• Annals of Coloproctology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2018

Purpose: Stage-IIIC colon cancer is an advanced disease; however, its oncologic outcomes and prognostic factors remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage-IIIC colon cancer. Methods: From a multicenter database, we retrospectively enrolled 611 patients (355 men and 256 women) who had undergone a potentially curative resection for a stage-IIIC colon adenocarcinoma between 2003 and 2011. The primary endpoint was the 5-year DFS. Results: The median age was 62 years; 213 and 398 patients had right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC), respectively. The 5-year DFS in all patients was 52.0%; median follow-up time was 35 months (range, 1-134 months). A multivariate Cox regression revealed that female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.90; P < 0.01), right-sided tumor location (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.29-2.11; P < 0.01), lymphatic invasion (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.08-2.15; P < 0.01) and a high (${\geq}0.4$) metastatic lymph node ratio (HR, 3.72; 95% CI, 2.63-5.24; P < 0.01) were independent predictors of worse 5-year DFS. Female patients with RCC were 1.79 fold more likely to experience recurrence than male patients with LCC. Conclusion: Female sex and right-sided tumor location are associated with higher tumor recurrence rates in patients with stage-IIIC colon cancers. Aggressive treatment and close surveillance should be planned for patients in these groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

목 적 : 완치된 소아 뇌종양 환자에서 저신장은 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 중요한 합병증이다. 저자들은 완치된 뇌종양 환자들에서 저신장의 위험인자를 평가하기 위해 최종 성인키를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 1982년부터 2006년까지 서울대학교병원에서 추적관찰중인 16세 이전에 진단받은 원발성 소아 뇌종양환자 중 최근 5년 내에 재발하거나 질병이 진행하지 않았고, 최종 성인키에 도달한 95명의 환자(남자 64명, 여자 31명)를 대상으로 의무기록을 검토하였다. 결 과 : 최종 성인키 SDS는 $-1.15{\pm}1.72$로 한국인 표준성인키에 비해 작았고, 진단키 HTSDS $-0.13{\pm}1.57$보다 작았으며 표적 성인키 SDS인 $-0.49{\pm}0.69$보다도 작았다(각각 P<0.05). 두개인두종은 성장소실이 없었으나($0.57{\pm}1.17$) 생식세포종양이나 속질모세포종의 경우 최종 성인키가 유의하게 작았다($-1.20{\pm}1.45$, $-2.70{\pm}1.46$: P<0.05). 척추 방사선치료나 항암화학요법을 시행한 환자들의 최종 성인키 SDS가 낮으며($-1.93{\pm}1.58$, $-2.27{\pm}1.44$; 각각 P<0.01), CSRT군에서 어린나이에 발병할수록 최종 성인키가 작았다(r=0.442, P<0.01). 성장호르몬 치료여부는 최종 성인키에 영향을미치지 않았으나, 치료방법이나 진단 나이를 고려했을 때 12세가 되기 전에 성장호르몬 치료를 시작하는 것은 키의 소실을 감소시키는 인자였다(P=0.01). 결 론 : 어린 나이에 진단을 받고 척추 방사선치료를 시행한 소아 뇌종양 환자와 항암화학요법을 시행한 환자들에서 키의 감소가 두드러졌고, 12세 미만에서 성장호르몬 치료를 한 경우 최종 성인키의 증대 효과가 있었다. 따라서 최종 성인키를 향상시키기 위해서는 저신장이 우려되는 고위험군 환자에 대한 정기적인 성장평가와 조기 성장호르몬 치료가 필요하다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.538-552
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 연안환경 오염물질 중 수은의 생물축적 모니터링 지표종인 괭이갈매기(Larus crassirostris) 알의 산란순서 간 수은 농도차이를 서해 백령도 번식지를 대상으로 분석하였다. 첫 번째(평균${\pm}$표준오차, $234.4{\pm}11.2ng/g\;wet$) 산란한 알의 총수은 농도는 두 번째($182.8{\pm}9.1ng/g\;wet$) 산란한 알에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다(각 n=18, t=8.4, p<0.01). 또한 생체특성치에서도 장경, 단경, 중량 모두 첫 번째 알(길이: $63.10{\pm}0.49mm$, 단경: $44.51{\pm}0.19mm$, 중량 $65.53{\pm}0.87g$) 이 두 번째 알(장경: $62.37{\pm}0.40mm$, 단경: $43.55{\pm}0.17mm$, $62.48{\pm}0.72g$)보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다(각 n=18, 장경 t=2.4, p<0.05; 단경 t=4.3, p<0.01; 중량 t=4.2, p<0.01). 이러한 차이는 알 생성기에 암컷이 섭취하는 먹이량과 관련이 있으며, 이는 수컷이 암컷에게 먹이를 공급하다가 첫 번째 알을 낳으면 급이 빈도와 양을 줄이는 구애급이 행동패턴 변화와 관련이 있는 것으로 추측된다. 특히, 암컷의 섭취량 감소는 메틸수은이 주로 존재하는 알 속 흰자(albumen)의 감소에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 수은의 경우, 산란순서에 따라 축적농도가 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하기 때문에 지역 간 그리고 시기별 비교 모니터링을 수행할 때는 목적과 조사여건(번식경과를 고려한 채취 시기, 입도(入島) 체류가능기간 등) 등을 고려하여 둥지 내 알 선택방법(첫 번째 알만 선택 또는 두 번째 알만 선택 또는 랜덤선택 등)을 일관되게 적용하는 것이 중요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the windlass mechanism in trail-walking shoe prototypes that can effectively support arches. A study of these effects should help with the development of a first-rate trail-walking shoe development guide for the distribution of quality information to consumers. Methods : The subjects were ten adult males who volunteered to participate in the study. Shoes from three companies, which will be referred to as Company S (Type A), Company M (Type B), and Company P (Type C), were selected for the experiment. The subjects wore these shoes and walked at a speed of 4.2 km/h, and as they tested each shoe, the contact area, maximum pressure average, and surface force were all measured. Results : Shoe Type A showed a contact area of $148.78{\pm}4.31cm^2$, Type B showed an area of $145.74{\pm}4.1cm^2$, and Type C showed an area of $143.37{\pm}4.57cm^2$ (p<.01). Shoe Type A demonstrated a maximum average pressure of $80.80{\pm}9.92kPa$, Type B an average of $85.72{\pm}11.01kPa$, and Type C an average of $89.12{\pm}10.88bkPa$ (p<.05). Shoe Type A showed a ground reaction force of $1.13{\pm}0.06%BW$, Type B a force of $1.16{\pm}0.04%BW$, and Type C a force of $1.16{\pm}0.03%BW$ (p<.05). Conclusion : The Type A trail-walking shoe, which was designed with a wide arch from the center of the forefoot to the front of the rearfoot showed excellent performance, however, more development and analysis of the windlass mechanism for a variety of arch structures is still necessary.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2003

본 연구는 불포화지방산원으로서 C18:2n-6이 풍부한 전지대두와 C18:3n-3이 풍부한 아마종실을 반추동물사료에 18% 배합하였을 때 반추위내 건물소실율과 불포화지방산 소실율 및 조성을 조사하기 위해 in vitro 배양장치에서 실시하였다. 배양시간은 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72시간에 걸쳐 실시하였고, 배양 종료 후 각각의 medium digesta는 동결 건조하여 건물과 각 지방산 함량을 분석하였다. 배양 3시간까지는 전지대두와 아마종실의 건물소실율에 차이가 없었으나, 배양 6시간이후부터는 아마종실이 전지대두보다 유의한 증가를 나타내었다 (p< 0.01). 하지만, 배양 48시간이후부터는 두 처리구간에 유의차가 나타나지 않았다 (p>0.05). 한편 가스생성량은 건물소실율과 비슷한 양상을 나타내어 아마종실이 전지대두보다 발효산물인 가스를 보다 많이 생성하나 두 처리구간에 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). C18:0 함량은 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 전지대두와 아마종실 공히 증가하였고, 전지대두가 아마종실 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). C18:1 조성은 전지대두가 아마종실구보다 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). C18:2와 C18:3의 digesta내 조성은 반추위내 수소첨가현상으로 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. Digesta내 C18:2 함량은 C18:2가 풍부한 전지대두가 아마종실에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.05), C18:3 함량은 C18:3이 풍부한 아마종실이 전지대두에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.001). 순수 C18:0 생산량 (%)은 C18:2n-6 함량이 풍부한 전지대두가 배양종료 후 332.24%로 아마종실의 133.16%보다 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). C18:1 소실율은 전지대두가 아마종실보다 유의하게 낮았고 (p<0.05), 특히 배양 3, 6, 12, 24시간에서 전지대두 처리구가 음 (-)값을 나타내었다. C18:2의 소실율은 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였고, 배양 72시간에 두 처리구 평균 93.31%로 광범위하게 소실되었으나, 처리구간 유의차는 나타나지 않았다 (p>0.05). C18:3 소실율은 C18:2 소실율과 마찬가지로 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 특히 아마종실이 전지대두에 비하여 배양 6시간이후부터 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). C18계 불포화지방산 소실율은 아마종실이 전지대두보다 유의하게 높았다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 전지대두와 아마종실은 반추동물의 식품 내 유익한 불포화지방산이 침착하는데 충분한 가치가 있는 불포화지방산원이었고, C18계 불포화지방산은 반추위내에서 광범위하게 수소첨가되었다. 아울러 전지대두는 아마종실보다 complete biohydrogenation이 증가하였고, digesta 내 불포화지방산 함량은 사료 중 불포화지방산 함량과 밀접한 관계가 있었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2023

전기화학적 이산화탄소 (CO₂) 환원은 CO₂를 고부가가치의 탄소화합물로 전환하는 매우 유망한 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 양극 산화법과 원자층 증착법을 이용하여 전기화학적 CO₂ 환원용 SnO₂/Cu(OH)₂ 나노와이어 (NWs) 전극을 합성하는 손쉬운 방법과 그 특성에 대해 보고한다. 제작된 SnO₂/Cu(OH)₂ NWs (-16 mA/cm²)는 -1.0 V (vs. RHE)에서 Cu(OH)₂ NWs (-6 mA/cm²) 대비 더 우수한 전기화학적 성능을 보였다. CO₂ 환원 성능을 확인해 보았을 때도 일산화탄소(CO), 포름산염 (HCOOH) 생성물에 대해 각각 29.72 %, 58.01 %의 높은 페러데이 효율 (FE)을 보였다. 본 연구는 CO₂ 배출로 인한 기후 변화에 대응하는 경제적이며 지속 가능한 방법을 제공할 뿐만 아니라, 전기화학적 CO₂ 환원용 전극 개발에 크게 기여할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2014

벌개미취의 일반성분 및 아미노산, 무기질 항산화 효과에 대해서 조사하였다. 식품영양학적 접근에서의 벌개미취의 일반성분은 건량기준으로 당질 72.15%, 조단백질 13.49%, 조지방 5.09% 및 조회분 9.27%였고 벌개미취 100 g의 함유 열량은 349.70 kcal로 분석되었으며, 총 식이섬유소 함량은 건량기준으로 49.79%이었다. 또한 총 18종의 아미노산으로 구성되었고 필수아미노산과 비필수아미노산 함량은 각각 4.6 g, 5.5 g이었으며, 무기질 중 인의 함유량이 가장 높았고 그 다음이 칼륨, 칼슘, 나트륨 순으로 나타나 알칼리성 재료임을 알 수 있었다. 총 페놀 함량은 벌개미취 열수 추출물 및 80% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 $87.7{\pm}5.01$ 및 $112.4{\pm}3.41$ mg GAE/g으로, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 벌개미취 열수 추출물 및 80% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 $86.6{\pm}3.71$ 및 $95.1{\pm}8.00$ mg RE/g으로 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 환원력과 같은 항산화 활성은 80% 에탄올 추출물이 열수 추출물에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 이들의 결과로 비추어 볼 때, 벌개미취 추출물들에 함유된 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드의 조성 및 함량의 차이가 이들 추출물의 항산화 활성에 주요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1997

To examine the effects of an educational program with a purpose of reducing symptoms and ailments of women's premenstrual syndrome on the basis of the Self-care theory of Orem, a stimulation was carried out by using pre-and post-design of non-equity control group after choosing both an experimental group of 62 persons and a control group of 62 persons among 497 industrial women. This study was conducted from June 20, 1996 to September 30, 1996. Meantime, an education was provided for the experimental group of 62 persons for 8 weeks but no education for the control group of 62 persons. Study matters are general and obstetric characteristics, knowledge and self-care behavior and premenstrual syndrome from questionnaires with 497 industrial women, pre and post questionnaires with the control group of 62 persons and the questionnaires collected before and after providing an education for the experimental group of 62 persons, these matters were used as research data for this study and analyzed by means of the SAS program. As a result, it was shown that the scores of 497 industrial women's knowledge by age were the highest 26.36 for 20 to 29 year old women, then 25.58 for 30 to 39 year old women and 25.74 for less 19 year old women. The performance scores of their self-care behavior by age were the highest 39.17 for 30 to 39 year old women, 35.72 for 20 to 29 year old women and 32.85 for less 19 year old women, which means that the older the women are, the higher the performance degree is(p<0.01). And the scores of their premenstrual syndrome by age were 2.80 for less 19 year old women, 2.18 for 20 to 29 year old women and 2.00 for 30 to 39 year old women. Women in their teens and twenties showed more serious symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome than women in their thirties(p<0.01). For the experimental group of 62 persons who received the educational program, both the knowledge of premenstrual syndrome and the degree of self-care behavior were remarkably improved(p<0.01), respectively and the symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome were also remarkably reduced(p<0.01), while the control group showed no change in the knowledge, self-care behavior, and symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome. The above results demonstrated that educational program based on the Self-care theory of Orem is an effective intervention to reduce the symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome. The effects of the study can be generalized by extending the application in which various age groups and professional and social environments are considered together with a research to evaluate the long-term effects of this educational program. Accordingly, it is expected that it can possible not only to provide help for the women by actually applying the program to practical areas for improvement of women's health but also to suggest plans to activate it as one of health education areas.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the remineralization effect of Bamboo salt and NaF+Bamboo salt solutions on bovine enamel formed incipient artificial enamel caries by microcomputed tomography (micro CT). Methods : Experimental solutions were distilled water(negative control), 2% sodium fluoride solution (2% NaF group), 3% bamboo salt solution (3% BS group) and the solution mixed 2% sodium fluoride solution and 3% bamboo salt solution (2% NaF+3% BS group). Specimens were prepared from extracted bovine teeth and divided into 4 groups of 10 specimens each by randomized blocks according to density. Then the specimens surface were divided equally into three parts to observe sound enamel area, incipient enamel carious area and remineralized enamel area. Only one-third of specimen surface was coated with nail varnish and these were exposed to a lactate carbopol buffer system for 72 hours. Then one-half of the demineralized enamel area was coated with nail varnish. The specimens were carried out under pH cycling model for 14 days as follows; samples were immersed in each experimental solution for 2 mins 3 times per day, demineralized for 4 hours and in mixed saliva for the remaining hours. After pH cycling, density was measured using micro CT. Results : All experimental groups showed remineralization effects except for negative control group(p<0.05). The differences of density after experimental solution treatment were statistically significant difference among 4 groups (p<0.01). The density difference values of groups were $0.04{\pm}0.01$ in negative control group, $0.19{\pm}0.01$ in 2% NaF group, $0.14{\pm}0.01$ in 3% BS group, and $0.21{\pm}0.01$ in 2% NaF+3% BS group. Conclusions : The bamboo salt solution showed remineralization effects on incipient artificial enamel caries and the solution mixed sodium fluoride solution and bamboo salt solution showed more remineralization effects than the bamboo salt solution. Thus, it is suggested that bamboo salt can be used as remineralization agent in incipient enamel caries lesion.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.618-632
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• 1994

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is promoting the regeneration of lost periodontal tissue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of treatment using decalcified freeze dried bone allograft as a bone graft material. 47 intrabony defects from 27 patients with clinical diagnosis of chronic periodontitis were selected among those 24 defects were treated via flap operation only and designated as the control group, the other 23 defects were treated with decalcified freeze dired bone allografting via flap operation and designated as the experimental group. Clinical parameters including probing depth, loss of attachment, probing bone level and gingival recession have been recorded at 6th months, and the significance of the changes has been analyzed. The results are as follows : 1. Probing depths were reduced significantly in both control group($2.75{\pm}0.99mm$) and experimental group($3.69{\pm}0.97mm$) postoperatively(p<0.01). Experimental group showed significantly higher decrease compared to the control group(p]0.01). 2. Loss of attachment showed statistically significant decrease in both control group($1.77{\pm}1.08mm$) and experimental group postoperatively($2.70{\pm}1.55mm$). Experimental group showed significantly higher decrease compared to the control group(p]0.05). 3. Probing bone levels were reduced with statistically significance in both control group($1.08{\pm}0.97mm$) and experimental group($4.00{\pm}1.41mm$) postoperatively(p<0.01). Experimental group showed significantly higher decrease compared to the control group(p<0.01). 4. Gingival recession showed statistically significant increase in the control group($1.21{\pm}0.72mm$) and experimental group($1.00{\pm}1.09mm$) postoperatively(p<0.01). There was no statistical significance between the control group and the experimental group. On the basis of these results, treatment using allogenic decalcified freeze dried bone is effective in reducing probing depth, loss of attachment and probing bone level. Therefore allogenic decalcified freeze dried bone is an effective bone graft material in periodontal regeneration.