• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-115
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to provide basic data for clinical training program development by analyzing the operating conditions and satisfaction in a clinical training program for 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in South Korea. Methods: Data from 84 EMTs were collected on June 19, 2014. We administered a 64-item questionnaire about operating conditions and satisfaction in the clinical training program, and analyzed data (SPSS v 21.0). Results: The degree of performance in the field, importance of the item in the field, and level of difficulty were 3.36, 4.23, and 3.21, respectively. In the number of times that an item was directly performed according to the subjects' general characteristics a statistically difference in sex (p = .000), duty (p =.021), and total working time of trainees (p = .002). The subjects' total satisfaction score was 3.77. The difference in satisfaction according to the subjects' characteristics was a statistically significant in terms of sex (p = .016) and clinical training area (p = .005). Conclusion: A more efficient training system for hospital clinical training courses should be developed. The operation condition analyzed in this research may contribute to the improvement of the performance of EMTs.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

본 연구는 119구급대원의 근골격계 증상 호소율을 파악하고 증상 유소견자들에 대한 작업성 근골격계질환(WMSDs)을 유발하는 환자운반 작업에 대한 인간공학적 평가를 통해 작업 위험도를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 근골격계 유해요인 조사지침(KOSHA Code H-30-2008)을 활용한 설문도구를 이용하여 근골격계 증상 호소율을 파악하였으며, 환자운반 작업의 위험도는 인간공학적 평가도구인 OWAS, RULA, REBA를 이용하여 평가하였다. 연구결과 근골격계 증상 유경험자는 60.9%였으며 허리 부위의 증상 자각율(36.1%)이 가장 높았고 WMSDs을 유발하는 가장 큰 원인은 환자운반 작업(48.4%)이었다. 환자운반 작업의 인간공학적 위험도 평가 결과 주 들것을 구급차에 싣고 내리기, 들 것 장비를 이용하여 환자를 들어올리는 작업에서 OWAS는 3단계, RULA와 REBA는 3~4단계 수준이었고, 응급용들것으로 계단 이송, 척추고정판으로 차량내 환자 이동, 업거나 안고 계단이나 경사로를 이동하는 작업에서 OWAS, RULA, REBA 모두 3~4단계로 작업자세의 개선이 필요한 것으로 평가되어 119구급대원의 WMSDs 예방을 위해서는 즉각적인 작업자세의 개선이 요구된다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and assess the response capabilities and educational needs of 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in chemical accidents. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 167 119 EMTs between December 1st and December 31, 2023. The questionnaire comprised 8 questions on general characteristics, 2 on chemical accidents experienced by the participants, 29 on response capabilities, and 15 on educational needs. Data analysis was performed using t-tests, analysis of variance, Duncan's test for post-hoc analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, using SPSS 27.0. Results: The participants scored 2.69 points on response capacity to chemical accidents. The EMT-Paramedics scored high in 'patient triage,' 'patient treatment,' 'patient transport,' and 'collaborative support' (F=3.924, p=.010; F=5.843, p=.001; F=3.698, p=.013; F=5.272, p=.002), followed by educational experience (t=-4.962, p<.001; t=-2.685, p=.008; t=-3.455, p=.001; t=-3.593, p<.001; t=-3.034, p=.003). The participants scored 4.19 points on educational needs, with high scores for 'patients treatment and transport' (4.280.93). The scores for 'patient triage competency', and 'patient triage' (r=.169, p=.024) correlated positively. Furthermore, the scores for 'patient treatment competency' and all sub-factors of educational needs (r=.185, p=.013; r=.215, p=.004; r=.199, p=.008; r=.190, p=.011; r=.197, p=.008) correlated positively. Conclusion: To strengthen the response capabilities of 119 EMTs, it is imperative to develop an educational program that focuses on first-aid responses.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2015

Purpose: This study validated the influential relations between the effects of emergency care quality, credibility of 119 emergency medical technicians (119 EMTs), and perceived usefulness and attitude of emergency care, focusing on the moderating effect of protectors' characteristics (education, experience, age, and recognition of patient severity). Methods: This study was based on elaboration likelihood and technology acceptance models. In total, 172 protectors with experience in utilizing prehospital service were surveyed from April 1 to July 31, 2011. Results: The results showed that the emergency care quality and the credibility of 119 EMTs were the main determinants of the perceived usefulness and attitude of emergency care, irrespective of the protector's characteristics (p <.001). In addition, the findings showed that the protector's intention of emergency care had a moderating role. The impact of the quality of emergency care on its perceived usefulness was greater for high-level protectors (p <.001). By contrast, the impact of the credibility of 119 EMTs on the perceived usefulness of emergency care was greater for low-level protectors (p <.001). Conclusion: The protectors' characteristics have different influences on the relations between the effects of emergency care quality, the 119 EMT credibility, and the perceived usefulness and attitude of emergency care.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the rationality for and countermeasures against the use of prehospital patient restraint (PPR) techniques in efforts to limit violent behavior toward 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: Previous countermeasures to limit violent behavior toward 119 EMTs and medical personnel were focused on strict reactive and passive proactive responses. However, those in support of the countermeasures do not believe that violent and criminal behavior can be limited or extinguished by strengthening the punishment unconditionally. Results: When it comes to the far-reaching effects of stigmatization on people who engage in violent and criminal behavior, it is possible that unconditional punishment leads to more crime, increases the costs of imprisonment, and consequently, adds to the financial burden of the government. Conclusion: Thus, we are faced with an urgent need to prepare legal grounds for the use of PPR techniques by 119 EMTs for agitated or combative patients only, with direct medical oversight. Moreover, the legal foundation for the use of PPR techniques also needs to be established for emergency medical personnel. The use of PPR techniques not only ensures the safety of emergency medical services personnel, but also protects patients from injuring themselves and others.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2017

Purpose: This descriptive correlational study investigated the effects of violent experience and resilience on burnout in emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: The participants were 160 EMTs working in fire stations (safety center and local center) located in U, B, and D city. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test post-hoc analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Results: The number of EMTs getting into ambulances was significantly associated with violent experience, resilience, and burnout. Position of EMTs was significantly associated with both resilience and burnout. In the multiple regression analysis, the subscales of durability and optimism in resilience were significantly associated with burnout after controlling for confounding variables. Conclusion: This study indicated that improving durability and optimism in resilience was important to cope with experience of violence and to prevent burnout in EMTs.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2014

Purpose: This descriptive study examined awareness of and ethical attitudes associated with Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders in 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Method: In total, 255 paramedics and basic EMTs completed questionnaires between March and May, 2013. Data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results: A chi-square analysis revealed significantly different responses given by paramedics and basic EMTs: Paramedics gave "the reason in which DNR is not necessary", as being "due to unclear DNR decision time" whereas basic EMTs answered that this was "due to a legal problem" ($x^2$ = 12.680, p < .05). Paramedics disagreed with the statement, "It is natural for medical teams to have less interest in patients with DNT orders", whereas basic EMTs agreed with the statement ($x^2$ = 6.666, p < .05). Conclusion: A unified manual on attitude toward DNR orders, taking account of social and culture factors, needs to be developed. This research provides a base line for future research.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.301-313
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• 2010

2009년 3월 1일~4월 31일까지 광주광역시와 전라남도에 근무하는 119 응급구조요원 288명을 대상으로 병원 전 단계 에서 119 응급구조요원이 약물중독환자에게 실시하는 병원 전 응급처치의 지식과 수행 태도에 대한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 약물중독의 지식정도 평점은 10점 만점에 7.04점, 약물중독환자의 응급처치 수행 태도는 평점 4점 만점에 2.96점으로 응급처치 지식은 높으나 수행태도는 낮은 경향이었다. 또한 약물중독 환자에게 틀리게 응급 처치한 경우가 34.6%로서 환자의 생명에 직결되는 문제를 야기할 수도 있다. 수행 태도의 4개 하위 영역별로 살펴보면, 환자 상태파악 영역 3.52점$\pm$0.59, 환자처치 영역 2.95점$\pm$0.57, 환자예후 파악 영역 2.78점$\pm$0.75, 의료지도 업무수행 영역 1.67점$\pm$1.05의 순으로 의료지도 업무 수행영역이 가장 낮은 점은 시사하는 바가 크다. 즉 병원 전 단계의 의료지도가 중요하므로 향후 응급실의 응급의학 전문의 중 1인이 응급구조사로 부터 환자상태를 보고 받으면 투약과 처치를 지도하는 병원-응급구조대 연계체계의 구축이 바람 직하다. 약물중독환자에 대한 지식은 연령, 성별, 지역별 근무지에 따라 차이가 있었다. 응급처치 수행 태도는 성별, 지역별 근무지, 교대 근무 형태, 학력, 올바른 응급처치, 연수 여부 별로 차이가 있었다. 대상자인 119 응급구조요원의 약물중독 보수교육률과 연수률이 낮았고 약물중독에 관한 전문교육요구는 높았다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 병원 전 단계 약물중독환자에 대한 응급구조사의 지식은 높지만, 수행 태도에서 환자 상태파악은 잘 하고 있었으나, 환자예후 파악과 의료지도 업무는 정확하게 수행하지 못하고 있었다. 본 연구는 향후 응급구조사와 119 응급구조요원에 대한 반복적인 술기 중심 응급처치 연수를 통한 응급구조사의 질 향상과 병원 전 단계 약물중독 환자 지침서 개발에 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 본다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2024

Purpose: This study compared the relative importance of educational content, teaching methods, and evaluation methods in the patient assessment curricula of 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: First, we identified the educational content, training hours, and teaching and evaluation methods of the existing patient assessment curriculum based on the National Competency Standard learning module. Second, we surveyed 30 EMTs affiliated with 119 services using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Subsequently, we compared the differences between the current curriculum and the AHP analysis results. Results: Currently in operation, the "Advanced EMT Course" comprises three learning modules: assessment of patient status, scene size-up and triage, and assessment using monitoring devices. Among these, content related to the assessment of patient status received the most allocated time and was deemed the most important according to the AHP survey results. Conversely, while less time was allocated to scene size and triage compared with assessment using monitoring devices, the former was assessed as more important than the latter in the AHP results. Furthermore, scenario-based team training and procedure-focused individual practice were evaluated as relatively important teaching methods, while practical examination using a checklist was deemed the most appropriate evaluation method for all learning content. Conclusion: To improve the patient assessment curriculum, we propose adjusting teaching hours and introducing new teaching and evaluation methods based on the results of relative importance. The proposed improvement plan will contribute to enhancing the competency of 119 EMTs.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess 119 emergency medical technicians' perception of child abuse, attitudes towards mandatory reporting, and perceptions of mandatory reporting system, and to promote early reporting. Methods: The questionnaire was filled out by one hundred ninety 119 EMTs with paramedic or nurse licenses. The questionnaire consisted of 53 items with responses based on a five-point scale. Data were collected from July 10 to July 31, 2018, and were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24.0 software. Results: The average score for 119 EMT's perception of child abuse was 3.76. The average score for positive attitude towards mandatory reporting was 3.63, and the average score for negative attitude towards mandatory reporting was 2.63. The average score for perceptions of the mandatory reporting system was 3.50. There was a significant positive correlation between perception of child abuse and positive attitude towards mandatory reporting (r=.244, p=.001), between perception of child abuse and perceptions of the mandatory reporting system (r=.209, p=.004), and between positive attitude towards mandatory reporting and perceptions of mandatory reporting system (r=.336, p=.000). Conclusion: Systemic educational programs for 119 EMTs on perception of child abuse and reporting are needed. It is very important to establish institutional strategies such as the use of checklist for suspicion of child abuse, procedural simplicity after reporting, and protection of reporter information.