• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.104-112
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• 2011

There have been few reports on the constituents and biological activity of stem bark of $Acer$ $tegmentosum$, and no phytochemical and biological studies have been reported for stem wood of $A.$ $tegmentosum$. Two flavan 3-ols (1 and 2), three phenolic acid/alcohols (3~5), and two coumarins (6 and 7) were isolated from the stem wood of $A.$ $tegmentosum$ by repeated column chromatography. The structure of isolated compounds were identified as (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), $p$-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), syringic alcohol (4), $p$-tyrosol (5), scopoletin (6), and cleomiscosin A (7) on the basis of spectroscopic evidences such as $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, 2D-NMR and MS spectrum. $p$-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), syringic alcohol (4), scopoletin (6), and cleomiscosin A (7) have not been reported from this plant so far. (+)-Catechin (1) and (-)-epicatechin (2) showed the higher 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) used as a positive control.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

The antioxidant properties of bamboos sap isolated from Phyllostachys pubescens were investigated. This product scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and prevented lipid peroxidation. The radical scavenging activity of bamboo sap protected the viability of peritoneal macrophage cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$, Furthermore, bamboo sap reduced apoptotic cell formation induced by $H_2O_2$ as demonstrated by decreases in the number of hypo-diploid cells am apoptotic cell body formation. These results indicate that bamboo sap has radical scavenging activity and ameliorates $H_2O_2$ induced cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1317-1324
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to examine both antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of sausages made from a mixture of purple sweet potato powder and pigment. Five sausages were manufactured: F0 (control), F1 (0.15%-sodium nitrite), F2 (0.2%-purple sweet potato pigment), F3 (0.2%-purple sweet potato pigment and 5%-purple sweet potato powder), and F4 (0.2%-purple sweet potato pigment and 10%-purple sweet potato powder). Sausages were stored at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Total polyphenol, 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, acid value, peroxide value, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), and total bacterial cell contents were analyzed. Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity increased according to the amount of purple sweet potato, whereas acid value, peroxide value, and VBN decreased. Addition of 0.2% purple sweet potato pigment increased lipid oxidative stability and protein deterioration inhibitory effect compared to F0, but not to the levels of 0.15% sodium nitrite. However, F2 showed the lowest pH during storage due to the pH (2.52) of the pigment. Microorganism analysis revealed that total bacterial counts of sausage added with 0.2% purple sweet potato pigment were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of sodium nitrite-supplemented sausage. As a result, purple sweet potato powder and pigment demonstrate antioxidative activity and lipid oxidative stability in sausages, making them suitable ingredients for manufacturing sausages.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

The antioxidant activity of forty two kinds of salad vegetables grown in Korea was evaluated. Methanol extract of freeze-dried vegetable was assayed by radical scavenging activity using 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Fe^{2+}$-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibition by TBA method. Total phenolics were determined colorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The highest radical scavenging activity was expressed by perilla leaf, followed by dandelion leaf, red and green leafy lettuce, of which $IC_{50}$ was less than 0.10 mg/mL. Angelica leaf showed the highest inhibitory action for lipid peroxidation with $95\%$, and then dandelion leaf, water spinach, and perilla leaf inhibited over $80\%$. However, lettuce (Iceberg) and young Chinese cabbage exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity based on both assay methods. Highly positive correlations between antioxidative activities and total phenolics were observed (p < 0.001). The results suggested that salad vegetables, especially perilla leaf, leafy lettuce, dandelion or angelica, could be used for easily accessible sources of natural antioxidants.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.710-714
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• 2007

Ligularia fischeri (LF) has been used to treat jaundice, scarlet-fever, rheumatoidal arthritis, and hepatic diseases. This study was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity of the extract from the leaves of LF by using various established in vitro systems with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol as positive control. The results showed that the ethanol extract of LF (0.05-0.5 mg/mL) displayed a strong free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ${O_2}^{{\cdot}-}$, and $H_2O_2$ radicals. It was observed that LF extract (1 mg/mL) significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) to 69 and 89% of control, measured by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, respectively. LF extract (0.5-2 mg/mL) was also found to inhibit significantly the amount of malondialdehyde formed from liver homogenate to 69-56% of control. Similarly, in the high $Fe^{2+}/ascorbate$ induction system LF extract (1-2 mg/mL) inhibited carbonyl formation measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction to 89-79% of control. Like antioxidant activity, the reducing power of LF extract was excellent at concentration of 0.5-2 mg/mL. These results indicate that LF could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1612-1619
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to optimize ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, including enzyme-to-substrate (E/S) ratio, pH, and temperature, for producing porcine liver hydrolysates (PLHs) with the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity by using response surface methodology (RSM). Methods: The study used RSM to determine the combination of hydrolysis parameters that maximized the antioxidant activity of our PLHs. Temperature ($40^{\circ}C$, $54^{\circ}C$, and $68^{\circ}C$), pH (8.5, 9.5, and 10.5), and E/S ratio (0.1%, 2.1%, and 4.1%) were selected as the independent variables and analyzed according to the preliminary experiment results, whereas DPPH free radical scavenging activity was selected as the dependent variable. Results: Analysis of variance showed that E/S ratio, pH, and temperature significantly affected the hydrolysis process (p<0.01). The optimal conditions for producing PLHs with the highest scavenging activity were as follows: E/S ratio, 1.4% (v/w); temperature, $55.5^{\circ}C$; and initial pH, 10.15. Under these conditions, the degree of hydrolysis, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating ability, and reducing power of PLHs were 24.12%, 79%, 98.18%, and 0.601 absorbance unit, respectively. The molecular weight of most PLHs produced under these optimal conditions was less than 5,400 Da and contained 45.7% hydrophobic amino acids. Conclusion: Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis can be applied to obtain favorable antioxidant hydrolysates from porcine liver with potential applications in food products for preventing lipid oxidation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2008

In this study, the antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Cuscutae semen ethanol extract were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was measured by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the Ames test was employed to determine the inhibition effect on mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The extract showed significant free radical-scavenging activity towards the DPPH radical, and at a concentration of 400 ppm, its free radical-scavenging activity was similar to that of BHT. The $IC_{50}$ value of the extract was 89 ppm, indicating good antioxidant capacity. Moreover, at 5 mg/mL, the extract presented inhibitions of approximately 98.0% and 49.2% on mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and sodium azide, respectively. The total polyphenols and flavonoid contents of the extract were 20.1 mg/g and 1.9 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, this study indicates that the ethanolic extract of Cuscutae semen has excellent antioxidative and antimutagenic potential.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.95-100
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate antiaging and antioxidant effects on cultured human skin fibroblast with supercritical fluid extracts of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Methods : Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique was applied to extract from three medicinal plants including stem of Dendropanax morbifera, Corni fructus and Lycii Fructus. Antioxidant activity of extract was evaluated by two different assays as 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and super oxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. These extracts were tested for cell viability on HS68 skin fibroblast by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. We investigated the effects of Ultraviolet-B irradiation on cytotoxicity, type 1 collagen, elastin level and oxidative damage in cultured human skin fibroblast (HS68). Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved in inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. Results : The extracts obtained dose-dependently increased the scavenging activity on DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD like activity. The supercritical fluid extracts of complex herbal medicine showed low cytotoxicity as more than 100% cell viability in 100ppm/ml concentration. HS68 fibroblasts were survived 70% at $120mJ/cm^2$ UVB irradiation and treated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The levels of aging factors and cytotoxicity were decreased by supercritical fluid extract of complex herbal medicine. Conclusions : These results suggest that supercritical fluid extracts may have value as the potential antioxidant and antiaging medicinal plant.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.411-416
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• 2004

In this study, we investigated the biological activity of antioxidant and antimicrobiological effect of Chondria crassicaulis (CC), which, using methanol, dichlolometane and ethanol, were extracted and fractionated into four different types: hexane(CCMH), methanol (CCMM), butanol (CCMB), and aqueous (CCMA) partition layers. The reducing activity on the 1,I-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $O^{2-}$ and $O_{2}$$O_{2}$radical scavenging potential, in search for antioxidation effects of CC partition layer, were sequentially screened. Among the four fractions, CCMM had the highest antioxidative activity. The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disc method. Among the various solvent layers, the CCMB, CCMH and CCMM showed relatively strong antimicrobial activities in the order.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.127-141
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• 2002

Objectives: Haeganjeon(HGJ) has been used for the treatment of liver disease in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effects of HGJ extract on oxidative damage of hepatocytes by tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP). Methods: In the linoleic acid water-alcohol system, the levels of lipid peroxide(LPO) were determined by TBA method. The scavenging effect of HGJ on ${\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$(DPPH) radical was determined according to the method of Hatano. In the Fenton system(ferrous ion reaction with hydrogen peroxide), the levels of hydroxyl radical induced LPO in rat liver homogenate were determined according to the method of TBA. Inhibitory effect of HGJ on superoxide generation was measured by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. In order to evaluate antioxidative activity of HGJ in the liver cell, cultured normal rat liver cells(Ac2F) were prepared and incubated with or without HGJ. After 18hr, cells placed in DMEM medium without serum, and then incubated with 1mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP) for 2hrs. Viable cells were detected by MTT assay. Conclusions: In the linoleic acid autoxidation system, HGJ extract significantly inhibited the time course of the lipid peroxidation. These effects were similar to those of BHA HGJ extracts showed about 70% scavenging effect on DPPH radical. And HGJ extract inhibited the lipid peroxide formation in rat liver homogenate induced by hydroxyl radical derived from Fenton system. In addition, HGJ extract protected the cell death induced by t-BHP and significantly increased cell viability in the normal rat liver cell. These result indicated that HGJ extract might playa protective role against oxidative hepatic cell injury by means of free radical scavenger.