• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.891-895
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate enhancement of antioxidant activities of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge fruit by different extraction processes. Extracts were SE (stirrer extraction; 70% ethanol extract at $25^{\circ}C$, control), RE (reflux extraction at $60^{\circ}C$), and USE (ultrasonification for 3 h at $60^{\circ}C$ with 70% ethanol), respectively. Compared to SE, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in USE increased to 104.03% and 302.4%, respectively. USE showed the highest activity at 1.0 mg/mL concentration for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Our results suggest that extracts from the ultrasonification process have relatively high antioxidative activities, and that fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge could be considered as a candidate functional antioxidant agents. These results would be useful for chemical and biological studies on natural plants and its products.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

In this study, Tongue fern (Pyrrosia lingua) plants that have been used traditionally as medicines. Their traditional medicinal uses, regions where indigenous people use the plants, parts of the plants used as medicines. This study was designed to assess the antioxidant and inhibition activities of extracts from P. lingua. In the P. lingua extracts was measured ethanol activity, 80.0% ethanol was high activity. The antioxidant activity was measured in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), assays. DPPH and ABTS radical in this experiment, solid and phenolic of extract were tested, but only an average concentration of 100 ㎍/mL was used. However, the phenolic extract is shown phenolic activity reached a peak. Also, phenolic extracts ware reached peak water and ethanol extracts. As a result, using the phenolic extracts did other antioxidant assays such as DPPH, ABTS, protection factor, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances at 50-200 ㎍/mL concentrations. The activity of elastase and collagenase, inhibiting their activities may retard skin aging. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase, inhibitors need to be explored for the benefit of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. Activities of tyrosinase, hyaluronidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors of these enzymes are increasingly important ingredients in cosmetics and medications to protect the skin against hyperpigmentation and skin aging. Inhibition effects were investigated using the P. lingua extracts at 50-200 ㎍/mL concentrations. The expression levels of enzyme inhibitions activities were decrease in dependent-concentrations manner when P. lingua extracts were treated.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

We have screened the cytoprotective effect on $\gamma$-ray radiation induced oxidative stress from eighteen Korean plant extracts. Querus salicina, Clerodendron trichotomum, Lamium amplexicaule, Lozoste lancifolia and Malus baccata were found to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a result, extracts of these plants reduced cell death of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells induced by $H_2O_2$ treatment. In addition, these extracts protected cell death of V79-4 cells damaged by $\gamma$-ray radiation. In addition, these extracts scavenged ROS generated by radiation. Taken together, the results suggest that Quercus salicina, Clerodendron trichotomum, Lamium amplexicaule, Lozoste lancifolia and Malus baccata protect V79-4 cells against oxidative damage by radiation through scavenging ROS.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenosides, which are bioactive components in ginseng, can be converted to smaller compounds for improvement of their pharmacological activities. The conversion methods include heating; acid, alkali, and enzymatic treatment; and microbial conversion. The aim of this study was to determine the bioconversion of ginsenosides in fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE). Methods: Red ginseng extract (RGE) was fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11613P. This study investigated the ginsenosides and their antioxidant capacity in FRGE using diverse methods. Results: Properties of RGE were changed upon fermentation. Fermentation reduced the pH value, but increased the titratable acidity and viable cell counts of lactic acid bacteria. L. plantarum KCCM 11613P converted ginsenosides $Rb_2$ and $Rb_3$ to ginsenoside Rd in RGE. Fermentation also enhanced the antioxidant effects of RGE. FRGE reduced 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power; however, it improved the inhibition of ${\beta}$-carotene and linoleic acid oxidation and the lipid peroxidation. This suggested that the fermentation of RGE is effective for producing ginsenoside Rd as precursor of ginsenoside compound K and inhibition of lipid oxidation. Conclusion: This study showed that RGE fermented by L. plantarum KCCM 11613P may contribute to the development of functional food materials.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.53-66
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was designed to compare the effects of acanthopanax stem bark (ASB) and acanthopanax root bark (ARB) on the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rats. Methods : The antioxidant activities were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Also, we examined total poly phenol and flavonoids contents. Osteoarthritis was caused by injection MIA($50{\mu}{\ell}$ with $80mg/m{\ell}$) into the knee joint cavity of rats. Rats were divided by 4 groups (normal group, control group, ASB treated group, ARB treated group, each n=6). The changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were analyzed after experiment. Also, the anti-oxidant, inflammatory protein levels were investigated western blot analysis. Knee joint tissue, histopathological observation hematoxylin & eosin staining and safranin-O staining were measured. Results : In the present study, ARB treated group showed superior inhibitory effects on the inflammatory parameters than the ASB treated group. ARB aqueous extract was effective in antioxidant measurements. The administration of ARB showed a significant reduction of changes in relative hind paw weight distribution. Morever, it decreased ROS, ALT and AST levels in serum, compared with those of the control rats. The ARB administration inhibited the biomarkers of inflammatory in tissues. Conclusions : ASB aqueous extract and ARB aqueous extract have a great effect on osteoarthritis, and ARB aqueous extract has excellent effect on osteoarthritis through antioxidant and anti-inflammation.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.455-464
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study was conducted to examine changes in the composition and physiological activity of Gardenia Fructus after being roasted. Methods: The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity of Gardenia Fructus was evaluated using the Gardenia Fructus (GF) and roasted Gardenia Fructus (RGF) ethanol extracts, and their components were analyzed through HPLC. Results: As a result, it was confirmed that the content of gardenoside and geniposide decreased and the content of genipin increased when GF was roasted. The total content of polyphenols was 54.5 ± 2.18 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of the GF extract and 69.6 ± 0.36 mg GAE per gram of the RGF extract. As a result of evaluating 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, both the GF and RGF extracts showed the similar activity to ascorbic acid at the concentrations of 1 mg/mL or higher. In RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the RGF extract showed a higher effect of reducing NO production, and significantly reduced the expression of an inflammatory cytokine, IL-6. As a result of evaluating the antimicrobial activity, the RGF extract showed higher antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In the dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced inflammatory bowel disease mouse model, the RGF extract reduced the weight of the spleen, and both the GF and RGF extracts reduced the number of bacteria in the colon. Conclusion: Therefore, it has been confirmed through this study that roasting at a high temperature changes the main components of the GF extract and increases its biological activity. The RGF extract is expected to be used as a natural material with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.6-13
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• 2019

[Purpose] In this study, we examined the in vitro antioxidant activities and laxative effects of taurine-xylose (T-X), a synthetic taurine-carbohydrate derivative, in a rat model of constipation induced by loperamide. [Methods] The animals were divided into four treatment groups: normal untreated rats (NOR group), loperamide-treated control rats (CON group), loperamide and taurine-xylose (15 mg/kg)-treated rats (T-X group), and loperamide and commercial Dulcolax S (5.5 mg/kg)-treated rats (DS group). [Results] In the present study, T-X exhibited potent reducing power and free radical scavenging activities for DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS+ (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt) radicals. The laxative effects of T-X were dependent on food, body weight, fecal properties, gastrointestinal transit (GIT) ratio, and serum metabolic parameters. In the T-X group, the number, wet weight, and water content of fecal pellets were noticeably increased compared to those in the loperamide-induced group. T-X treatment significantly increased the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including those of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), relative to those in loperamide-induced constipated rats. Furthermore, the GIT ratio and loperamide-induced metabolic parameters in serum, including gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), and somatostatin (SS) levels, were significantly improved by T-X treatment. [Conclusion] These results suggest that taurine-xylose exerts antioxidant activities and laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation by promoting gastrointestinal motility.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.620-634
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• 2024

This study explores the potential of utilizing meat byproducts, specifically chicken and beef liver, to enhance the nutritional value of processed foods like chicken nuggets. Proximate analysis was conducted on the livers, including moisture, ash, fat, and protein content, and degradation potential was observed. Antioxidant potential was analyzed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The total phenolic content (TPC), oxidative stability through peroxide value (POV), and free fatty acid (FFA) were performed to evaluate quality changes during seven-day storage. The radical scavenging activity showed that beef liver has excellent antioxidant capacity (61.55%- and 195.89- mM gallic acid equivalent for DPPH and TPC, respectively) compared to chicken liver and significantly increased the antioxidant potential of nuggets by 5%-10%. POV and FFA values increased with increased storage days for the liver and its incorporation in nuggets. However, the values remained under the 10 meq/kg threshold. Incorporating the livers into chicken nuggets led to a significant (p=0.000) improvement in nutritional content, particularly a 1.5%-2% increase in protein, with a similar increase in mineral content. Texture and sensory evaluations indicated favorable consumer acceptability for liver-enriched nuggets. Overall, this research shows the value of adding liver as a functional ingredient to enhance the nutritional profile of processed foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.809-815
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• 2015

In this study, we confirmed biological compounds from methanol (MeOH) extract of processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PPMR), and the radical scavenging effect and oxidative stress protective activity of MeOH extract of PPMR were investigated under in vitro conditions using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells. In HPLC analysis, MeOH extract of PPMR contained four species of biological compounds named 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, emodin, chrysophanol, and rhein. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside was detected as the main compound in PPMR as 115.02 mg/kg. MeOH extract of PPMR showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in a concentration- dependent manner. In particular, upon $50{\mu}g/mL$ of PPMR extract treatment, DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were approximately 48.4%, 57.9%, and 81.2%, respectively. LLC-$PK_1$ cell viability declined in response to oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) generators of NO, $O_2{^-}$, and $ONOO^-$, respectively. However, MeOH extract of PPMR significantly and dose-dependently inhibited oxidative-stressed LLC-$PK_1$ cell cytotoxicity. In fact, upon $50{\mu}g/mL$ of PPMR extract treatment, LLC-$PK_1$ cell viabilities were approximately 82.1%, 89.1%, and 77.6% compared to stress levels induced by pyrogallol, SNP, and SIN-1, respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.513-520
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• 2020

Here, we evaluated the functional properties of histidine-containing low-molecular-weight (LMW) peptides obtained from tuna waste meats. As with histidine-related components composed of histidine, 1-methyl histidine and anserine, histidine-containing LMW peptides exhibited high α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect in a dose-dependent manner. Among the histidine-related dipeptides, anserine exhibited the highest reducing power followed by carnosine. By comparison with dipeptides, tuna extracts also showed similar reducing power and the activity was in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the antioxidant activities of tuna extracts such as DPPH radical scavenging effect, reducing power, superoxide dismutase activities, and peroxide value of linoleic acid were affected by the various extraction methods.