• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.209-217
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• 2019

This is a descriptive research study undertaken to confirm the relationship between depression, fear-avoidance beliefs, catastrophizing, and the quality of life in the elderly with chronic pain, and how psychological factors affect their quality of life. The subjects were 147 seniors aged 65 years or older, who visited a neuropathy clinic in A city from March 4, 2019 to March 18, 2019. Statistical analysis was achieved by applying t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 software. Considering the demographic characteristics of the elderly, quality of life revealed significant differences with respect to age (F=3.464, p<0.001), the presence of the spouse (F=3.464, p<0.001), health condition (t=4.545, p<0.001), and pain degree (F=14.76, p<0.001). Further analysis revealed that factors affecting quality of life in the elderly with chronic pain are depression (${\beta}=-0.25$, p<0.001), pain degree (${\beta}=0.25$, p<0.001), catastrophizing (${\beta}=-0.28,$p<0.001) and health condition $({\beta}=-0.19$, p<0.001), with a total explanation power of 49%. Hence, researches on the negative psychological factors, such as depression and catastrophizing, are required to improve the quality of life for the elderly. In addition, the development of a systematic nursing arbitration program is necessary to positively recognize active pain control and health conditions.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.18 no.1_2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

An Organometallic compound, $C_{16}H_{35}B_{10}IrS_2Si$, was synthesized from o-carborane, $Cp^*Ir(S_2C_2B{10}H_{10})$, and $Me_3SiCHN_2$. The molecular structure of this complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data : monoclinic, space group $P2_1/n$, $a=10.1986(12)\;{\AA}$, $b=14.834(5)\;{\AA}$, $c=17.139\;{\AA}$, ${\beta}=92.24(2)^{\circ}$, Z=4, $V=2591.0(14)\;{\AA}^3$. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix leat-squares methods to give a model with a reliability factor R=0.053 for 5080 reflections.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 1975

The crystal structure of piperidinothiosemicarbazide, $C_6H_{13}N_3S$, has been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The space group is P21/c with four molecules in the unit cell of dimensions $a=14.68{\pm}0.04,\;b=4.59{\pm}0.02,\;c=12.92{\pm}0.04{\AA}\;and\;{\beta}=109.4{\pm}0.2^{\circ}$. Three-dimensional photographic intensities were estimated visually. The structure has been solved by an interpretation of a Patterson synthesis and refined by block-diagonal least-squares methods to give a final R value of 0.14 for 378 observed independent reflections. There are two independent hydrogen bonds in the structure. One of them is of the type N-H${\ldots}$S with the length 3.28 and $3.39{\AA}$, and another is of the type N-H${\ldots}$N with the length $3.03{\AA}$. Apart from the hydrogen bonding system the molecules are held together in the crystal by van der Waals forces.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2011

As part of our ongoing study focused on the discovery of antioxidants from natural products by measuring the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, methanol extract of flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. was found to show potent antioxidant activity. Activity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract lead to the isolation of twenty compounds including two flavonol glycosides, quercertin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (12) and kaempferol-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (18), two flavanone glycosides, (2S)-4',5,6,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone 6-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (15) and (2R)-5,7,8',4-tetrahydroxyflavanone 8-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (16), and two acetylenic glycosides, 8Z-decaene-4,6-diyne-1-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (13) and 4,6-decadiyne-1-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (14). Their chemical structures were identified by using spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compounds 12-18 were tested in DPPH assay. Compounds 13-16 were first reported to their antioxidant activity. Quercertin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (12) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on DPPH with $IC_{50}$ value of 56.7 ${\mu}M$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 1986

$\beta$-SiC bonded SiC bodies were prepared from various conditions such as several compositions of(Si+C)/$\alpha$ -SiC ratio and different firing schedules and were respectively investigated compressive strength MOR and mi-crostructure. One firing schedule which produced the specimens that had $\beta$-SiC neck form with the highest strength was selected and experimented by each firing temperature. results obtained are as follows : 1) The amount of (Si+C) for th highest MOR of SiC-(Si+C) sintered body is 20wt% 2) By adding 20wt% content of (Si+C) and heating up to 1, 500 with soaking 3hrs respectively at 1,150$^{\circ}C$ 1,250$^{\circ}C$ 1,350$^{\circ}C$ and 1,400$^{\circ}C$ the highest MOR of fired specimen was resulted and its microstructure of ma-trix was composed of close $\beta$-SiC neck. 3) Microstructure of $\beta$-SiC were different greatly from each other by firing time and/or quantity of adding mix-ture and it was confirmed that they were composed of neck particle-like and heterogeneous texture. 4)$\beta$-SiC synthesis proceed rapidly at the temperature between 1,250$^{\circ}C$ and 1,350$^{\circ}C$ 5) All of the properties of 85 SiC-20(Si+C) specimen improved according to increasing temperature above 1,350$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.570-575
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• 2004

Three different strains of carotenoid accumulating XantlwphyUomyces dendrorhous mutants, JH1, JH2, and JH3, were isolated by NTG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) mutagenesis, which might potentially be useful for animal feed as well as for studies on the regulation and biosynthesis of astaxanthin. Mutants were selected based on the capability of growth and carotenoid production on the YM agar plate containing chemical inhibitor, $\beta$-ionone. Astaxanthin-overproducing mutant JH1 produced 4.032 mg astaxanthinlg dry cell weight, and this value was about 15-folds higher than that of wild-type. $\beta$-Carotene-overproducing mutant JH2 produced 0.273 mg $\beta$-carotene/g dry cell weight, and this was 4-folds increase from that of wild-type. In contrast, JH3 was a white-colored mutant that was unable to produce carotenoid pigment.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 1998

We identified S9940, a novel microbial metabolite from Streptomyces spp., to inhibit the release of neurotransmitter from PC12 cells. S9940 is an inhibitor of trifiated norepinephrine ([$^{3}H$]-NE) release in high $K^+$ buffer solution containing ionomycin, indicating that S9940 inhibits neurotransmitter release after the influx of $Ca^{2+}$ ions. We also examined the effect of S9940 on $\beta-glucuronidase$ release from guinea pig neurophils and the effect on the neurite extension of PC12 cells and rat hippocampal neurons. As a result, S9940 inhibited $\beta-glucuronidase$ release: when treated with $5{\mu}g/ml$ of S9940, which prevented [$^{3}H$]-NE release, the inhibition of neurite extension for both PC12 cells and rat hippocampal neurons was observed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2001

It is possible to count and perform quench correction on two ${\beta}$ -label samples so long as the maximum ${\beta}$-energies are sufficiently different. However, when 4he conventional technique is applied to the radioassay of a mixture of more than three nuclides, the reliability of the activities determined is considerably reduced, resulting from the large overlapping of liquid scintillation pulse height distributions of each nuclide. A technique that allows the activities of multiple ${\beta}$-labeled samples to be radioassayed was proposed by using the least square method. The technique was applied to mixture samples of $^3H,\;^{14}C,\;^{36}Cl$, and $^{90}Sr$. The analytical values were in good agreement with the reference values within 7% relative error.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2011

Background: Disparities of Minor H antigens can induce graft rejection after MHC-matched transplantation. H60 has been characterized as a dominant antigen expressed on hematopoietic cells and considered to be an ideal model antigen for study on graft-versus-leukemia effect. Methods: Splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice immunized with H60 congenic splenocytes were used for establishment of H60-specific CTL clones. Then the clones were characterized for proliferation capacity and cytotoxicity after stimulation with H60. Clone #14, #15, and #23 were tested for the TCR binding avidity to H60-peptide/$H-2K^b$ and analyzed for TCR sequences. Results: H60-specific CTL clones showed different levels of proliferation capacity and cytotoxic activity to H60-stimulation. Clones #14, #15, and #23 showed high proliferation activity, high cytotoxicity, and low activities on both aspects, respectively, and have TCRs with different binding avidities to H60-peptide/$H-2K^b$ with $t_{1/2}$ values of 4.87, 6.92, and 13.03 minutes, respectively. The TCR usages were $V{\alpha}12D-3-01+J{\alpha}11-01$ and $V{\beta}12-1-01+D{\beta}1-01+J2-7-01$ for clone #14, $V{\alpha}13D-1-02+J{\alpha}34-02$ and $V{\beta}13-1-02+D{\beta}2-01+J{\beta}2-7-01$ for clone #15, and $V{\alpha}16D+J{\alpha}45-01$ and $V{\beta}12-1-01+D{\beta}1-01+J{\beta}2-5-01$ for clone #23. Conclusion: The results will be useful for modeling GVL and generation TCR transgenic mouse.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

Background: Type I allergy is involved in allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis which are accompanied by an acute and chronic allergic inflammatory responses. Rehmannia glutinosa is a traditional medicine in the East Asian region. This study examined whether a Rehmannia Glutinosa pharmacopuncture solution (RGPS) had anti-allergic or anti-inflammatory effects in antigen-stimulated-RBL-2H3 cells. Methods: We determined the effect of RGPS on cell viability using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We also examined the effect of RGPS on the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase and the secretion of IL-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ using ELISA. In addition, we evaluated the effect of RGPS on the mRNA expression of various cytokines; IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and TNF-${\alpha}$ using RT-PCR. Furthermore, we assessed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}$B using Western blotting after RGPS treatment. Results: We found that RGPS ($10^{-4}$ to $10^{-1}$ dilution) did not cause any cytotoxicity. We observed significant inhibition of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release and suppression of the protein secretion of IL-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ and mRNA expression of multiple cytokines in antigen-stimulated-RBL-2H3 cells after RGPS treatment. Additionally, RGPS suppressed not only the phosphorylation of MAPKs, but also the transcriptional activation of NF-${\kappa}$B in antigen-stimulated-RBL-2H3 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that RGPS inhibits degranulation and expression of cytokines including IL-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ via down-regulation of MAPKs and NF-${\kappa}$B activation in antigen-stimulated-RBL-2H3 cells. In conclusion, RGPS may have beneficial effects in the exerting anti-allergic or anti-inflammatory activities.