• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.17-35
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate basic data on preceptor's core competencies required for junior 119 paramedics to improve the quality of emergency care in the prehospital field. Methods: From February 23 to March 10, 2021, data were collected through structured mobile questionnaires from 163 paramedics working in Sejong, Daejeon, and Chung Nam fire stations. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The average score of core competencies for junior 119 paramedics accounted for the importance of core competency (3.92 points), level of competence (3.43 points), educational needs (3.65 points). Among them, the importance of a role model accounted for 4.02 points, the highest among the sub-areas. Additionally, there was a significant correlation (r=.686), which was the highest, between the importance and educational needs of core competency; therefore, higher the importance of core competency, higher are the educational needs. Conclusion: Preceptor's core competencies concern three domains: role model, socialization facilitation, and instructional design. It would be more effective for those with higher professionalism and professional self-development needs to be trained as a prehospital preceptor.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.71-86
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was to examine the influence of job stress of 119 Emergency Medical Technician on fatigue and job satisfaction. Methods : Subjects of this study were 228 Emergency Medical Technicians who worked at 119 Safety Center of total 92 fire stations in 12 cities of Gyeonggido including U, N, H, B, A, S, Y, G, G, G, P and I and the period of data collection was from July 11 to Sep. 10, 2007. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 14.0 version. Results : Conclusions of this study were as follows. 1) Factor related to organization among job stress factors had the greatest influence on fatigue (B = 0.334, p < 0.01), followed by crisis situation factor (B = 0.2042, p < 0.01), inappropriate treatment factor (B = 0.174, p < 0.05), role conflict factor as special job (B = 0.109, p < 0.05) and professional knowledge and technique factor (B = 0.109, p < 0.05), and the influence of job stress factors on fatigue was explained as $R^2=0.340$. 2) Mental burden factor of job stress factors had the greatest influence on job satisfaction (B = -0.606, p < 0.01), followed by organization factor (B = -0.473, p < 0.01) and interpersonal relation and conflict factor (B = -0.339, p < 0.01), and the influence of job stress factor on fatigue was explained as $R^2=0.308$. Conclusions : Job stress of 119 rescuer is increasing continuously and such an accumulated stress lowers the job efficiency. In order to reduce, job stress, it is important to extend(${\rightarrow}$ have) proper self-development, maintain close relationships and mutual correlations among members of organization in personal dimension and to solve the role conflicts, define the organizational roles and simplify excessive job description into concrete work.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.760-766
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• 2014

This study was performed to determine the effect factors in the survival of cardiac arrest patients. This study involved 4,092 cardiac arrest patients of K province, who were transported by 119 during 2010. The data collection involved using 119 rescue daily reports, cardiopulmonary arrest patients emergency treatment detail reports and 119 paramedics survival data. In conclusion, 119 rescue's interventions in the patients with pre-hospital cardiac arrest have significantly increased survival rates. 119 rescue's interventions included early defibrillation, oxygen supply, airway open, and intravenous access affected significantly survival rate. Therefore there is need to increase 119 rescue's interventions performance to improve survival rate of cardiac arrest patients.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1997

This study of the positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs among 119 Emergency Medical Technicians and Rescuers who were working in Pohang, Kyoung-Buk, Korea was performed from March to June 1997 according to three methods of EIA, RPHA and PHA. The number of samples were 201. The results were as follows; The overall positive rate of HBs Ag by EIA and RPHA methods were 4.98%, 5.47%, the overall positive rate of anti-HBs by EIA and PHA methods were 58.71%, 63.68%. In detecting of HBs Ag, concurrence rate, sensitivity, specificity and predictability of PHA to EIA were 99.5%, 90.9%, 100% and 99.75% respectively. In detecting of anti-HBs, concurrence rate, sensitivity, specificity and predictability of PHA to EIA were 91.04%, 89%, 94.5% and 89.87% respectively. Based on this study, there were no significant diffrences in the positive rates of HBsAg and Anti-HBs in 119 Emergency Medical Technicians and Rescurers in Pohang, Korea as compared with the general population according to other studies. In terms of concurrence rate, sensitivity, specificity and the costs of RPHA with EIA for detecting HBsAg, RPHA is more cost effective than EIA for mass screening of HBsAg detection. Also, In terms of concurrence rate, sensitivity and specificity of PHA with EIA, PHA is more cost effective and less problems of procedure than the EIA for mass screening of Anti-HBs detection.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) by evaluating ergonomic risk factors of patient lifting work-postures. Methods: Four procedures were evaluated: using long back-board (LBB) on the sitting and standing main stretcher, using variable stretcher on the sitting and standing main stretcher. Wok-postures were assessed during training. Results: In using LBB on the sitting main stretcher, the OWAS-score was Mode:3 (Mean:2.30, Maximum:3), the REBA-score was Mode:9 (Mean:7.61, Maximum:11), requiring improvement soon. In using LBB on the standing main stretcher, the OWAS-score was Mode:3 (Mean:2.33, Maximum:3), requiring as soon as possible corrective action, the REBA-score was Mode:6 (Mean:5.44, Maximum:11), requiring improvement. In using variable stretcher on the sitting main stretcher, the OWAS-score was Mode:1 (Mean:1.85, Maximum:3), not requiring corrective action, the REBA-score was Mode:6 (Mean:6.78, Maximum:11), requiring improvement. In using variable stretcher on the standing main stretcher, the OWAS-score was Mode:3 (Mean:2.84, Maximum:3), requiring as soon as possible corrective action, the REBA-score was Mode:11 (Mean:9.38, Maximum:11), requiring immediate improvement. Conclusion: All four-procedures showed improvement in work-posture. Thereby, required attention and management in training, occupational health professionals should participate in change of lifting-method, and programs aimed at preventing MSDs should be developed and implemented in fire-academy and fire-station.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.157-163
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• 2019

Purpose: Advanced airway maintenance improves the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. In this study, we evaluate the factors associated with advanced airway management while performing CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients by 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: The observational analysis method was used ro retrospectively collect data from 119 rescue run sheets. This study was conducted in a fire station in Seoul, Korea. The subjects of this study were defined as OHCA patients who received CPR from July 2016 to June 2018. We divided the subjects into two groups according to whether advanced airway maintenance was performed or not, and then compared and analyzed both groups. We performed logistic regression analyses for characteristics that differed significantly between groups. Results: Out of 188 OHCA patients, 146 (77.7%) had received advanced airway management. Statistically significant differences in the logistic analysis were found regarding the total number of EMT professionals (adjusted odds ration [aOR]: 1.955; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.227-3.115; p=0.005) and scene-time (aOR:1.119;95%CI:1.019-1.228;p=0.019). Conclusion: Advanced airway maintenance while performing CPR for OHCA patients by EMT associated primarily with ensuring an adequate numbers of EMT professionals and sufficient scene time.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.33-44
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• 2024

Chungbuk has various regional characteristics in terms of population composition by region, industrial facilities, and distribution of emergency medical institutions. However, there are no studies yet that have analyzed regional characteristic factors related to the occurrence characteristics of cardiac arrest patients. Therefore, this study provided basic data to establish a response system for OHCA patients suitable for the characteristics of the Chungcheongbuk-do region by analyzing the characteristics of OHCA patients and the transfer status of 119 paramedics in Chungcheongbuk-do. This study is a retrospective study that analyzed 1,188 cardiac arrest patients transferred by ambulance based on raw data from the survey on acute cardiac arrest in Chungbuk (2020). There are a total of 11 emergency medical institutions in Chungbuk-do, which are concentrated in city-level areas, so the transfer time of patients to hospitals in county-level areas was delayed. In the county-level area, the frequency of dispatch of special paramedics was relatively small, and the frequency of administration of cardiac arrest drugs to help resuscitate cardiac arrest patients was also low. In conclusion, efforts should be made to improve accessibility of emergency medical services (deployment of emergency vehicles in marginal areas, proper placement of emergency medical institutions, etc.), to promote prevention of traumatic cardiac arrest patients, and to expand the scope of work to strengthen the first aid expertise of paramedics.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2017

Purpose: The study investigated the perception, report, and education of elder abuse in 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in Korea. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to 110 EMTs in K city, and 100 answers were collected from June 1 to 10, 2015. The study instrument was perception regarding elder abuse and education inventory developed by Kim and Kim. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 version. Results: The elder abuse perception score was 3.81 on a Likert 4-point scale. Physical abuse was the most common type, followed by verbal, financial, negligence, and emotional abuse. Most EMTs recognized that is important for the prevention of elder abuse, but most of them had no experience in reporting abuse. A majority of the EMTs had attended an elder abuse program and recognized the importsnce of such program. Conclusion: This study suggests the necessity of more targeted education of elder abuse prevention combined with family counseling methods and practical approach toward awareness of elder abuse.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.169-186
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the data from public information disclosure about pre-hospital advanced airway management and identify the problem by considering domestic laws and guidelines. Methods: Data were collected between 2017 and 2018 and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Then, the problems of the analysis results based on the relevant laws and practical guidelines were reviewed. Results: The review of domestic laws and practice guidelines revealed that ambulance nurses can implement supraglottic airway device only under the following three conditions: ① smart advanced life support pilot project area, ② trained to insert I-Gel, and ③ member of a special ambulance. In total, 21,574 cases of advanced airway management (endotracheal intubation: 2,428, I-Gel: 18,502, LMA : 499, KING AIRWAY: 144) were reported. In many cases, advanced airway management was performed by ambulance nurses who did not meet the above conditions, which was in violation of laws and guidelines. In addition, the prognosis of intubated patients was not followed up. Conclusion: The Korea National Fire Agency must stop all unlicensed medical practice by untrained, uneducated, and uncertified nurses and demand quality control programs for intubated patients.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to survey the job satisfaction and turnover intention of 119 emergency medical technicians who are fire fighters and, at the same time, provide emergency patients with first aid, to examine the correlation between their job satisfaction and turnover intention, and to provide basic materials for the human resource management of 119 emergency medical technicians. Method : The survey was conducted with 152 119 emergency medical technicians working at fire stations in an area of Gyeonggi-do during the period from July 15 to September 14, 2009. Job satisfaction was measured with a tool developed by Kim Sun-sim and Kwon Hye-ran (2002) based on the Index of Work Satisfaction, and turnover intention with the tool developed by Becker (2002) and translated and used by Cho Yeong-sook (2002). The questionnaire was composed of 11 questions on general characteristics, 35 on job satisfaction, and 4 on turnover intention, so a total of 50 questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.922$ for job satisfaction and Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.854$ for turnover intention. Using SPSS 14.0, we obtained frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, and performed independent two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results : 1) The mean score of the 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction was 2.71, and that of their turnover intention was 2.64. By area of job satisfaction, the mean score was 3.44 for the area of job itself, 2.92 for the interaction area, 2.67 for the organizational demand area, 2.64 for the autonomy area, 2.14 for the wage area, and 1.91 for the working condition area, showing that emergency medical technicians were generally satisfied with their job itself but not with their working condition. 2) As to difference according to the 119 emergency medical technicians' general characteristics, statistically significant difference was observed in job satisfaction according to license type (F = 4.729, p < .010), and in turnover intention according to position (F = 3.768, p < .025). 3) The 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction and turnover intention was in a negative correlation with each other (r = -.44, p < .000) in general, and by the sub-areas of job satisfaction, the correlation with turnover intention was high in order of the autonomy area (r = -.42, p = .000), interaction area (r = -.42, p = .000), job itself (r = -.35, p < .000), organizational demand area (r = -.30, p = .000), wage area (r = -.23, p = .000), and working condition area (r = -.21, p = .008). Conclusion : The 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction showed a negative correlation with their turnover intention. This suggests that turnover intention can be reduced by improving job satisfaction. Furthermore, 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction was high with the job itself, showing their high pride in their job, but was low with working condition and wage. Thus, it is necessary to enhance their job satisfaction by improving the 24-hour work system through supplementing manpower, compensating for overtime works, adjusting work hours per week, etc. These results are expected to be useful in making human resource management plans to lower turnover intention by enhancing 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction.