• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2013

Among Gram-negative pathogens in Korea, the incidence of resistance to third generation cephalosporins is becoming an ever-increasing problem. The production of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase (ESBL) is the main mechanism of bacterial resistance to a third-generation cephalosporins and monobactams. Accurate identification of the ESBL genes are necessary for surveillance and epidemiological studies of the mode of transmission in the hospital. This study was conducted to detect the genes encoding ESBL of 46 K. penumoniae isolated from Daejeon, Chungnam and Chungbuk regional university hospitals from February to August in 2012. The phenotypes of the isolated specimens were examined according to the combination disc test (CDT) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Forty two ESBL producing K. penumoniae isolates could be detected using ceftazidime (CAZ) discs with and without clavulanate (CLA). By CDT, 42 K. pneumoniae strains were confirmed to be ESBL strains. Genotyping was performed by multiplex PCR with type-specific primers. By PCR analysis, TEM gene in 46 strains, SHV gene in 37 strains and CTX-M genes in 14 strains were identified. Ten isolates did carry genes encoding ESBLs of all types TEM, SHV and CTX-M. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was better to detect and differentiate ESBL producing K. penumoniae strains in clinical isolates.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.109-140
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• 2006

Background: In practicing qigong, People must achieve three Points : adjust their Posture, control their breathing and have a peace of mind. That is, Cho-Sin [調身] , Cho-Sik [調息] , Cho-Sim [調心] . Slow respiration is the important pattern of respiration to improve the human health. However, unsuitable breathing training have been occurred to mental disorder such as insomnia, anorexia etc. So, we think that the breathing training to consider the individual variations are desired. Objectives: We performed this study to examine the physiological effects of controlled respiration on the normal range of frequency domain electroencephalogram(EEC) in healthy subjects Also, to study examine individual variations according to the physiological effects between controlled respiration and Han-Yeol [寒熱] , respiration period, gender and age-related groups on the EEC in healthy subjects. Methods: When the subjects controlled the time of breathing (inspiration and expiration time) consciously, compared with natural respiration, and that their physiological phenomena are measured by EEC. In this research we used breathing time as in a qigong training (The Six-Word Excise) and observed physiological phenomena of the controlled natural respiration period with the ratio of seven to three(longer inspiration) and three to seven(longer expiration) . We determined, heat-cold score by Han-Yeol [寒熱] questionnaire, average of natural respiration period, according to decade, EEC of 140 healthy subjects (14 to 68 years old; 38 males, 102 females) by means of alpha, beta spectral relative power. Results: 1) In Controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\alpha}\;I\;(Fp2)\;and\;{\beta}$ I (Fpl, Fp2, F3, F4) decreased on the EEC. 2) In controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\beta}$ I (Fpl, Fp2, F3, F4) increased with cold group, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$(F3) decreased with heat group, ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2)increased with cold group in longer inspiration. But by means of compound effects, ${\alpha}$ II(F3) increased with cold group in longer inspiration, the other side ${\alpha}$ I (F3) decreased with heat group in controlled respiration on the EEC. 3) In controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2) decreased with decreased-respiratory-rate(D.R.R.) group, ${\beta}$ I (Fpl, Fp2, F3, F4) increased with D.R.R. and D.R.R. groups, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$(F3) decreased with D.R.R. group. But by means of compound effects, in controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$(F3) decreased with D.R.R. group on the EEG. 4) In controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\beta}$ I (Fpl, F3, F4) increased with female cup, ${\beta}$ I (Fp2) increased with male and female groups, ${\alpha}/{\beta}$(F3) decreased with male group. But by means of compound effects, in controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2) increased with female group on the EEC. 5) Compared with the natural respiration, in longer expiration ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2) increased in their forties group, in longer inspiration ${\alpha}$ I (Fp2) increased in their fifties group. But by means of compound effects, in controlled respiration compared with the natural respiration, ${\beta}$ I (Fpl) decreased in teens group on the EEG.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2010

SH3YL1, a novel protein containing one Src homology 3 domain at the carboxyl terminus was first detected in mouse anagen skin cDNA. This protein had a significant homology with YHRO 16c/Ysc 84, the yeast Src homology 3 domain-containing protein. The sequence identity was remarkable at the carboxyl and amino-terminal Src homology 3 domain, suggesting that the novel protein is a mouse homolog of the yeast protein and thus was termed as SH3YL1. SH3YL1 is composed of two domains, a DUF500 at N-termini and a SH3 domain at C-termini. In our study we cloned the SH3 domain in bacterial expression system in Escherichia coli using pET32a vector with TEV protease cleavage site and purified as a monomer using affinity chromatography. The N-terminal poly-Histidine tag was cleaved with TEV protease and target protein was used for backbone studies. Our study showed that SH3 domain primarily consists of $\beta$-sheet which is in consistence with previous result performed on the truncated SH3 domain of SH3YL1.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1949-1957
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• 2013

The contents of ${\beta}$-carotene and retinol in processed and restaurant foods, such as Korean noodles, mandus, rice cakes and bread products, were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV/visible and fluorescence detector, respectively. Samples were collected from different local areas (i.e. Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsang-do, Seoul, Jeolla-do, and Chungcheong-do). After homogenization, samples were hydrolyzed by direct alkali saponification; thereafter, fat-soluble components were extracted by a mixture of n-hexane/ethylacetate (85:15, v/v), containing 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). ${\beta}$-carotene and retinol contents in infant formula used as an in-house material for the analytical quality control. Among 14 Korean noodles, high contents of ${\beta}$-carotene were found in Bibim-Guksu (average 442.43 ${\mu}g/100g$) and Jjolmyeon (average 301.39 ${\mu}g/100g$). In 4 Korean mandus, the highest contents of ${\beta}$-carotene was determined in Kimchi-mandu (average 197.64 ${\mu}g/100g$), resulting in 33.3 RE of the converted vitamin A. Among 12 Korean rice cakes, Maeun-Tteokbokki and Modm-Chaltteok contained relatively high content of ${\beta}$-carotene with 205.11 and 41.33 ${\mu}g/100g$, respectively, while retinol was detected only in Maeun- Tteokbokki (1.65~10.45 ${\mu}g/100g$). In addition, among 8 bread products, 77.3 RE of pastry, 51.2 RE of buttercream- bread, and 41.4 RE of morning roll were found as the contents of the converted vitamin A.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

To examine the structural properties of the proteoglycan (GMPG, Ganoderma lucidum mycelial proteoglycan) obtained from mycelia in Ganoderma lucidum IY009, we obtained the low and high molecular proteoglycan by ultrafiltration and sepharose CL-4B column chromatography. The physicochemical properties of these fractions were as follows. When the proteoglycan separated by ultrafiltration and sepharose CL-4B column chromatography, its was not fractionated completely. The molecular weight of high molecular proteoglycan by the gel column chromatography (CH) was 250 kD and 2,000 kD, and low molecular proteoglycan was 12kD. The total carbohydrate was consisted of 75.7% (UH) and 96.7% (CH), and the low fraction was 72.7% (UL) and 87.1% (CL), respectively. The sugar of high and low molecular proteoglycan composed of glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, xylose, ribose and arabinose. Glucose contents of all fraction were ranged from $46.9%{\sim}82.4%$ of the total sugar and the ratio of ${\alpha}$\;and\;{\beta}-glucose$ was $0.84{\sim}1.14$, and its indicated the proteoglycan to be ${\beta}-glucan$. Amino acids pattern showed that the fractions contained a large amount of aspartie acid, glutamic acid, alanine and leucine. These fractions showed the characteristics of IR absorption for ${\beta}-glucan$ at $890\;cm^{-1}\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$ spectroscopy showed the presence of the ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$ and a ${\beta}-1,6-glucan$.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.290-303
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• 1989

The activities of $\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-$\beta$-glucosaminidase were measured to investigate the relationships of them to sexual maturity. Peritoneal injections of testosterone and dibutyryl cAMP to rats were carried out. As a result, the activities of $\beta$-glucosidase and N-acetyl-$\beta$-glucosaminidase were significantly decreased from the third day and that of P -glucurondiase on the seventh day in the castrated groups. In addition, ihe activities of these three enzymes were significantly increased in the testosterone treated groups for 7 days. In case of dbcAMP injection, the activities of these three enzymes were similar to those of castrated groups or had a tendency to be decreased. On electron microscopic examination, principal cells, basal cells and narrow cells were observed in all regions of epididymis. Principal cells were general forms of columnar epithelial cells. Narrow cells had a number of small vesicles and light cells showed low electron density in comparison to other epithelial cells in cauda epididymis. Halo cells were migrating leucocytes btween epithelial cells.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.247-256
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical practice stress, practice satisfaction, and nursing image of nursing students with experience of Gerontological nursing practice and to identify factors affecting nursing image. Data were collected from 150 nursing students from September 1 to 23, 2016 and analyzed using SPSS / Win 23.0. Results showed, practise stress was 3.13, satisfaction, 3.14 and nursing image, 3.32. Correlation analysis revealed that there was negative correlation between practice stress and practicec satisfaction, practice stress and nursing image, and a positive correlation between nursing image and practice satisfaction. Meanwhile, the factor affecting nursing image was practice satisfaction (${\beta}=.602$) and the explanatory power was 40%. Therefore, effective nursing education and practical strategies are needed to improve the nursing image and practice satisfaction of Gerontological nursing practice of nursing students.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

This study examined the influence of nurse image, job value on the nursing professionalism of first year nursing students. Data were collected from May 7 to May 14, 2018 for 306 first year nursing students. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. The average degree of nursing image at 4.12, job value score of 3.12, and nursing professionalism score of 3.98. Nursing professionalism was positively correlated with the nursing image(r=.823, p<.001) and job value(r=.492, p<.001). The significant variables explaining nursing image(${\beta}=.760$, p=.000) and job value(${\beta}=.134$, p=.000) These factors explained 69% of nursing professionalism. It is necessary to provide education that consider the nursing image, job value of nursing students to help them establish an acceptable view of nursing professionalism.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1390-1394
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• 2005

Dimeric metallamacrocycles of 2 : 2 (metal-to-ligand) stoichiometry, [Pd{${\alpha},{\omega}$-bis(diphenylphosphino)oligothienylene}$Cl_2]_2$ 1-3 were prepared from a self-assembly reaction of $[Pd(CH_3CN)_2Cl_2]$ and ${\alpha},{\omega}$-bis-(diphenylphosphino)oligothienylene in 90-94% yields. The structures of metallamacrocycles 1-3 were determined by X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1$/n with a/$\AA$ = 12.0737(13), b/$\AA$ = 17.1993(18), c/$\AA$ = 13.0951(14) and ${\beta}/^{\circ}$ = 101.505(2). 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P with a/$\AA$ = 10.2634(4), b/$\AA$ = 19.7855(9), c/$\AA$ = 21.0851(9), ${\alpha}/^{\circ}$ = 63.1010(10), ${\beta}/^{\circ}$ = 86.5880(10), ${\gamma}/^{\circ}$ = 81.2280(10). 3 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P with a/$\AA$ = 10.4353(19), b/$\AA$ = 13.482(3), c/$\AA$ = 13.816(3), ${\alpha}/^{\circ}$ = 108.027(4), ${\beta}/^{\circ}$ = 90.461(4), ${\gamma}/^{\circ}$ = 93.261(4). The UV spectra of 1-3 were characterized.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.633-641
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to grasp relationship between obesity and dental caries. A research was performed by utilizing raw data of the 3rd year(2009) in the 4th term for Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a survey of health and nutrition in the national unit for the Republic of Korea. The research subjects are finally 7,393 people except the subjects with missing of variables relevant to obesity and dental caries among adults aged over fully 19 years old. Data analysis was used SPSS 18.0 program. As a result of analyzing with significant level in 0.05, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. Overweight(${\beta}$ = -0.12, p = .02) was indicated to be low in number of DT pieces compared to normality. 2. Obesity(OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.84) was indicated to be low in possibility of having DMFT compared to normality. 3. Overweight(${\beta}$ = -0.39, p = .02) and obesity(${\beta}$ = -0.70, p<.0001) was indicated to be low in number of DMFT pieces compared to normality. And to conclude, obesity(body mass index) and dental caries(DT, DMFT) were found to have negative correlation. A significant result was indicated even after adjusting confounding variables.