• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2010

This study was intended to analyze the clinical characteristic of the patient with hypoglycemia and the status of prehospital treatments by 119 emergency medical technicians well as the cause of inappropriate emergency treatment by 119 emergency medical technicians in a bid to seek the measures for improvement, thereby enhancing the emergency medical services before medical treatment at hospital. Examination of the daily work log on 430 patients suffering with hypoglycemia who were sent to the university hospital in Gyunggi-Province by 119 emergency medical technicians, beginning on Jan 1, 2004 till Dec 31. 2008 was carried out and the survey of 206 119 emergency medical technicians working at the region of Gyunggid-Province was conducted from Sep 19 through Oct 6, 2009. Evaluation of the frequency and percentage and ANOVA analysis using SPSS WIN 14.0 program was carried out. In view of the examination of daily emergency work log and questionnaire, prehospital treatment for the patients with hypoglycemia needs to be further improved in general, and to provide the emergency treatment in accurate and timely manner, improvement of the system such as assignment of licensed rescue members and development of protocol that will replace the medical consultant system, mandatory emergency treatment, constant and efficient training and maintenance of emergency rescue records shall be implemented, and furthermore, social recognition to 119 emergency medical technicians shall be improved to encourage them to perform more positive way and manner.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to survey the job satisfaction and turnover intention of 119 emergency medical technicians who are fire fighters and, at the same time, provide emergency patients with first aid, to examine the correlation between their job satisfaction and turnover intention, and to provide basic materials for the human resource management of 119 emergency medical technicians. Method : The survey was conducted with 152 119 emergency medical technicians working at fire stations in an area of Gyeonggi-do during the period from July 15 to September 14, 2009. Job satisfaction was measured with a tool developed by Kim Sun-sim and Kwon Hye-ran (2002) based on the Index of Work Satisfaction, and turnover intention with the tool developed by Becker (2002) and translated and used by Cho Yeong-sook (2002). The questionnaire was composed of 11 questions on general characteristics, 35 on job satisfaction, and 4 on turnover intention, so a total of 50 questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.922$ for job satisfaction and Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.854$ for turnover intention. Using SPSS 14.0, we obtained frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, and performed independent two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results : 1) The mean score of the 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction was 2.71, and that of their turnover intention was 2.64. By area of job satisfaction, the mean score was 3.44 for the area of job itself, 2.92 for the interaction area, 2.67 for the organizational demand area, 2.64 for the autonomy area, 2.14 for the wage area, and 1.91 for the working condition area, showing that emergency medical technicians were generally satisfied with their job itself but not with their working condition. 2) As to difference according to the 119 emergency medical technicians' general characteristics, statistically significant difference was observed in job satisfaction according to license type (F = 4.729, p < .010), and in turnover intention according to position (F = 3.768, p < .025). 3) The 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction and turnover intention was in a negative correlation with each other (r = -.44, p < .000) in general, and by the sub-areas of job satisfaction, the correlation with turnover intention was high in order of the autonomy area (r = -.42, p = .000), interaction area (r = -.42, p = .000), job itself (r = -.35, p < .000), organizational demand area (r = -.30, p = .000), wage area (r = -.23, p = .000), and working condition area (r = -.21, p = .008). Conclusion : The 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction showed a negative correlation with their turnover intention. This suggests that turnover intention can be reduced by improving job satisfaction. Furthermore, 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction was high with the job itself, showing their high pride in their job, but was low with working condition and wage. Thus, it is necessary to enhance their job satisfaction by improving the 24-hour work system through supplementing manpower, compensating for overtime works, adjusting work hours per week, etc. These results are expected to be useful in making human resource management plans to lower turnover intention by enhancing 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2020

이 연구는 119구급대원의 라이프 케어를 위하여 스트레스 대처와 직무스트레스 간의 관계에서 극복력의 매개효과를 확인하여 119구급대원의 직무스트레스를 감소시키는 방안을 모색하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 시도되었다. 이 연구의 자료수집기간은 2019년 10월 5일부터 10월 31일까지 약 4주간이었고, 연구대상자는 G 광역시 119안전센터에서 근무하는 119구급대원 205명이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0 ver. for Window 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis, Sobel test를 실시하였다. 연구결과 유형별 스트레스 대처와 직무스트레스와의 관계에서 극복력의 매개효과 분석에서는 사회적지지, 긍정적 사고 대처유형과 직무스트레스와의 관계에서 극복력의 매개효과는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 문제해결 대처유형과 직무스트레스와의 관계에서 극복력은 완전매개하였고, 회피 대처유형과 직무스트레스와의 관계에서는 부분매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 119구급대원의 라이프 케어를 위하여 직무스트레스를 감소시키기 위해서는 문제해결 대처유형은 극복력을 향상시킬 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 통해 직무스트레스를 감소시켜야 하며, 회피 대처유형은 직무스트레스를 감소시킬 수 있는 교육 프로그램과 극복력을 향상시킬 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 병행하여 실시하는 것이 가장 효과적이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing strategic programs based on 119 emergency medical technicians leadership perception types. Methods: The subjects were thirty six 119 emergency medical technicians working for out-of hospital in Jeollanam-Do, Korea. Data were collected from July 20, 2017 to October 30, 2017. Q sample of 40 statements and P sample of 36 persons using PC QUANL software. Results: Three types of leadership styles were identified from the explanation (71.5% of the variables). The relationship oriented progressive type (the most common), the performance and value oriented type (the second most common), and the experience oriented filed participation type (the third most common). Conclusion: The fire department will need to develop and implemented leadership improvement programs based on the leadership types in order to meet the organization's goals.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of emergency medical services(EMS) is to save human lives and assure the completeness of the body in emergency situations. Those who have been qualified on medical practice to perform such treatment as there is the risk of human life and possibility of major physical and mental injuries that could result from the urgency of time and invasiveness inflicted upon the body. In the emergency medical activities, 119 emergency medical technicians mainly perform the task but they are not able to perform such task independently and they are mandatory to receive medical direction. The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition and request for medical direction by 119 emergency medical technicians in order to provide basic information on the development of medical direction program suitable to the characteristics of EMS as well as for the studies on EMS for the sake of efficient operation of pre-hospital EMS. Method : Questionnaire via e-mail was conducted during July 1-31, 2010 for 675 participants who are emergency medical technicians, nurses and other emergency crews in Gyeongbuk. The effective 171 responses were used for the final analysis. In regards to the emergency medical technicians' scope of responsibilities defined in Attached Form 14, Enforcement regulations of EMS, t-test analysis was conducted by using the means and standard deviation of the level of request for medical direction on the scope of responsibilities of Level 1 & Level 2 emergency medical technicians as the scale of medical direction request. The general characteristics, experience result, the reason for necessity, emergency medical technicians & medical director request level, medical direction method, the place of work of the medical director, feedback content and improvement plan request level were analyzed through frequency and percentage. The level of experience in medical direction and necessity were analyzed through ${\chi}^2$ test. Results : In regards to the medical direction experience per qualification, the experience was the highest with 53.3% for Level 1 emergency medical technicians and 80.3% responded that experience was helpful. As for the recognition on the necessity of medical direction, 71.3% responded as "necessary" and it turned out to be the highest of 76.9% in nurses. As for the reason for responding "necessary", the reason for reducing the risk and side-effects from EMS for patients was the largest(75.4%), and the reason of EMS delay due to the request of medical direction was the highest(71.4%) for the reason for responding "not necessary". In regards to the request level of the task scope of emergency medical technicians, injection of certain amount of solution during a state of shock was the highest($3.10{\pm}.96$) for Level 1 emergency rescuers, and the endotracheal intubation was the highest($3.12{\pm}1.03$) for nurses, and the sublingual administration of nitroglycerine(NTG) during chest pain was the highest($2.62{\pm}1.02$) for Level 2 emergency medical technicians, and regulation of heartbeat using AED was the highest($2.76{\pm}.99$) for other emergency crews. For the revitalization of medical direction, the improvement in the capability of EMS(78.9%) was requested from emergency crew, and the ability to evaluate the medical state of patient was the highest(80.1%) in the level of request for medical director. The prehospital and direct medical direction was the highest(60.8%) for medical direction method, and the emergency medical facility was the highest(52.0%) for the placement of medical director, and the evaluation of appropriateness of EMS was the highest(66.1%) for the feedback content, and the reinforcement of emergency crew(emergency medical technicians) personnel was the highest(69.0%) for the improvement plan. Conclusion : The medical direction is an important policy in the prehospital EMS activity because 119 emergency medical technicians agreed the necessity of medical direction and over 80% of those who experienced medical direction said it was helpful. In addition, the simulation training program using algorithm and case study through feedback are necessary in order to enhance the technical capability of ambulance teams on the item of professional EMS with high level of request in the task scope of emergency medical technicians, and recognition of medical direction is the essence of the EMS field. In regards to revitalizing medical direction, the improvement of the task performance capability of 119 emergency medical technicians and medical directors, reinforcement of emergency medical activity personnel, assurance of trust between emergency medical technicians and the emergency physician, and search for professional operation plan of medical direction center are needed to expand the direct medical direction method for possible treatment beforehand through the participation by medical director even at the step in which emergency situation report is received.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 119구급대원의 행위태도, 주관적 규범 및 지각된 행위 통제가 안전의도와 안전행동에 관한 구조적 관계 모형 검증을 규명하기 위하여 서울, 인천, 강원, 대구, 충남, 경북, 부산에 거주하고 있는 소방공무원 중 119구급대원으로 활동하는 남녀 373명 대상으로 조사하였다. 수집된 자료처리는 Windows용 SPSS 2.1과 Amos 16.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계를 실시하였고, 가설 검정을 위해 구조방정식 모형분석을 실시하였다. 모든 통계분석은 유의수준 p<.05로 설정하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, '구급대원의 행위 태도가 안전 의도와 안전 행동에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 행위 태도가 안전 의도와 안전 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(t=.32, p<.001). 둘째, '구급대원의 주관적 규범이 안전 의도와 안전 행동에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 주관적 규범이 안전 의도와 안전 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(t=.27, p<.001). 셋째, '구급대원의 지각된 행위 통제는 안전 의도와 안전 행동에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 지각된 행위 통제가 안전 의도와 안전 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(t=.28, p<.001). 넷째, '구급대원의 안전 의도는 안전 행동에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 안전 의도가 안전 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.(t=.39, p<.001).

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to survey the job-related empowerment and job satisfaction of 119 emergency medical technicians provide emergency patients with first aid, to examine the correlation between their empowerment and job satisfaction, and to provide basic materials for developing programs to enhance 119 emergency medical technicians' empowerment and job satisfaction. Methods : The survey was conducted with 249 119 emergency medical technicians working at fire stations in an area of Gyeonggi-do during the period from June 26 to August 21, 2009. Using SPSS 14.0 program, we obtained frequencies percentages, means, and standard deviations, and performed independent two sample t-test, one way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results : 1) The mean score of the subjects' empowerment was 3.32, and that of their job satisfaction was 2.94. 2) As to difference according to general characteristics, no statistically significant difference was observed in empowerment but job satisfaction was statistically significantly different according to gender(t = 2.296, p = .023). 3) As to difference according to job related characteristics, empowerment was significantly different according to license type(F = 3.767, p = .011), and job satisfaction was statistically significantly different according to position(t = 3.222, p = .042), fire fighting experience(t = 2.689, p = .035), and first aid experience(t = 3.991, p = .007). 4) Empowerment was in a positive correlation with job satisfaction(r = .502, p = .000) in general, and by the sub areas of job satisfaction, the correlation with empowerment was high in order of job itself(r = .695, p = .000), interaction area(r = .493, p = .000), organizational demand area(r = .328, p = .000), working condition area(r = .153, p = .015), and wage area(r = .137, p = .031). By the sub areas of empowerment, the correlation with job satisfaction was high in order of significance(r = .424, p = .000), influence(r = .397, p = .000), competence(r = .372, p = .000), and self determination(r = .259, p = .000). Conclusion : The 119 emergency medical technicians' empowerment was in a high correlation with their job satisfaction, and had a strong effect on it. This suggests that 119 emergency medical technicians' job performance can be enhanced by improving their empowerment. These results are expected to be useful in making human resource management plans to enhance 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction by empowering them.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2004

This study selected emergency medical technicians at 24 fire police boxes in Jeonnam in order to examine the relationship between job stress, fatigue and job satisfaction of 119 emergency medical technicians. Data were collected from Apr. 10 to May 9, 2004, questionnaires were mailed and returned by mail. Total 109 questionnaires were distributed and 89 questionnaires were collected and 80 except 9 omitting answers and showing inappropriate answers were used for final analysis. The results of this study are as follows. A. The total mean of areas composing job stress in the degree of job stress of 119 emergency medical technicians was over the average as 2.54 (SD .44) of 4 full marks. According to the degree of job stress by each area, the highest area of job stress was crisis situation (2.98), followed by role conflict as professional job (2.58), social factors (2.57), involvement in organization (2.55). To the contrary, the areas of the lowest job stress were professional knowledge and technique (2.35), psychological burden of medical limitation (2.38), conflicts in personal relationship and services (2.45) and improper treatment (2.53). B. The degree of fatigue of 119 emergency medical technicians by areas was over mean as 2.09(SD .49) of 4 full scores and physical fatigue was highest (2.18), followed by mental fatigue (2.11) and neurosensory fatigue (1.99). C. The degree of job satisfaction of 119 emergency medical technicians was 2.71 of 5 full scores and working condition area (3.70) showed the highest job satisfaction, followed by requirement of organization (2.85) and the lowest job satisfaction area was job itself (2.18), followed by desire for job (2.49). D. According to differences in demographical characteristics of 119 emergency medical technicians, there was no variable of statistical difference at job stress and job satisfaction in significance level .05, but fatigue showed statistical difference at final education (F=2.393, p=.046). E. According to differences related to job characteristics of 119 emergency medical technicians, job stress showed statistical differences at motif of current services (F=4.935, p=.003), fatigue showed those at health conditions (F=2.732, p=.008), job satisfaction at overtime (F=3.038, p.034) and the greatest reason of having job (F=3.217, p=.017), F. As a result of analyzing correlations between job stress. fatigue and job satisfaction of the subject, job stress showed positive correlations (r=.411, p=.000) with fatigue and negative correlation (r=-.267, p=.008) with job satisfaction. Fatigue showed negative correlation (r=-.287, p=.005) with job satisfaction. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study. "There will be relationship between degree of stress, fatigue and job satisfaction of subjects." was supported.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing strategic programs based on the types of perception to aid in the coping strategy of 119 emergency medical technicians who experienced have violence. Methods: The subjects were 119 emergency medical technicians working out of hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from March 10, 2019, to June 30, 2019. Q samples of 37 statements and P samples of 36 persons were taken using PC QUANL software. Results: As a result of the study, four types of coping with violence experiences were identified; these four types explained 53.79% of all variables from the examination. The types were labeled as the cooperation seeking and manual emphasis type, emotional suppression and stability seeking type, active response and business continuation type, communication empathy and recovery effort type. Conclusion: The Fire Department requires institutional measures to lower violence during field activities, and it will be necessary to develop a policy according to the type of perception of coping behaviors.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a violent experience and job stress on burnout and to investigate the factors that affect burnout in female 119 emergency medical technicians. Methods: Data from 189 female EMTs were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. The analyses included descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Results: Burnout was positively correlated with a violent experience in female 119 EMTs. Violent experience (β=.39, p<.001) were a significant predictor of burnout in 15.2% of female 119 EMTs. Conclusion: A violent experience is identified as a significant factor affecting burnout in female 119 EMTs. Therefore, it is necessary to impart education to female 119 EMTs on effectively coping with violence.