• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.372-380
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• 1996

The operation of Far East Chain(GRI 5970) of Loran - C system had been stopped on June, 1995, but that of Korean Chain(GRI 9930) of Loran - C system which was jointed with North West Pacific Chain(GRI 8930) and Russia Chain(GRI 7950) by international cooperation, was started on January 1996. In this paper, in order to study the accuracy of Loran - C fix of Korean Chain, the authors examined and analyzed the data of the reciever of Loran - C(LC -90, Furuno) and GPS(AccNav Sport super (TM), Eagle) measured automatically and continually for 2 seconds at interval of 5 minutes from November 22, 1992, to January 20, 1996 at the fixed position of National Fisheries University of Pusan, The results obtained were as follows ; 1)The mean time differences of M-W, M-X, and M-Y pair measured in the base observed position were 12333.09${\mu}$s, 28338.44${\mu}$s, and 42806.01${\mu}$s respectively and the mean standard deviations of that were 0.0121${\mu}$s, 0.0290${\mu}$s, and 0.0327${\mu}$s respectively. The daily and monthly variance forms of time difference at each pair appeared in a similar reappearance. 2)The mean standard deviations of the latitude and longitude by Loran - C were 9.1m and 17.4m in W.X pair, 11.5m and 13.7m in W.Y pair, and 8.1m and 29.3m in X.Y pair respectively, and then the probable radiuses within 95% of each pair were 39.2m, 35.7m, and 60.8m, respectively. Therefore, It is to be desired that W.Y par is selected to improve the accuracy in Pusan area. 3)The mean standard deviations of the latitude and longitude by GPS were 15.4m and 15.0m and the probable radius within 95% was 43.4m. 4)The position errors for GPS and each pair of Loran - C were 16.0m to the South in GPS and 265.2m to the East in W.X pair of Loran - C, 279.5m to the North in W.Y pair of that, and 224.3m to the North-West in X.Y pair of that, so GPS is about 250m higher than Loran - C in accuracy.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2017

The prevalence of infections due to pathogenic bacteria such as Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus parauberis, and Photobacterium phosphoreum in fish farms in Jeju Island and their management by marine-derived biomaterials was studied. In this study, we isolated eight spices type of marine-derived biomaterials from four sea areas of Jeju Island. An antibiotic disc susceptibility test confirmed that the isolated marine-derived biomaterials showed weak resistance only to oxytetracycline and penicillin and sensitivity to the other antibiotics tested, and antimicrobial activity against fish pathogens with the inhibitory zone of 22 mm, 18 mm, and 19 mm for MD-02, MD-04, and MD-06 against E. tarda strains, respectively, and 19 mm, 22 mm, 30 mm, and 29 mm for MD-01, MD-02, MD-04, and MD-06 against S. parauberis strains, respectively, while all the marine-derived biomaterials showed antibacterial activity against P. phosphoreum. Among the eight biomaterials selected, Bacillus subtilis MD-02 displayed the greatest antibacterial activity against the three tested fish pathogens and also displayed susceptibility to antibiotics. The growth of Bacillus subtilis MD-02 was greatest with the carbon source, dextrine; nitrogen source, peptone; and mineral source, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. Hence, the present study confirmed that the isolate B. subtilis MD-02 from Jeju Island could be a potential antimicrobial agent against fish pathogens and a potential pharmacotherapeutic agent.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2006

Changes of the biomass, net primary productivity and P/B ratio during abandoned field succession after shifting cultivation were investigated in Pyoungchang, Gangwon-Do, Korea. Aboveground standing biomass of herb species showed the maximum value (3.8 ton/ha) in the 5 year old-field, and decreased thereafter. Litter dry weight was depicted as a parabola form showing the gradual increment during the first 50 years and slight decrease thereafter. Basal area tended to increase logarithmically during abandoned field succession. Tree density showed the gradual increment during the first 15 years and decreased thereafter by the self-thinning process. In the later successional stage (80 years old-field), the shoot density distribution of the tree species by DBH class showed the reverse J shaped curve and Quercus mongolica dominated. Total standing biomass increased slowly in the earlier successional stages and later successional stages, and increased rapidly during the mid-successional stages ($10{\sim}50$ years old-field). Total standing biomass in the 5, 10, 20, 50 and 80 years old-fields were estimated 5, 14, 75, 251 and 373 ton/ha, respectively. Annual net primary productivity were depicted as a parabola form showing the gradual increment during the first 35 years and declined thereafter. The increment rates of the annual net primary productivity in the earlier successional stages showed the higher value than mid-successional stages. The annual net primary productivities in the 5, 10, 20, 35, 50 and 80 years old-field were estimated 8.6, 9.3, 12.9, 15.1, 13.7 and 3.6 ton/ha/yr, respectively. The estimated P/B ratio tended to decrease exponentially during abandoned field succession. The estimated P/B ratio in the 5, 10, 20, 50 and 80 years old-field were 0.60, 0.39, 0.19, 0.06 and 0.01, respectively. These results were fairly in accordance with the bioenergetics model during the forest succession projected by Odum(1969).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.273-279
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of permissiveness of sexual violence on the relationship between gender role stereotypes and experience of sexual violence. The survey for this study was administered to 408 (male, 127, female, 281) out of the 600 university students residing in Jeju with the inventory of gender role stereotypes and experience of sexual violence in (conjunction with the) permissiveness of sexual violence scale. The results of this study were as follows: First, as a result of the correlation analysis, gender role stereotypes and experience of sexual violence were positively correlated with permissiveness of sexual violence. Second, the relationship analysis by Structural Equation Modeling demonstrated that permissiveness of sexual violence completely mediated the relationship between stereotypes of gender role and experience of sexual violence. Permissiveness of sexual violence was the most significant factor giving rise to sexual violence in dating. In the investigation of the structure of the equation coefficients and path-mediated effects, the standardized path coefficients of influence in this study, viz. gender role stereotypes to permissiveness (29, p=.000) of sexual violence and permissiveness of sexual violence to the experience of sexual violence (42, p=.000), were found to have an impact. In an indirect effect on the effectiveness of the parameters showed in gender role stereotypes and experience of sexual violence (11, p=.01), direct effects were demonstrated from stereotypes of gender role to permissiveness of sexual violence (28, p=.000) and from permissiveness of sexual violence to experience of sexual violence (40, p=.000). In the end, this implies that gender role stereotypes does not influence permissiveness of sexual violence directly, but indirectly by mediating the experience of sexual violence. Therefore, the implication of this study is that gender role stereotypes and permissiveness of sexual violence need to be reduced, so that sexual violence can be prevented. In other words, a higher awareness of gender equality will lower permissiveness of sexual violence and this, in turn, will also prevent sexual violence.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

Background: Circulating levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) provide prognostic information for patients with heart failure. The aim of our study was to investigate whether preoperative and postoperative BNP levels could predict postoperative complications and outcomes in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Material and Method: Data was collected prospectively on 30 patients (M/F=19/11, age $60.0{\pm}9.6$ years) undergoing conventional CABG during a 1-year period beginning on January 1, 2005. Patients underwent off-pump CABG, and combined surgery was excluded. The BNP assay was performed preoperatively, immediate postoperatively at the intensive care unit (ICU), and 1, 3, 5, and 7days postoperatively. Result: Preoperative BNP levels significantly correlated with preoperative echocardiographic ejection fraction and an ICU stay of 5 days or more (r=-0.4, p=0.028; r=0.39, p=0.031, respectively). A preoperative BNP cut-off value above 263 pg/mL demonstrated high specificity (90.5%) for predicting postoperative complications using the receiver operating characteristics curves. Preoperative and postoperative (7 days) BNP levels were different depending on the abscence (mean BNP=$99{\pm}23\;pg/mL$ vs. $296{\pm}74\;pg/mL$, p<0.05) and presence (mean BNP=$212{\pm}29\;pg/mL$ vs. $408{\pm}23\;pg/mL$, p<0.01). Conclusion: Preoperative BNP levels >263 pg/mL predict postoperative complications in patients receiving CABG.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.877-890
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• 2005

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different growing stages of winter cereal crops on the quality of silage materials and silages. Silages were made from the silage materials harvested at four growing stages(boot, heading, flowering, and yellow ripe) of barley, rye, oat, and wheat. Approximately 1 kg of silage materials harvested from each growing stage stored in vinyl bags with vacuum packing method and fermented at room temperature for 40 days. As the growing stages progressed, the moisture and crude protein contents of the silage materials decreased, and fiber contents(NDF, ADF and hemicellulose) increased. All the silage materials showed significantly higher contents of water soluble carbohydrate in the boot stages than in the flowering and yellow ripe stages. There was no tendency in acetic acid contents of silage materials cut at different growing stages. The overall pH of silage materials were in the range of 5.91-6.01, and there was no significant difference among growing stages. Buffering capacity of silage materials were in the range of 26.23-29.47meq/100g DM, and showed a tendency to decline as the growing stages proceeded. The moisture and crude protein contents of silages decreased significantly in all species as the growing stages proceeded, and the fiber contents vice versa. As the growing stages proceeded, the pH of the silages tended to increase, and the acetic, butyric, and lactic acid contents tended to decrease. The buffering capacity of silages had a tendency to decrease as the growing stages of winter cereal crops proceeded. Therefore, these features described above should be taken into consideration in order to make silages from winter crops economically.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of sow breeding environment on the reproduction in the first litter in a large-sized hog farm, located in Dangjin-gun, Chungnam from July 1st, 2007 to June 30th, 2008 and provide basic information to improve the sow productivity in a family farming sows. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The gestation periods were proved to be similar without significant differences between indoor and outdoor breeding grounds, The average of farrowing rate was 91.91%, and 92.54% farrowing rate of out-door ground breeding sows was slightly greater than 91.57% of group-housed sows, but there was no significance between two groups. 2. The average of total litter size and the number of born alive per litter were 9.81 and 9.02, respectively. The number of total number was 0.98 and the number of born alive per litter was 1.18 in the outdoor-ground breeding sows, which was significantly greater than group-housed sows(p<0.001). 3. The number(rate) of piglets stillborn was 0.22(2.10%) from the outdoor-ground breeding sows was significantly greater, compared with 0.33(3.53%) from group-housed sows(p<0.01). The number of piglets culled was 0.23(2.27%) and 0.26(2.77%), in the out-door ground breeding sows and in group-housed sows, respectively and it was not significantly similar between two groups. And, the number of mummies was 0.21(2.1%) and 0.28(2.29%), in the out-door ground breeding sows and in group-housed sows, respectively, which showed no significance. 4. The weaning number in the playground breeding sows was 9.48 and it was significantly greater than that in the group-housed sows(p<0.001). The average of weaned age was observed to be 22.91 days. The weaned age in the out-door ground breeding sows was 22.39 days, and it was significantly smaller than that in group-housed sows(p<0.001). The breeding rate for the weaning of pigs was satisfactory as 96.82%, but there was no significant difference between two groups.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2015

Sumaeyaksuk (Artemisia Argyi H.) is one of the original mugwort spices in Namhae-gun, Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of water extracts from dried and aging Sumaeyaksuk samples during the May-July harvest season. One (SD) was dried under shade for 12 days, while the other (AD) was aged for 7 days at $60^{\circ}C$ and then roasted for 220 minutes at over $90^{\circ}C$. Glucose was solely detected as a free sugar, and its SD and AD content were $0.42{\pm}0.02{\sim}0.43{\pm}0.01g/100g$, and $0.41{\pm}0.02{\sim}0.47{\pm}0.04g/100g$, respectively. The total phenolic contents of SD were $1.85{\pm}0.09{\sim}3.45{\pm}0.14g/100g$, which were higher than those of AD ($1.29{\pm}0.08{\sim}2.90{\pm}0.08g/100g$). The antioxidant activities of the water extract powder from each Sumaeyaksuk were assessed by different in vitro methods, such as the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP, and decoloration prevention activity in ${\beta}$-carotene linoleic system. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of AD extract were significantly higher than those of the SD extract (p<0.05). Moreover, at the concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, $500{\mu}g/mL$, the FRAP of the SD-May extract showed $1.67{\pm}0.58{\sim}489.90{\pm}7.59{\mu}M$, while the AD-July extract showed $9.70{\pm}1.07{\sim}590.40{\pm}7.45{\mu}M$. The ${\beta}$-carotene decoloration prevention activity of the SD-May and AD-July extracts were $25.53{\pm}2.85{\sim}81.43{\pm}2.56%$, $35.98{\pm}2.22{\sim}79.00{\pm}1.42%$, respectively. Based on these results, the extracts of SD-May and AD-July were promising as a functional food source due to their high antioxidant activites.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.223-235
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• 2004

Objectives: This study was to evaluate the actual condition of falls among community-dwelling elderly people and its related factors to prepare for the establishment of comprehensive prevention programs of senior population. Methods: The study subjects included 460 home residents over 65 years in a district of Chungnam Province and interviews were given to all of them, asking about experiences of falls and their related factors. The analysis of study results came to the following conclusions. Results: The rate of falls among total subjects was 35.5%. With the percentage by age and sex, over 70's and female were significantly higher than male(p=0.000) and under 69 (p=0.008). The groups with poor visual acuity and hearing ability had higher rate of falls than the normal groups based on their health status. In terms of place they experienced falls, out-door occurrence accounted for 53.4% of total falls, which was higher 46.6% of in-door. By season when falls are experienced, "winter" showed the greatest rate, and by time of the day, evening had the highest rate. By causes of falls, "Slippery ground"accounted for 30.5% and "Tumbled over" 23.5% of total falls, respectively, showing the major role of environmental causes for falls. For individual factors, "Irritability" and "Carelessness" occupied 11.3%, 10.8% of total falls, respectively. The Odds Ratios for falls in women was 2.19 times higher than in men, and those in 70's are 2.01 times higher than in 60's, and those with abnormal BMI was 3.68 times higher than in normal groups, and those with perceived symptoms was 1.94 times higher than those without. Conclusions: It is suggested that more consideration should be directed toward taking comprehensive and systematic prevention measures ranging from setting-up the injury-protective environments to allowing senior citizens to have competence in ADL activity as well as proper general health conditions, considering the higher rate of falls for elderly persons in a rural part of this country than that of western countries and the greater proportion of falls which can be ascribed to environmental factors.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2003

In order to improve some problems such as contamination of undesirable mold, mycotoxin production and excessive drying on the surface of traditional meju, we developed a capsule type-meju(CM) coated with steamed black bean and Aspergillus oryzae - rice koji(0.3％, w/w) mixture to surface of traditional meju and fermented at 25$^{\circ}C$ for 14 days under 80％ relative humidity. Contamination of undesirable mold on the surface of CM was not detected within 2 weeks and some genus Penicillium molds on control meju without koji were found naturally after 12 days of fermentation. The moisture content of meju was showed to be in the range of 34.7 - 29.4％ being 32.7％(w/w) of mean value. Titratable acidities in CMs prepared with black bean(BCM) and soybean(SCM) were much higher than that in control meju, and BCM was similar to SCM. Free sugar content in BCM(123.98 mg％) was 10 times and 2.1 times higher than that in control meju(15.02 mg％) and SCM(59.85 mg％), respectively. Amino type nitrogen content in control meju was 147.00 mg％ and its content in BCM(255.50 mg％) was 1.37 times higher than that in SCM(187.25 mg％). Total organic acid content in BCM(95.98 mg％) and SCM(1l9.98 mg％) were much higher than that in control meju(26.44 mg％), and then lactic and malic acid contents were markedly changed according to capsulation of meju. Lightness value(L) of Hunter color index was much higher in BCM than in SCM. Fatty acid composition of CM was not different as compared to control meju. Total free amino acid content in BCM(1039.70 mg％) was 4.4 times and 2.4 times higher than that in control meju(236.45 mg％) and SCM(556.07 mg％), respectively.