• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2015

The extracted phenolic compounds from Cornus kousa fruit for biological activities as functional resources were examined. The phenolic compounds which were extracted with water and 40% ethanol from Cornus kousa fruit were $7.04{\pm}0.27$ and $4.47{\pm}0.18mg/g$, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of water and ethanol extracts were 84% and 86% at $50{\mu}g/mL$phenolics, respectively. The 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization activity of water and ethanol extracts were 84 and 95% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics, respectively. Antioxidant protection factor in water and ethanol extracts at $50{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics were 1.93 and 1.82 PF, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were 69% in water extracts and 89% in ethanol extracts at $150{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The inhibition activity on xanthine oxidase in water and ethanol extracts was 34 and 60%, respectively. The inhibition activity on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 29% in water extracts and 87% in ethanol extracts. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 19% in ethanol extracts. The collagenase inhibition activity of anti-wrinkle effect showed an excellent wrinkle improvement effect as 53% in water extracts and 77% in ethanol extracts at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. The hyaluronidase inhibition activity as antiinflammation effect of water extracts was confirmed to 34% of inhibition at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolic. The results can be expected extracts from Cornus kousa fruit to use as functional resource for antioxidant, antigout, inhibitor of carbohydrate degradation, antiwrinkle activity and antiinflammation activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of vegetable extracts (pumpkin, aloe, and artichoke) containing Protaetia brevitarsis (PB) and the clinical and pathological changes in ICR mice after a single oral administration. The total polyphenol (TP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance activity (ORAC), and single cell gel electrophoresis assay were done to measure their antioxidant activities. The effect of vegetable extracts containing PB in TP and the ORAC value was significantly higher than those without PB. In addition, all extracts had effective $DPPH{\cdot}$ scavenging and $ABTS{\cdot}+$ scavenging activities. The protective effect of vegetable extracts with/without PB on $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage was found. In a single-dose toxicity study, mortality, body weight, physiological signs, and biochemical analysis were analyzed. Seventy mice were randomly assigned to 7 experimental groups and were administered three vegetable extracts with and without PB (2 g/kg). A full 14 days after administration, no mice mortality was observed in any group. Body weight, physiological signs, and biochemical analysis were never significantly different from those of the control group. Taken together, these findings indicate that vegetable extracts containing PB with antioxidant activities and safety could be applied as medicinal and edible resources in an industrial area.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

This study examined Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 isolated from seawater from the East Sea. Deep seawater (DSW) had a greater effect on the growth of Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 than surface seawater (SSW). The crude protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash contents of Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 cultured with DSW were 27.2, 37.1, 13.2 and 26.3 %, respectively, and these values were similar to the results for samples cultured with SSW. The contents of Mg, Ca, Fe and K in the DSW cultured samples were 7080.3, 1009.6, 251.2, and 2749.7 mg/100 g, respectively. The fatty acid compositions of Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 cultured with DSW and SSW were 53.7 and 49.0 % polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 25.7 and 30.7 % saturated fatty acids (SFA), respectively. The total amino acid contents of the samples cultured with DSW and SSW were 7392.6 and 6376.0 mg/100 g respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of Tetraselmis sp. JK-46 extracts increased with the concentration of the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. The half maximal inhibitiory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of DSW and SSW cultured samples were 1.2 and 2.6 mg/mL, and 3.1 and 3.3 mg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fractions of DSW and SSW cultured samples has anticoagulant activity and the activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) were 93.4 and 89.3 sec., respectively. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.918-922
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts from oats (Avena sativa L.). Total polyphenol contents of extracts were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant activities of extracts were determined by 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and reducing power. The anti-proliferative activities of colon (HCT116), lung (NCI-H460), and breast (MCF7) cancer cells were investigated. Among solvents, methanol extract showed the highest amount of total polyphenols, which was 8.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g residue. High levels of ABTS radical [12.1 mg Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g residue] and DPPH radical (4.4 mg TEAC/g residue) scavenging activity and reducing power ($A_{700}=0.39$) were found in methanol extracts. Moreover, methanol extracts indicated higher anti-proliferative activities against HCT116 (69.5%), NCI-H460 (75.2%), and MCF7 (84.8%) cells compared with other extracts. The results show that methanol was the best solvent for extraction of antioxidant and anti-proliferative compounds from oats. Moreover, notable antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of oats could have significant health benefits.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2016

In this study, the radical scavenging activity and protective effect of ethanol extract from leaf of Engelhardtia chrysolepis HANCE (ECE) against oxidative stress were investigated under in vitro and cellular system. ECE showed strong radical scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl(${\cdot}OH$) and nitric oxide(NO) radical as a concentration-dependent manner. Particularly, strong scavenging activity against the ${\cdot}OH$ and NO radical were observed with the $IC_{50}$ value of $1.30{\mu}g/ml$ and $12.61{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Furthermore, the cellular oxidative stress was induced by amyloid beta($A{\beta}_{25-35}$) in C6 glial cells. The treatment of $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ to C6 glial cells generated high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and declined cell viability. However, production of ROS was decreased by the treatment of ECE. In addition, the cell viability was significantly increased at each concentration(10, 25, $50{\mu}g/ml$) as dose-dependent manner. The Alzheimer's disease-related protein expressions in $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-treated C6 glial cells were analyzed. The ECE treatment inhibited expression of amyloid precursor protein(APP), C-terminal fragment-${\beta}(CTF-{\beta})$, ${\beta}$-site APP cleaving enzyme(BACE), phosphorylated tau(p-tau) proteins in C6 glial cells induced by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. The present study indicated that ECE has strong radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective effect through attenuating oxidative stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1078-1084
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• 2014

Here, we showed that Acanthocoris sordidus extract inhibited both cell and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. In a radical scavenging assay, the scavenging activity of the A. sordidus extract against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals was 48.9% and 37.8%, respectively, that of ascorbic acid, which was used as a positive control. The ferrous iron chelating activity of the A. sordidus extract was 80.0% compared to that when ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used a control. To verify the inhibitory effect of the extract on oxidative cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), a lipid peroxidation assay was performed. The results showed that peroxidation was completely inhibited in an extract-treated group compared to a radical-treated group. The level of p21 protein expression was 68.1% that of a control sample. The DNA cleavage-inhibiting property of the A. sordidus extract-treated group was 53.3% that of a control group. Moreover, the phosphorylation of the H2AX protein was reduced to 39.0% of that treated with radical agents, indicating that the extract might inhibit the DNA damage that causes radical oxidation. Taken together, our findings suggest that the A. sordidus extract is effective not only in repressing oxidation by free oxygen radicals and hydroxyl radicals but also in decreasing cell and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2022

In the present study, we investigated the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of kimchi during the fermentation process. Kimchi was fermented at 18.5 ℃, then after one day, the storage temperature was changed to 5 ℃ without fresh kimchi (Fresh; pH 5.6, total acidity 0.3%), which obtained optimum-ripened kimchi (OptR; pH 4.3, total acidity 0.64%), and over-ripened kimchi (OvR; pH 3.8, total acidity 1.24%). As a result, the glucosinolates content of the kimchi was increased during the fermentation process. Among the glucosinolates, glucoraphanin possesses the highest amounts in kimchi. In addition, the contents of sulforaphane and total polyphenol, which are common antioxidant compounds, were increased during the fermentation process. To evaluate the antioxidant activities of Fresh, OptR, and OvR, we measured 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (·OH) radicals radical scavenging activity in vitro. Fresh, OptR, and OvR exerted DPPH and ·OH radical scavenging activities dose-dependently. In particular, the ·OH radical scavenging activities of OptR and OvR were higher than that of Fresh. Therefore, we suggest that kimchi at the ripe and over-ripe stage is considered to have high antioxidant activity by increasing glucosinolate, sulforaphane, and total polyphenols, compared with fresh kimchi.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.230-236
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• 2009

An extract of Allomyrina dichotoma larva (ADL), one of the insects used most frequently in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of liver diseases such as hepatocirrhosis and hepatofibrosis, was assessed for antioxidant bioactivity in this study. In the current work, we have investigated the protective effects of ADL extracts on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced hepatotoxicity in cultured hepa1c1c7 cells and in the mouse liver. The treatment of the hepa1c1c7 cells with ADL extracts induced a significant reduction of t-BHP-induced oxidative injuries, as determined by cell cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species contents, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ADL extracts evidenced a protective effect against t-BHPinduced oxidative DNA damage, as revealed by the results of the Comet assay in hepa1c1c7 cells. ADL extracts also protected against hydroxyl radical-induced 2-deoxy-d-ribose degradation by ferric ion-nitrilotriacetic acid and $H_2O_2$. In addition, ADL extracts were shown to be able to quench 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Our in vivo study revealed that ADL extracts pretreatment applied prior to t-BHP administration significantly prevented an increase in the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers and reduced LPO in the mouse liver in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that the protective effects of ADL extracts against t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity may be attributable, at least in part, to its ability to scavenge free oxygen radicals, and to protect against DNA damage due to oxidative stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1553-1561
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• 2009

This study investigated the biological activities and chemical characteristics of Monascus-fermented Korean red ginseng (MFRG). The comparative activities of water, ethanol, and methanol extracts from MFRGE and Korean red ginseng (RG) were tested in vitro of anti-oxidative models of linoleic acid peroxidation by thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods and DPPH ($\alpha,\alpha'$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl)radical scavenging activities. In addition, measurements of their bioactive total phenolic compounds and minerals, and extract yield, were obtained. The extract yield of each solvent extracted from MFRG and RG was aqueous by 6.58% and 5.83%, ethanol by 0.62% and 0.98%, and methanol by 1.27% and 3.04%, respectively. Total phenolic compounds were higher in all solvents extracted from MFRG than those from RG. Major mineral contents (ppm) of MFRG and RG were K by 16,936 and 22,386, Ca by 2,310 and 3,693, Mg by 2,703 and 2,647, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activities were higher in all solvents extracted from MFRG than those from RG, however, all these extracts exhibited a relatively low level of radical-scavenging activity compared to the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In antioxidative activities determined by TBA method using linoleic acid peroxidation, 70% methanol extract from MFRG and RG showed the highest antioxidative activity at a concentration of 0.1%. These results may provide the basic data to understand the biological activities of bio-active materials derived from MFRG.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2014

Gloeostereum incarnatum is an edible and medicinal mushroom belongs to Family Cyphellaceae of Polyporales, Basidiomycota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and melanin synthesis inhibitory activities of fruiting bodies of Gloeostereum incarnatum. In the free radical scavenging activities, the mushroom extracts showed good 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with the positive control, BHT. The mushroom extract suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in dose dependant manners. Significant reduction of paw edema of rats were observed at 2~6 h after administration with 50 mg/kg of the methanol and hot-water extracts, which were comparable with treatment of 5 mg/kg of indomethacin, the positive control. The melanin synthesis of Melanoma B16/F10 cells treated with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the methanol and hot water extracts decreased melanin concentration to 50% and 45% compared with the control, arbutin. Therefore, the experimental results showed that methanol and hot-water extracts of Gloeostereum incarnatum fruiting bodies might be used for good sources of anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and skin whitening agents for human health.