• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to compare the quality of life for oral health between dental hygiene students and non-dental hygiene students in some areas and to analyze the factors affecting on it by using oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14). This study was carried out by surveys. Subjects for study were 248 undergraduate students, subjectively recognized oral health condition by subjects were periodontal disease and bad breath, and non-dental hygiene students recognized statistically significantly higher than dental hygiene students (p<0.001). Among the detail factors of OHIP-14, factor of decreased social ability was the lowest impact factor (p<0.01). The most influential factor on OHIP-14 was gender and age, grade of school and alcohol intake were influential in order (p<0.01).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.755-766
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• 2007

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare and quantify the expression of $PGE_2$, MMP-14 and TIMP-1 in the gingival tissues of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy adults of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption. Material and methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was devided into three groups. Group 1 (n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from systemically healthy 8 patients. Group 2 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption. Group 3(n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption associated with type 2 diabetes. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of $PGE_2$ MMP-14 and TIMP-1 were performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Results: The expressions of MMP-14 and TIMP-1 were showed increasing tendency in group 2 & 3 compared to group 1. The expressions of $PGE_2$, MMP-14 were showed increasing tendency in group 3 compared to group 1 and group 2. According to MMP-14 levels were increasing, $PGE_2$ showed increasing tendency in group 3, and although $PGE_2$, MMP-14 levels were increasing, TIMP-1 levels were similar expressed comparing to group 2. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the expression levels of MMP-14 and TIMP-1 had increasing tendency in inflammed tissue. It can be assumed that $PGE_2$ and MMP-14 may be partly involved in alveolar bone resorptive process and the progression of periodontal inflammation associated to type 2 DM.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation and influencing factors of oral health awareness, oral health behaviors, self-esteem and OHIP-14. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 313 childcare teachers in Jeonnam from June 4 to 14, 2013. The questionnaire consisted of 3 questions of general characteristics, 4 questions of occupation, 1 question of oral health education experience, and 1 question of oral health education participation. The instrument for awareness and behavior of oral health were modified and consisted of 10 questions of awareness and 10 questions of behavior by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.718 in awareness and 0.812 in behavior. Instrument for self-esteem was modified from Rosenberg. Self-esteem questionnaire consisted fo 5 questions of positive answers and 5 questions of negative answers by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach's alpha in self esteem was 0.846 in the study. Oral Health Impact Profile-14(OHIP-14) was adapted from Slade by Likert 5 scale and consisted fo 14 questions. Cronbach's alpha was 0.934 in the study. Data were analyzed by chi square test, t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffe multiple range test, Pearason's correlation test, and stepwise multiple regression test. Results: There were positive correlations between oral health awareness, oral health behavior(r=0.502), and self-esteem(r=0.332), but negative correlations with OHIP-14. Oral health behavior showed positive correlations with self-esteem(r=0.230). The factors on oral health awareness were high oral health behavior and self esteem, low OHIP-14, and active participation in education. Self-esteem was closely related to high with high oral health awareness. low OHIP-14, low job satisfaction. Conclusions: Childcare teachers play the very important roles in the development of oral health education program for children and continuous education.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 1997

In order to elucidate the degradation characteristics of the herbicide imazapyr in soil, mineralization to $^{14}CO_2$and adsorption were investigated using eight types of soils with the different physico-chemical properties. The results obtained were as follows: 1. During the incubation period of 12 weeks after the treatment of imazapyr, the amounts of $^{14}CO_2$ evolved from 8 types of soils with different properties ranged from 1.5 to 4.9% of the originally applied $^{14}C$ activities. Soil C, G, and H with low pH and high organic matter showed low $^{14}CO_2$evolution, whereas soil B and D with high pH and low organic matter did high $^{14}CO_2$ evolution. 2. Time for reaching the equilibrium concentrations in the adsorption experiment of imazapyr in soils was about 3 hours at $25^{\circ}c$ in soil C, D, G, and H. Imazapyr was adsorbed in the range of 0.25${\sim}$28.32% in soils with different physico-chemical properties. Among the soil parameters, organic matter content was the most influential in imazapyr adsorption on soil. The Freundlich adsorption coefficient $(K_f)$ increased 5.5 to 25.6 times as organic matter content increased 2.0 to 21.3 times. Hence it seems that the extent to which soil organic matter contributes to imazapyr adsorption is greater than that of clay mineral. $K_f$ values for the soils tested were 0.44, 0.08, 0.65, and 2.05 in soil C, D, G, and H, respectively. In all the soils tested, $K_f$ values had a strong resemblance to K_$K_d$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.29-33
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• 1969

1. The oxidizability of $NADPH_2$ by quinones in the presence of $NADPH_2$-diaphorase was tested under aerobic conditions. Also the $^{14}CO_2$-fixation rates were compared when Chlorella suspensions were pretreated with $3{\cdot}10^{-5}M$ cocentration of variou quinones for 10 minutes prior and during the $^{14}CO_2$-fixation period. 2. A close correlation seems to exist between the rate of $NADPH_2$ oxidation by quinones and the $^{14}CO_2$-fixation rate. The effect of quinones on $NADPH_2$ oxidation and $^{14}CO_2$-fixation were in the order of Dichlone>06-K>NQ>BQ. 3. It is postulated that the phytotoxicity of quinones on Chlorella is due to the deprival of $NADPH_2$ consequently inhibiting $^{14}CO_2$-fixation, thus causing death of the cells. 4. The effect of quinones on amino acids biosyn-thesis in Chlorella was one of depressed rates, which was especially noted in the case of dichlone. This would be expected from a consideration of $NADPH_2$ deprival and inhibition of $^{14}CO_2$-fixation. Sucrose synthesis was either not affected or rather stimulated, the reasons of which are not clear at the present time.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.465-472
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• 2021

Background: Ginseng can help regulate brain excitability, promote learning and memory, and resist cerebral ischemia in the central nervous system. Ginsenosides are the major effective compounds of Ginseng, but their protein targets in the brain have not been determined. Methods: We screened proteins that interact with the main components of ginseng (ginsenosides) by affinity chromatography and identified the 14-3-3 ζ protein as a potential target of ginsenosides in brain tissues. Results: Biolayer interferometry (BLI) analysis showed that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a ginseng saponin metabolite, exhibited the highest direct interaction to the 14-3-3 ζ protein. Subsequently, BLI kinetics analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay showed that PPD specifically bound to the 14-3-3 ζ protein. The cocrystal structure of the 14-3-3 ζ protein-PPD complex showed that the main interactions occurred between the residues R56, R127, and Y128 of the 14-3-3 ζ protein and a portion of PPD. Moreover, mutating any of the above residues resulted in a significant decrease of affinity between PPD and the 14-3-3 ζ protein. Conclusion: Our results indicate the 14-3-3 ζ protein is the target of PPD, a ginsenoside metabolite. Crystallographic and mutagenesis studies suggest a direct interaction between PPD and the 14-3-3 ζ protein. This finding can help in the development of small-molecular compounds that bind to the 14-3-3 ζ protein on the basis of the structure of dammarane-type triterpenoid.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2001

• Journal of Korean Electronics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-14
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• 1990

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• s.297
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• pp.14-14
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• 2001

• The Korean Chronic Disease News
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• no.10
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• pp.14-14
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• 1981