• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2017

The physicochemical properties and schizandrin contents of various solvent ($H_2O$, 50% EtOH, 75% EtOH, 95% EtOH) extracts from residue after Omija juice was investigated using total polyphenol contents (TOC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (RAS), anthocyanin contents (ANC), and schizandrin contents level (SCL). Total polyphenol contents, radical scavenging activity, and anthocyanin contents of 50% EtOH extract were the highest among all residue after Omija juice extracts, and was 16.70 mg/mL in the TOC and 86.16% in the DPPH-RAS. This meant that 50% EtOH extract from residue after Omija juice had more available antioxidant matters. As extraction time increases all extract treatments significantly reduced in the ANC contents (p <0.05). Amount of the SCL were observed higher value in 95% EtOH extract of residue after Omija juice.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.290-293
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• 2007

Cassumunar ginger (Zingiber montanum Roxb.) was grown in the experimental field at the Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Thailand. The antioxidant activity and volatile oil content of rhizomes of varying age were measured. Antioxidant activity as determined using the DPPH (diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method differed significantly between samples of different ages. Antioxidant activity and rhizome age were positively correlated, with 22-month old rhizomes showing the highest radical scavenging activity (79.19%). Volatile oil was obtained by steam distillation of fresh rhizomes. The extraction yield of volatile oil was highest in l6-month old rhizomes (13.02 mL/kg). GC-FID data indicated the presence of three major compounds, sabinene, terpinen-4-ol and (E)-1-(3',4'-dimethylphenyl) butadiene (DMPBD), however none of the major components were correlated with the age of rhizome.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.448-453
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• 2000

During the screening of inhibitors of caspase-3 induction in U937 human monocytic leukemia cells from natural sources, Petasites japonicum, which showed a high level of inhibition was selected. The inhibiting compound was purified from the methanol extract by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC. The inhibitor was identified as [3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxopropyl]ester, petasiphenol, by spectroscopic methods of UV, EIMS, $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$ and HMBC. It showed a caspase-3 inducing inhibitory activity at $8\;{\mu}g/ml$ of $IC_{50}$ value with DNA fragmentation inhibition in U937 human leukemia cells. It also showed a free radical scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.863-867
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• 2004

Antioxidative activities of pine (Pinus denstifora) needle extracts were tested in vitro experimental models. The concentration of total polyphenolic compound of water extracts from pine needle was 1.61 %. In DPPH ($\alpha$, $\alpha'$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl) method, the electron donating activity of 0.1 % water extracts from pine needle was as high as BHT (0.05%, w/v). The antioxidative activity was measured by inhibition against lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsome, and this activity was shown in the following: 67.7% at 0.1% concentration >63.1% at 0.05% concentration > 28.2% at 0.01% concentration. In antioxidative activity determined by thiocyanate method against lipid peroxidation using linoleic acid, the antioxidative activities at all concentration of 0.01 %, 0.05% and 0.1 % were much higher than control during 7 days. In TBA method, the antioxidative activity was increased with increasing concentration until 6 days. These results support that water extracts from pine needle contain antioxidative compounds.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.161-171
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated the whitening and anti-oxidant activity of 37 Jeju island native plants. The active ingredients of the plants were prepared by methanol extraction. Whitening activity of plant extracts was examined from the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase and the inhibition of melanin synthesis of the B16-F1 cell line. Their anti-oxidant activity was measured by electron donating ability of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging activity in V79-4 lung fibroblast cells using DCF-DA (dichlorofluorescin diacetate). Cytotoxicity of the extracts on cell s based experiments was investigated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Also, the toxicity test using a rabbit and the human skin patch test were carried out for examining the safety of the extracts which showed the high whitening activity. It is interesting that the extracts of Lespedeza cuneata, Ligustrum lucidum (stem), Morus bombycis (stem) and Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina showed both potent whitening and anti-oxidant activities.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.159-167
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the potential promise of Chamaecyparis obtusa oil as a natural antioxidant. C. obtusa oil and its fractions were subjected to screening for their antioxidant activities by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and ammonium thiocyanate method. In the first case, $IC_{50}$ value of the C. obtusa oil was determined as $40{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$. At $0.5{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$ concentration level, free radical scavenging effect of fraction G determined as 66.94% was the highest among the fractions of C. obtusa oil. In the ammonium thiocyanate method, essential oil of C. obtusa and its fraction C, D, and E showed activities of 72.0%, 71.2%, 71.9% and 71.1%, respectively. Fraction G, most active fraction, was mainly consisted of $\alpha$-terpineol, elemol, widdrol and $\alpha$-cadinol.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

P. linteus (Korea Sanghwang, PLKS) and P. baumii (Jangsoo Sangwhang, PBJS) were artificially cultivated under the same conditions. Fruiting bodies were extracted using 70% methanol, 60% ethanol, and hot water. Phenol and flavonoid contents were optimally extracted using 60% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of 60% ethanol extracts from fruiting bodies and mycelia from each Sanghwang mushroom species were measured using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbisthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities, and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). The antioxidant activities of fruiting bodies were relatively higher in comparison to those of mycelial samples. In high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, styrylpyrone-class poly phenolic compounds, davallialactone, hispidin, hypholomine B, and inoscavin A were detected in fruiting body samples of two Sanghwang mushroom species, but not in their mycelial samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2018

This study examined the changes in antioxidant activity and contents of phenolic compounds inblanched, steamed, and autoclaved burdock root (BR). The total polyphenolic and flavonoids contents of raw and cooked BR were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity of BR was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The main phenolic compounds in BR were quantified by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Both blanching and steaming treatments significantly increased the antioxidant activities of BR in all groups (5 min, 15 min, and 30 min), whereas in autoclaving treatment, the 30 min treatment only showed an increase in the antioxidant activities of BR. The 30 min blanched BR exhibited the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and possessed the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid phenolic contents. The 15 min-steamed BR showed the highest ORAC value. The main phenolic compound of the 15 min-steamed BR was CGA (chlorogenic acid). These results suggest that heat cooking methods, such as blanching and steaming, improve the antioxidant activity of BR by increasing the concentration of phenolic compounds.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2010

We evaluated the antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies extracted with acetone, methanol, and hot water. The antioxidant activities were tested against $\beta$-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, and ferrous chelating ability. Furthermore, phenolic acid and flavonoid contents were also analyzed. The methanol extract showed the strongest $\beta$-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition as compared to the other exracts. The acetone extract (8 mg/mL) showed a significantly high reducing power of 1.54 than the other extracts. The acetone extract was more effective than other extracts for scavenging on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. The strongest chelating effect (85.66%) was obtained from the acetone extract at 1.0 mg/mL. The antioxidant activities of the extracts from the P. ostreatus fruiting bodies increased with increasing concentration. A high performance liquid chromatography analysis detected seven phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin, and biochanin-A in an acetonitrile and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (5 : 1) solvent extract. The total phenolic compound concentration was $188{\mu}g$/g. Tyrosinase inhibition of the acetone, methanol, and hot water P. ostreatus extracts increased with increasing concentration. The results revealed that the methanol extract had good tyrosinase inhibitory ability, whereas the acetone and hot water extracts showed moderate activity at the concentrations tested. The results suggested that P. ostreatus may have potential as a natural antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.518-523
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• 2016

This study investigated the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of dry bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, carbohydrate, and ascorbic acid contents of dry bitter melon were 6.10%, 3.31%, 1.08%, 2.31%, 87.20%, and 908.84 mg/100 g, respectively. Potassium was the most abundant mineral, followed by Mg, P, Na, Ca, Zn, Cu, and Mn, which means dry bitter melon was an alkali material. Regarding amino acid contents, dry bitter melon was rich in arginine, urea, asparagine, ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid, and alanine. Total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of dry bitter melon extract were 36.08 mg gallic acid equivalents/extract g and 15.66 mg tannic acid equivalents/extract g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ value for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was 9.81 mg/mL for dry bitter melon ethanol extracts.