• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

The purpose of this investigation is to enhance the survival rate of patients by transporting them to the hospital within the golden hour through the operational improvement of emergency dispatch instruction. To this end, problems and improvements of current operating system were derived by carrying out a survey against paramedics of Incheon city in 2012 and analyzing the current emergency dispatch instruction. This study analyzed the emergency activity daily reports for one year from January 1 through December 31, 2012 and researched the consciousness of 119 emergency medical technician. According to the analysis of the survey, there were no meaningful differences in the on-site arrival times per triage. Therefore, the item of 'Emergency Classification' specified in the emergency dispatch instruction needs to be integrated in the scheme of "triage". Also, the feedbacks of the emergency action log and the emergency dispatch instruction are necessary for 'duty for operation' to review the adequacy to the severity after the end of emergency operation. Finally, the improvement of the system for the continuous communication between the paramedics and the command staff is necessary. This improvements as stated above are expected to contribute to raise survival rate of patients.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.127-139
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• 2004

This study aims to examine the relative importance of various tasks of EMT and to examine knowledge level and problems associated with AED. It is based on the survey of paramedics and 119 rescures. The results for this study were as follows ; Among the tasks of EMT, 'foreignbody removal from mouth' were rated as the most important, followed by '$O_2$ supply', 'CPR', 'Intubation for CPR', '$O_2$ supply' were rates as the most necessary, followed by 'foreignbody removal from mouth', 'external bleeding control'. In terms of the knowledge level about AED, survey respondents are most knowledgeable about 'role of other rescures during the preparation for AED' and 'treatment after 3 AEDS. The most important reason that the uses of AED is delayed is 'unclear boundary of treatment directed by medical control'. The results of the study suggest that we need guideline for EMT's tasks, efficient communication system between 119 and emergency health are center for prompt AED, and training and education program for AED.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2117-2124
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• 2012

This is the study of actual condition and improvement on emergency medical treatment by 119 emergency medical service personnel. The subjects in this study were 299 emergency medical service personnel. Data were collected from May 1 to August 31 of 2010, and analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program. The major area of study of them were study of emergency medical services 41.5%, study of nursing 10.0%, fire fighting related studies 15.4%, health related studies 1.0%, and others 32.1%. The certificate of them were 1st class emergency medical technician(EMT) 38.1%, 2nd class EMT 33.8%, nurse 9.4%, first aid education 14.0%, and others 4.7%. Frequency of Prehospital emergency care, oxygen supply(274), splint apply(229), spinal immobilization(229), external bleeding control(223), medication(7), intravenous(4). Professionally trained EMT makes possible to secure high quality emergency medical treatment in the prehospital phase. Therefore, it is essential for the quality improvement of prehospital emergency care that well trained EMT ride on the ambulance together and take the responsibility for the treatment and transferring of emergency patients. In order to improve the proficiency of 119 emergency medical services personnel, it is also necessary to provide continuous job training programs for the prehospital emergency medical treatment.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.28-41
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• 2000

Since a few years ago, great disasters have often took place in domestic and abroad, such as Sampoong Department store collapse, Sea-land disaster accident, Incheon Hof fire accidents. Whenever a lot of accidents occurred such as fire, gas explosion, traffic accident, mountain accident, various disease, people required 119 first aid service. As the result, even for the last year, average 2,608 person per day were temporary treated and carried to near hospital by 119 system. But first-aid team or first grade EMT(emergency medical technician) that should provide high quality service and save important lives, might have negatively treated or made their duty only for simple transfer, when they were imminent of emergency case in every kinds of accident spot. Because they worried about medical dispute for "task restriction for EMT" decided by medical laws or rules of first aid. So it was proposed that "task restriction for EMT" should be mitigated or released in the possible range on this occasion.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.50-66
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• 2007

An Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) is a well-trained emergency responder to provide emergency medical services to the critically ill and injured patient. In various situations, EMT may destroy potential physical evidences associated with the crime scene or determination of real cause of death. This study was aimed to evaluate the educational need of forensic medicine in Korean EMT. Questionnaires were administered to 592 EMTs during March 2007. The response rate was 60.3%(357 EMTs). In questionnaires there were 13 questions regarding the general characteristics, 16 questions about roles of EMTs related with forensic circumstances, 9 questions about the education related to forensic medicine. Questionnaires rated on a 4-point Likert scale or 5-point Likert scale. Most of 119 rescue EMTs had experienced with situations related to crime or unexpected sudden death. EMTs had arrived to the scenes earlier than police and complained of some difficulties related with deficit of forensic knowledge. EMTs wanted to receive continuous educations about forensic medicine. In order to reduce dissatisfaction with EMTs roles and to improve crime scene preservations, Emergency Medical Services policies should provide regular educational curriculum by forensic pathologists and promote legal responsibilities for 119 rescue EMTs.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.54-60
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• 2012

This study is the analysis of the actual state of hospital-based training in level 1 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in fire station. The survey was carried out to 42 fire fighters having level 1 emergency medical technician certification from May 11 to 12 in 2012. The results showed 56.5 %, that the level 1 EMTs of roles had direct experienced. Level 1 EMTs performance frequency of clinical practice that endotracheal intubation 66.9 %, laryngeal mask airway 8.4 %, intravenous access 76.6 %, nitroglycerin sublingual 61.2 %, bronchodilator inhalation 50.0 %, fluid loading 73.8 %, ventilator apply 57.6 %, dextrose injection 57.6 %. It is necessary to investigate the continuous study on the education among the level 1 EMTs and the continuous evaluation and analysis of problems, supplemented of guidebook, practical education programs and regulation upon the operation and management of a hospital-based skill training.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2259-2266
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• 2012

This study was analyzed the 119 rescuers' image of citizens to provide a fundamental material to improve 119 rescuers' image effectively. This research design was a descriptive study. Data were collected from November 9, 2011 to December 9, 2011, and analyzed by SPSS PASW statistics 18.0 program. Among the 4 subcategories of the image, occupational image was found the highest value($3.17{\pm}0.36$), and the social image($2.81{\pm}0.48$) was found the lowest. There were statistical different between age($p$ <.001), occupation($p$ <.001), whether or not the emergency first response education is completed($p$ <.05), and whether or not 119 emergency service is received($p$ <.05). In the result of multivariate regression analysis, adjusted $R^2$ value was 0.120. The model fit 12.0%. Occupation (students, housewives and office workers) and those who completed emergency first response education were showed a positive image of 119 rescuers. There is a need to compare and analyze the image of 119 rescuers in accordance with whether or not 119 emergency service is received and the satisfaction with the emergency service under the control of the general characteristics(sex, age, occupation, economic level, etc.) of subjects.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to survey the job-related empowerment and job satisfaction of 119 emergency medical technicians provide emergency patients with first aid, to examine the correlation between their empowerment and job satisfaction, and to provide basic materials for developing programs to enhance 119 emergency medical technicians' empowerment and job satisfaction. Methods : The survey was conducted with 249 119 emergency medical technicians working at fire stations in an area of Gyeonggi-do during the period from June 26 to August 21, 2009. Using SPSS 14.0 program, we obtained frequencies percentages, means, and standard deviations, and performed independent two sample t-test, one way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results : 1) The mean score of the subjects' empowerment was 3.32, and that of their job satisfaction was 2.94. 2) As to difference according to general characteristics, no statistically significant difference was observed in empowerment but job satisfaction was statistically significantly different according to gender(t = 2.296, p = .023). 3) As to difference according to job related characteristics, empowerment was significantly different according to license type(F = 3.767, p = .011), and job satisfaction was statistically significantly different according to position(t = 3.222, p = .042), fire fighting experience(t = 2.689, p = .035), and first aid experience(t = 3.991, p = .007). 4) Empowerment was in a positive correlation with job satisfaction(r = .502, p = .000) in general, and by the sub areas of job satisfaction, the correlation with empowerment was high in order of job itself(r = .695, p = .000), interaction area(r = .493, p = .000), organizational demand area(r = .328, p = .000), working condition area(r = .153, p = .015), and wage area(r = .137, p = .031). By the sub areas of empowerment, the correlation with job satisfaction was high in order of significance(r = .424, p = .000), influence(r = .397, p = .000), competence(r = .372, p = .000), and self determination(r = .259, p = .000). Conclusion : The 119 emergency medical technicians' empowerment was in a high correlation with their job satisfaction, and had a strong effect on it. This suggests that 119 emergency medical technicians' job performance can be enhanced by improving their empowerment. These results are expected to be useful in making human resource management plans to enhance 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction by empowering them.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 1996

This study aims to provide information about the acute poisoning patients transferred by 119 ambulance service for nurses and emergency medical technicians. The data is based on 119 ambulance services patients charts of Seocho area in Seoul. The results were as follows: 1. Total number of emergency patients all over the country has been nearly fourtimes in 1995 compared to 1991. Total number of emergency patients were 322.051 in 1994. 2. About $35\%$ of total E.R. patients were transferred by 119 ambulance services in Seoul in the last 5years. Acute drug intoxication patients occupied $2-3\%$ of E.R. patients in Seoul. 3. About $4\%$ of E.R. patients in Seoul were transferred by 119 E.R. services of Seocho area in Seoul in 1995. Among them $2.4\%$ patients were drug intoxication patients. 4. Data were collected from available patients of 119 ambulance services from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1995 in Seocho area. Total poisoning patients were 184. - The female/male ratio was 69.7:30.4 and most of patients$(69.7\%)$ were in the age of 20th and 30th. - The busy time of calling 119 ambulance service was from 6P.M. to midnight$(37.5\%)$ - It took within 10 minutes for patients$(62.8\%)$ from notification to arrival in hospital. - Regarding poisoning substances. hypnotics $(22.8\%)$, tranquilizer$(14.7\%)$, agricultural agents$(6.0\%)$ rodenticide$(27\%)$ and others $(10.3\%)$ were in order and unknown were $43.5\%$. - Most of the patients or protector $(72.8\%)$ chose hospitals. Among them $(87.3\%)$ were general hospital. - The most predominant symptoms were coma$(22.3\%)$. dizziness$(6.5\%)$ and then allergy. vomiting. gastrointestinal cramps etc. - Airway management and oxygen administration together was the main medical control of prehospital emergency medical services$(33.7\%)$. It is proposed that first, a systematic survey of drug intoxication patients must be conducted to give an appropriate prehospital emergency care for the emergency medical technician and second, a wide and regular public education to improve understanding of first aids should be undertaken.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.99-113
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• 2008

In order to protect Rescue 119 workers exposed on the spot from potential infection, this study identified their awareness and practices of infection control so that it could help preventing them from infection and also provide basic materials necessary for pre-hospital infection control. This study applied questionnaire survey to total 215 Rescue 119 workers at fire stations in Jeonbuk province, Jeonnam province and Gwangju city from July 14 to Sept. 14, 2006 for the benefit of data collection. The questionnaire about possible associations between awareness and practices of infection control consisted of total 46 times across 6 categories such as washing hands during emergency activities ; fluid therapy and injection ; respirator maintenance; individual hygienics ; disinfectant supplies and equipments maintenance ; and control of infectious wastes. And collected data were processed using SPSS statistic program to analyze frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test and one-way ANOVA. As a result, this study came to the following conclusions : In terms of awareness about infection control, our respondents showed highest awareness about infectious waste control, and also showed highest level of practices in washing hands during emergency activities. Throughout all domains, awareness means were higher than practice means. In particular, infectious waste control was the domain of significant differences between awareness and practices. In terms of associations between awareness and individual characteristics, it was found that female rescue worker group and hospital/general hospital career group (before joining the Rescue 119) showed significantly higher awareness on statistic level. In regard to associations between individual characteristics and practices, it was found that female rescue worker group showed higher level of practices than male group on statistic level. This study also analyzed correlations between rescue workers' awareness and practice of infection control. As a result, it was found that the higher awareness was in correlations with the higher practices across all 6 domains including washing hands. In addition, the higher awareness of a questionnaire item was in significantly positive correlations with the higher practice of other items. However, our respondents showed high awareness about anti-infection, but low practices in reality. This indicates necessity of devising possible solutions to improve the practices as much as awareness. Especially, it was noted that major reasons for insufficient practices of infection control guideline come from unhabituated practices and lack of supports for infection-preventing supplies and protective device (mask, etc). Hence, it is necessary to provide more infection-preventing supplies for local rescue workers sufficiently, in parallel with steady habituation of infection control. Furthermore, it is required to manage and study infection control policies even at pre-hospital step in efforts for effective infection control, education and activities.