• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

Black rockfish larvae and juveniles were reared for 95 days after parturition (DAP) in order to determine four enzyme activities (trypsin, pepsine-like enzyme, lipase, amylase) during ontogeny. Larvae were fed rotifers Brachionus plicatilis from 1 to 25 DAP, Artemia nauplii from 10 to 78 DAP and then gradually changed to pelleted feed from 30 DAP. Temperature was kept between $13.5{\sim}14.9^{\circ}C$. Trypsin and lipase activities were found in 2 DAP larvae ($7.0{\pm}1.5$ unit and $4.5{\pm}1.4$ unit, $mean{\pm}SD$, respectively). The evolution of both enzymes activities showed a profile marked by drastic increases between postflexion and juvenile stage. There is an increment on specific trypsin activity at 10 DAP, corresponding with the beginning of Artemia feeding. Pepsin-like enzyme activity was found at 11 DAP and increased drastically from 56 DAP, cor-responding with the initiation of juvenile stage. Amylase activity was also found at 11 DAP and maintained at a low level up to 38 DAP followed by a drastic increase from 39 DAP to 50 DAP. Considering our results of both trypsin and pepsin-like enzyme activities, it might be concluded that higher somatic growth of Sebastes inermis could be possible with the initiation juvenile of stage and the early juvenile stage is a suit-able period for feeding an artificial diet for fish.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2000

We establish a sufficient condition for a simple closed curve in the Euclidean plain $\mathbb{R}^2$, the unit sphere $S^2$ or the hyperbolic plane $H^2$ to be the boundary of a metric ball.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.415-418
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• 1994

Let G be a compact Lie group and let $S^1$ denote the unit circle in $R^2$ with the standard metric. Since every smooth compact Lie group action on $S^1$ is smoothly equivalent to a linear action (cf. [3J TH 2.0), we may think of $S^1$ with a smooth G-action as S(V) the unit circle of a real 2-dimensional orthogonal G-module V.(omitted)

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.850-853
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• 2006

Four bent-core compounds were synthesized introducing ester linking group into mesogenic unit, varying the central unit with 1,6-, 1,7-, 2,3-, and 2,7-naphthylenes, and placing the dodecyloxy group in the terminal flexible unit. The structures of four compounds were identified by FT-IR and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy, and the results were in accordance with expected molecular formula. The mesomorphic properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 1997

Effects of order misspecification on statistical behavior of unit root tests are studied. We derive the limiting distributions of the Dickey-Fuller test statistics whose numerators are of the form c .int. W dW + .kappa. where W is a standard Brownian motion on [0, 1] and c is a real number. The term .kappa. is a major consequence of order misspecification and its explict expression is derived. Based on an analysis of .kappa., effects of order misspecification on unit root tests for AR(2), ARMA(1, 1), and AR(3) models are investigated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1985

Manddelberg [9] has shown that a Clifford algebra of a free quadratic space over an arbitrary semi-local ring R in Brawer-Wall group BW(R) is determined by its rank, determinant, and Hasse invariant. In this paper, we prove a corresponding result when R is a full ring.Throughout this paper, unless otherwise specified, we assume that R is a commutative ring having 2 a unit. A quadratic space (V, B, .phi.) over R is a finitely generated projective R-module V with a symmetric bilinear mapping B: V*V.rarw.R which is non-degenerate (i.e., the natural mapping V.rarw.Ho $m_{R}$(V,R) induced by B is an isomorphism), and with a quadratic mapping .phi.: V.rarw.R such that B(x,y)=1/2(.phi.(x+y)-.phi.(x)-.phi.(y)) and .phi.(rx) = $r^{2}$.phi.(x) for all x, y in V and r in R. We denote the group of multiplicative units of R by U9R). If (V, B, .phi.) is a free rank n quadratic space over R with an orthogonal basis { $x_{1}$,.., $x_{n}$}, we will write < $a_{1}$,.., $a_{n}$> for (V, B, .phi.) where the $a_{i}$=.phi.( $x_{i}$) are in U(R), and denote the space by the table [ $a_{ij}$ ] where $a_{ij}$ =B( $x_{i}$, $x_{j}$). In the case n=2 and B( $x_{1}$, $x_{2}$)=1/2 we reserve the notation [a $a_{11}$, $a_{22}$] for the space. A commutative ring R having 2 a unit is called full [10] if for every triple $a_{1}$, $a_{2}$, $a_{3}$ of elements in R with ( $a_{1}$, $a_{2}$, $a_{3}$)=R, there is an element w in R such that $a_{1}$+ $a_{2}$w+ $a_{3}$ $w^{2}$=unit.TEX>=unit.t.t.t.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 2002

The structure of a single crystal, grown by a slow cooling a melt of $Ca_{1.29}Bi_{0.14}VO_4$ composition, was analyzed. The crystals belong to the rhombohedral space group R3c and the dimensions of the unit cells are a = 10.848(1)${\AA}$, c = 38.048(6)${\AA}$, V = 3877.6(8)${\AA}^3$ for the pale yellow crystal, and a = 10.857(1), c = 38.063(6)${\AA}$, V = 3885.6(8)${\AA}^3$ for the yellow crystal, respectively. Unit cell dimensions of the crystal were larger than those of the host crystal, $Ca_3(VO_4)_2$, owing to the Bi that replaced Ca in the unit cell. Ca in the unit cell formed six, eight and nine coordinated polyhedra with O atoms and Bi replacing Ca entered the eight or nine coordinated Ca sites with different crystallographic environments in the unit cell. All the V in the unit cell formed four coordinated tetrahedra with O atoms, however V-O bond lengths in the tetrahedra were different from one another.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.206-211
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• 2001

In order to overexpress constitutively the Kluyveromyces marxianus exoinulinase gene (INUI) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, four episomal expression systems employing GAPDH, ADHI, PGK and ENOI promoters were constructed as p YIGP aADHI -INU, pPGK-INU, and pENOI- INU plasmids respectively, When S cereviais transformants harboring each plasmid were batchwisely cultivated in the fermentor containing 5% glucose medium no significant differences in the cell growth are observed How- ever the experession level of exoinulinase and plasmid stability showed a strong dependency on the promoter employed. The expression levels of exoinulinase were about 1.70 unit/ml for GAPDH promoter 1.67 unit/ml for PGK promoter, 1.29 unit /ml for ADH1 promoter, and 0.80 unit/ml for ENOl promoter. The plasmid stabilites were maintaines above 80% in all experession systems. except the GAPDH promoter system of 55%, Based on the plas- mid stability and expression level of exoinulinase the ADHl and PGK promoter system were selected for the fed - batch culture to overproduce exoinulinase By the intermittent feeding of yeast extract and glucose, both promoter systems gave the cell concentration of about 30 g-dry cell weight/1 byt the maximal exoinulinase activity of 3.70 unit/ml and plasmid stability of 96% in the ADH1 promoter were higher than those (2.70 unit/ml, 80%) of PGK sys- tem Taking into account the plasmid stability and extended culture time the ADH1 promoter systems would be the most feasible expression systems for the constitutive overproduction of exoinulinase through high cell-density fed- batch cultures using non-selective rich medium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2017

This study is to estimate the circuity factors which can be used to assess for public facilities accessibility and analyze traffic in the area. We set the range of the administrative districts by Si Gun Gu unit and Eup Myeon Dong unit (more subdivided unit than Si Gun Gu unit). The average circuity factor in Si Gun Gu unit is 1.364 (maximum 2.953 and minimum 1.711). The region indicated the highest value of circuity factor is wando-gun in jeollanam-do, which area consists of 4 island and is connected to the bridges. Having to use the bridges for using public facilities hinders its accessibility. In the case of Eup Myeon Dong unit, the average circuity factor is 1.353 (maximum 2.950 and minimum 1.154). The region indicated the highest value of circuity factor is buksan-myeon in chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do. This region also has to use bridges for using public facilities because there is the largest lake, called Soyangho. This circuity factor is used to analyze the location of public facilities and assess vulnerability of accessibility. And also the factor can be applied to some policies, such as rural public service planning based on spatial big data.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2006

The optimum cultural conditions for production of Monascus natural pigment by Monascus purpureus MK2 were investigated in submerged culture. This strain was showed the maximum production of monascus natural pigment in the optimal medium of 3.0% wheat flour, 0.15% $NaNO_3$, 0.2% $K_{2}HPO_4$ and 0.05% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_{2}O$, at pH 7.0. The maximum production of this pigment was achieved at $30^{\circ}C$ for 7 day cultivation under 130 rpm shaking. At optimal condition, Monascus purpureus MK2 produced 29.10, 36.84 and 48.92 units of yellow, orange and red pigment, respectively.