나, MT에 의한 수컷 유도율은 1 ppb 처리군이 $72.5\%$, 그리고 10 ppb 처리군이 $87.2\%$로 나타났고, 특히 100 ppb 처리군의 경우 $100\%$로 나타났다. $E_2$에 의한 암컷 유도율은 1 ppb 처리군에서 $75.5\%$ ,10 ppb 처리군에서 $91.9\%$였고, 가장 높은 농도인 100 ppb에서는 $97.2\%$로 나타났다. 호르몬 농도에 따른 각 처리군별 생존율 및 성장은 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05).

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1984

난소절제한 흰쥐에서 $17{\beta}$-estradiol과 progesterone을 장기간 주사햐여 자궁상피의 형태적 변화를 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 난소절제 후 자궁상피는 막성구조물과 지방구 기타의 구조물을 포함하는 vacuole의 출현이 특이적으로 나타났다. 상피는 낮은 입방형이며 세포 유리면에 소수의 짧은 microvilli를 볼 수 있었다. Estradiol투여시 상피는 높은 윈주형을 나타내며, 분비계는 비교적 잘 발달되고, 세포 유리면에 소수의 긴 microvilli도 관찰되었다. Progesterone 처리시의 상피는 세포 첨단부에 다수의 vacuole과 핵하부에 다수의 지방구의 집적이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 자궁상피는 형태학적 및 기능적인 상태에서 estrogen과 Progesterone 양자에 의해 변화를 받으며 이들 호르몬은 상피세포에 대해 독특한 영향을 나타낸다고 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the antiestrogens, LY-117018 and tamoxifen on reproductive organ of ovariectomized immature rats and also to elucidate the mechanism of action of said compounds by bioassay. Each of LY-117018, tamoxifen and estradiol-17${\beta}$ was administered to ovariectomized immature rats at various dose levels. Forty hours after drug administration, tested rats were sacrificed and uterine wet weight, DNA and RNA contents in uterine and liver tissues were investigated. At the same time, uterine wet weight was also investigated with some other rats treated with 125${\mu}g$ of LY-117018 together with increasing doses of tamoxifen. Ovariectomized immature rats given 25${\mu}g$ single dose of each drug were sacrificed on Day 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 after drug administration and uterine was weighed to estimate the duration of action of LY-117018 and tamoxifen. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The administration of LY-117018 or tamoxifen to ovariectomized rats increased uterine wet weight and DNA and RNA contents in uterine tissues with more increase in tamoxifen groups, but significant differences between groups treated at dose levels of 5${\beta}$ or more of both drugs were observed. Estradiol-17${\beta}$ groups showed significant increases in each group(P<0.01). 2. The administration of LY-117018 or tamoxifen to each group significantly increased DNA and RNA contents in liver tissues with more increase in tamoxifen groups. Estradiol-17${\beta}$ groups showed no significant differences between treatment groups of 5${\beta}$ or more. 3. Treatment with 125${\beta}$ of LY-117018 together with various doses of tamoxifen resulted in more increase of uterine wet weight than treatment with a single dose of LY-117018 or tamoxifen. 4. Treatment with 0.2${\beta}$ of LY-117018 or tamoxifen in ovariectomized rats decreased uterine wet weight,DNA and RNA contents in liver and uterine tissues compared with ovariectomized control. 5. The duration of effective action of LY-1l7018 and tamoxifen was 4 days or more. 6. There was significant difference(P<0.001) in uterine wet weight between Day 9after ovariectomy (two days after LY-117018 or tamoxifen treatment) and Day 10(63.7${\pm}$3.5mg, 39.2${\pm}$9.9mg, respectively).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1390-1393
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• 2007

In this study, three of the representative EDCs, $17{\beta}$-estradiol, bisphenol A, and styrene, were employed to find their mode of toxic actions in E. coli. To accomplish this, four different stress response genes, recA, katG, fabA, and grpE genes, were used as a representative for DNA, oxidative, membrane, or protein damage, respectively. The expression levels of these four genes were quantified using a real-time RT-PCR after challenge with three different EDCs individually. Bisphenol A and styrene caused high-level expression of recA and katG genes, respectively, whereas $17{\beta}$-estradiol made no significant changes in expression of any of those genes. These results lead to the classification of the mode of toxic actions of EDCs on E. coli.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.640-646
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• 2010

네오스포라 감염증은 세포내성 원충성 기생충인 Neospora caninum에 의해 발생하는 질병으로 전세계적으로 발생하고 있으며, 소에서는 번식장해로 인한 막대한 경제적 손실을 유발한다. 본 연구는 4 곳의 각기 다른 목장으로부터 N. caninum에 자연 감염된 양성우와 음성우를 포함한 26두의 임신우를 선정하여 2주 내지 4주 간격으로 혈액을 채취하여 호르몬, 항체가, IFN${\gamma}$ 수준과 유산 혹은 분만과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 유산하지 않은 Neospora 양성우14두의 S/P 평균값은 분만 전 15주에 최고치를 보였고, 이후 분만 때까지 감소하였다. 유산한 양성우 3두의 유산 시기는 각각 인공 수정 후 20주 (142일), 26주 (185일), 28주 (199일)였으며, 이들의 S/P값은 유산 전 13주부터 유산 때까지 높은 수준을 유지하였다. 유산하지 않은 양성우에서 IFN${\gamma}$ 수준은 개체에 따라 그리고 동일한 개체라도 임신기간이 경과함에 따라 다양하게 나타났으며, 유산한 양성우에서 IFN${\gamma}$ 수준은 계속 높은 상태를 유지하거나 또는 유산시점에 근접하여 급상승하였다. Neospora 음성우 9두의 IFN${\gamma}$ 수준은 양성우보다 낮았지만, 그 양상은 유산하지 않은 양성우와 유사하였다. 유산하지 않은 양성우와 음성우에서 평균적인 progesterone수준은 분만 전 7주부터 뚜렷하게 감소하였다. 유산한 양성우에서는 유산 전 5주와 7주의 평균적인 progesterone 수준은 정상 분만한 음성우나 양성우의 분만전 5주와 7주에 측정된 평균 progesterone 수준보다 낮았다. 유산한 양성우에서 17${\beta}$-estradiol의 평균 수준은 유산 시점에 근접할수록 증가하였지만, 혈청내 총양은 유산하지 않은 양성우와 음성우에서 분만시점에 근접하여 측정한 평균 17${\beta}$-estradiol 수준보다 더 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 Neospora에 감염된 소에서 17${\beta}$-estradiol과 progesterone 수준의 저하는 IFN${\gamma}$ 산생을 증가시켜, 결국에는 유산을 초래할 수 있다고 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2020

Objective: The appropriate function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is essential for maintaining proper reproductive function. In female mammals, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulates reproductive changes that take place in the estrus cycle and are necessary for successful reproduction. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of thymectomy on the estrus cycle in neonatally thymectomized guinea pigs. Methods: In this study, 12 female guinea pigs, six thymectomized and six sham-operated, were studied. The effects of neonatal thymectomy at 5-7 days of age on parameters of the reproductive axis were examined in female guinea pigs. Gonadotropin and 17β-estradiol levels were assessed at regular intervals (days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15) of the estrus cycle, and the time of vaginal opening in the thymectomized and shamoperated guinea pigs was determined. Results: Significant reductions in gonadotropins and 17β-estradiol levels during estrus cycle were found in neonatally thymectomized female guinea pigs compared to sham-operated guinea pigs. Conclusion: The results of this study underscore the importance of the thymus in the neonatal period for normal female reproductive function.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to analyze the proteome expressions of proliferating stromal vascular cells from Hanwoo omental, subcutaneous and intramuscular depots subjected to hormone deprivation and IGF-1, Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ addition. For hormone deprivation or addition studies, the cells were either grown in 10% charcoal-dextran stripped fetal bovine serum (CD-FBS) or in 10% FBS supplemented medium. Further, to analyze the effect of insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) and $17\beta$-Estradiol (E2), cells were grown in 10% CD-FBS containing IGF-1 (10 ng/ml) or E2 (10 nM). The results showed that hormone deprivation had a negative impact on proliferation among the cells from all depots without any growth difference. On comparison of proliferation levels, higher levels were observed in cells that were grown in 10% FBS than in 10% CD-FBS alone or with IGF-1/E2. Proteome expression from preadipocytes grown in hormone deprivation conditions were compared by 2D-DIGE and MALDIToF/ToF. A total of twelve different proteins were found to be differentially expressed under hormone deprivation conditions. Further, our proteomic analysis with DIGE under IGF-1 and E2 addition revealed four proteins with differential expression levels. Moreover, the results highlighted in this study offer a role for each differentially expressed protein with respect to their effect in positive or negative regulation on proliferation.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.114-114
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• 2003

Ginseng is a medicinal herb widely used in Asian countries, and its pharmacological effects has been demonstrated in various systems such as cardiovascular, central nervous, and endocrine systems. Its effects are mainly attributed to the ginsenosides. We hypothesize that a component of Panax ginseng, ginsenoside-Rbl, acts by binding to estrogen receptor. We have investigated the estrogenic activity of ginsenoside-Rbl in a transient transfection system using estrogen receptors ${\alpha}$ or ${\beta}$ with estrogen -responsive luciferase plasmids in COS monkey kidney cells. Ginsenoside-Rbl activated both estrogen receptors ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ in a dose-dependent manner (0.5 -100 M ). Activation was inhibited by the specific estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780, indicating that the estrogenic effect of ginsenoside-Rbl is estrogen receptor dependent. Next, we evaluated the ability of ginsenoside-Rbl to induce estrogen-responsive progesterone receptor gene by semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays. MCF-7 cells treated with l7${\beta}$-estradiol or ginsenoside- Rb1 exhibited an increased expression of progesterone receptor mRNA. However, ginsenoside-Rbl failed to displace the specific binding of ［3H］17${\beta}$-estradiol to estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells as examined by whole cell ligand binding assays, suggesting that there is no direct interaction of ginsenoside-Rbl with estrogen receptor. Our results indicate that estrogen-like activity of ginsenoside-Rbl is independent of direct estrogen receptor association.