• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.894-900
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• 2021

This paper examines sorption of Pd(II) onto illite, MX-80 bentonite, and Queenston shale in Na-Ca-Cl solutions of varying ionic strength (IS) from 0.01 to 6.0 mol/L (M) and pH_c ranging from 3 to 9 under atmospheric conditions. A 2-site protolysis non-electrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange model was applied to the Pd sorption onto illite and MX-80 using PHREEQC, and the model results were compared to the experimental ones obtained in this work. Surface complexation and cation exchange constants were estimated for both illite and MX-80 through the optimization process to bring the predicted distribution coefficients from the model into alignment with the experimentally derived values. These optimized surface complexation constants were compared to existing linear free energy relationships (LFER).

• Carbon letters
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2015

Electrochemical synthesis was employed to prepare a novel hydroxyapatite/graphene (HAP/Gr) composite powder suitable for medical applications as a hard tissue implant (scaffold). The synthesis was performed in a homogeneous dispersion containing Na₂H₂EDTA·2H₂O, NaH₂PO₄ and CaCl₂ with a Ca/EDTA/PO₄³⁻ concentration ratio of 0.25/0.25/0.15M, along with 0.01 wt% added graphene nanosheets, at a current density of 137 mA cm⁻² and pH value of 9.0. The field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations of the composite HAP/Gr powder indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite particles were uniformly placed in the graphene overlay. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed graphene incorporation in the HAP/Gr powder. The electrochemically prepared HAP/Gr composite powder exhibited slight antibacterial effect against the growth of the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

For an efficient remediation of Pb-contaminated soil (S-1) in a clay shooting range, a soil washing test was performed with mineral acid, organic acid, chelating agent, and chloride. The Pb extraction efficiency of extractant (0.1 M) used in the washing test showed the order of HCl > $Na_2$-EDTA > NTA > DTPA > citric acid > malic acid > succinic acid > acetic acid > $CaCl_2$ > $MgCl_2$, for S-1 soil. As compared to initial Pb concentration, extraction efficiency by the concentration of extractant was 93.35%, 80.80%, 73.92%, and 24.57% in S-1 soil for HCl (0.5 M, pH 1.10), $Na_2$-EDTA (0.01 M, pH 3.99), citric acid (0.5 M, pH 1.27), and $MgCl_2$ (0.1 M, pH 8.82), respectively. S-1 soil had 56.83% of residue form and 43.17% of non-residue form (18.04% of exchangeable form), respectively. Although the concentrations of these fractions sharply decreased after HCl washing, since the exchangeable forms with relatively large mobility are still distributed as high as 18.78% (to Pb total content in residual soils) in S-1 soil, it is necessary to devise a proper management plan for residual soils after soil washing application.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamineammonium salt(cupferron)과 tetrabutylammonium ion ($TBA^+$)을 사용하여 수용액 중 미량 Mn(II)을 상승 용매 추출하는 법에 대해서 연구하였다. $TBA^+$가 존재할 때 cupferron으로 수용액 중의 Mn(II)을 추출하면 용액의 pH 4-10 범위에서 95% 이상이 추출되지만 $TBA^+$가 존재하지 않으면 거의 추출되지 않았다. 이런 조건에서 Mn(II)의 추출은 $CH_2Cl_2$나 $CHCl_3$와 같은 유기용매를 사용 할 때가 다른 비극성 용매를 사용할 때 보다 현저히 잘 추출되었으므로 여기서는 chloroform을 사용하였다. 그리고 수용액의 pH는 5로 조절하였다. 실제시료 중 존재하는 극미량의 Mn(II)을 정량하기 위해서는 chloroform에 추출된 Mn(II)을 다시 0.1 mol/L $HNO_3$용액에 역 추출하여 GF-AAS로 Mn(II)의 흡광도를 측정하였다. 본 방법으로 얻은 Mn(II)의 검출한계는 0.37 ng/mL이었고, 이 방법을 응용하여 실험실 수돗물 중 Mn(II)을 정량한 결과는 0.4-1.01 ng/mL로 얻어졌다. 이 시료에 일정량의 Mn(II)용액을 첨가하여 얻은 회수율은 94-107%이었다. 그리고 Cu(II), Ca(II), Fe(III) 등 공존하는 다른 원소는 10 내지 $20{\mu}g/mL$까지 Mn(II) 정량에 방해를 하지 않았다. 이로서 본 방법이 극미량 Mn(II)의 새로운 분석법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.473-480
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• 1997

Microorganisms producing bioemulslfiler were isolated from the sea water In Pusan coastal area. The isolated strain which had the highest emulsification activity and stability was identified as the genus Achetobacter from the results of morphological. cultural and biochemical tests and named Achetobacter sp. EL-C6 for convenience. The compositions of optimum medium for emulsification of crude oil by Acinetobacter sp. EL-C6 were crude oil 2.0%, NH4NO3 0.2%, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.01%, $MgSO_4$.$7H_2O$ 1.o%, $CaCl_2$.$2H_2O$ 0.1% and NaCl 3.0% at initial pH 7.5 and 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The cultivation for emulsification of crude ell was carried out in 500m1 shaking flask containing 100m1 of the optimum medium at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The highest emulsification was observed after 5 days. The utilization on the various hydrocarbon of the Achetobacter sp. EL-C6 showed that utilization of n-alkane compounds were better than that of aromatic compounds. Among the petroleum compounds, crude ell was best utilized by the Achetobacter sp. EL-C6.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.2771-2775
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• 2011

Poly-ethylenedioxypyrrole (PEDOP) coated thiolated multiwall carbon nanotubes palladium nanoparticles (MWCNTs-Pd) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) [PEDOP/MWCNTs-Pd/GCE] for the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and it’s isomer catechol (CA) were synthesized and compared with bare GCE and thiolated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-SH/GCE). The modification could be made by simple processes on a GCE with MWCNTs-Pd covered by PEDOP in a 0.05 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP)/MeCN solution system. A well-defined peak potential evaluation of the oxidation of hydroquinone to quinone at 0.05 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), and electrochemical reduction back to hydroquinone were found by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4. Peak current values increased linearly with increasing hydroquinone contents. The peak separation between the anodic and cathodic peaks at the PEDOP/MWCNTs-Pd/GCE was ${\Delta}Ep$ = 40 mV for HQ and ${\Delta}Ep$ = 70 mV for CA, resulting in a higher electron transfer rate. Moreover, good reproducibility, excellent storage stability, a wide linear range (0.1 ${\mu}M$ - 5 mM for HQ and 0.01 ${\mu}M$ - 6 mM for CA), and low detection limits ($2.9{\times}10^{-8}$ M for HQ and $2.6{\times}10^{-8}$ M for CA; S/N = 3) were determined using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometric responses; this makes it a promising candidate as a sensor for determination of HQ and CA.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2007

본 조사는 충북지역의 양액재배 농가에서 양액재배를 위한 지하수 수질과 양액 재배 후 버려지는 폐양액의 수질에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행되었다. 양액재배를 위한 지하수의 수질 조사는 19개 지점의 양액재배농가에서 수집하여 분석하였고, 폐양액은 그중 15개 지점을 선택하여 분석하였다. 양액재배에 이용되는 지하수의 수질 분석결과 pH의 수준은 $6.2\sim7.7$이었고, 평균은 6.8이었다. EC의 분포범위는$0.10\sim0.45$ dS $m^{-1}$ 이었고, 평균은 0.23 dS $m^{-1}$ 이었다. $NO_3-N$ 농도의 분포범위는 $0.12\sim13.77$ mg $L^{-1}$, $SO_4^{2-}$의 분포범위는 $1.84\sim63.01$ mg $L^{-1}$, 그리고 $Cl^-$의 분포범위는 $10.46\sim72.09$ mg $L^{-1}$이었다. 그들의 평균값은 각각 4.00 mg $L^{-1}$, 12.70 mg $L^{-1}$ 및 27.57 mg $L^{-1}$이었다. $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ 및 $Na^+$의 분포 범위는 각각 $3.24\sim36.99$ mg $L^{-1}$, $1.44\sim14.93$ mg $L^{-1}$ 및 $6.12\sim25.25$ mg $L^{-1}$이었고, 평균 농도 값은 $Ca^{2+}$ 13.06, $Mg^{2+}$ 6.02 및 $Na^+$ 12.08 mg $L^{-1}$이었다. 양액재배 후 버려지는 폐양액에서 pH 수준은 $4.3\sim8.8$ 이었고, 평균은 6.7이었다. EC의 분포범위는 $0.44\sim2.37$ dS $m^{-1}$이었고, 평균은 1.15 dS $m^{-1}$이었다. $NO_3-N$, $PO_4-P$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ 및 $Na^+$ 의 분포범위는 각각 $10\sim212$, $0.56\sim26.1$, $10\sim295$, $16\sim215$, $9\sim54$ 및 $10\sim53$ mg $L^{-1}$이었다. 평균 농도 값은 $NO_3-N$ 100, $PO_4-P$ 12.15, $K^+$ 99, $Ca^{2+}$ 78, $Mg^{2+}$ 26 및 $Na^+$ 26 mg $L^{-1}$이었다. 양액 재배 후 버려지는 폐양액 중의 무기성분 함량은 양액재배에 이용되는 원수에 비해 상당히 높아졌다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.779-789
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate the emulsifying properties of bovine lactoferrin in food emulsion system. First, lactoferrin solution was prepared to study its surface activities, such as surface adsorption characteristics and ${\zeta}$-potential. Second, some physicochemical properties of lactoferrin emulsion which resulted from variations of environmental conditions (i.e., pH or NaCl addition) were determined. As for surface adsorption characteristics evaluated by surface tension, it was decreased with increasing lactoferrin concentration in solution ($1{\times}10^{-5}{\rightarrow}0.2wt%$) and showed a plateau (${\fallingdotseq}44$mN/m) above 0.01 wt%. It was also changed with pH and the minimum value of 53.8 mM/m was observed at pI of lactoferrin. This was related to changes in ${\zeta}$-potential of the lactoferrin solution with respect to pH. Fat globule size of lactoferrin emulsion was decreased with increasing lactoferrin concentration and a stable emulsion was formed above 0.5 wt% lactoferrin in emulsion with fat globule size $d_{32}$ of ca. 0.33 ${\mu}m$ as confirmed by creaming stability experiment (i.e., Turbiscan). As with surface tension, fat globule size of lactoferrin emulsion also changed with pH and showed a maximum value at pI. As evaluated by Turbiscan, in the presence of NaCl, the lactoferrin emulsion showed instability in particular above 10 mM.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2021

Background: Abnormal chloride (Cl-) transport has a detrimental impact on mucociliary clearance in both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF chronic rhinosinusitis. Ginseng is a medicinal plant noted to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The present study aims to assess the capability of red ginseng aqueous extract (RGAE) to promote transepithelial Cl- secretion in nasal epithelium. Methods: Primary murine nasal septal epithelial (MNSE) [wild-type (WT) and transgenic CFTR-/-], fisher-rat-thyroid (FRT) cells expressing human WT CFTR, and TMEM16A-expressing human embryonic kidney cultures were utilized for the present experiments. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and airway surface liquid (ASL) depth measurements were performed using micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT). Mechanisms underlying transepithelial Cl- transport were determined using pharmacologic manipulation in Ussing chambers and whole-cell patch clamp analysis. Results: RGAE (at 30㎍/mL of ginsenosides) significantly increased Cl- transport [measured as change in short-circuit current (ΔISC = ㎂/㎠)] when compared with control in WT and CFTR-/- MNSE (WT vs control = 49.8±2.6 vs 0.1+/-0.2, CFTR-/- = 33.5±1.5 vs 0.2±0.3, p < 0.0001). In FRT cells, the CFTR-mediated ΔISC attributed to RGAE was small (6.8 ± 2.5 vs control, 0.03 ± 0.01, p < 0.05). In patch clamp, TMEM16A-mediated currents were markedly improved with co-administration of RGAE and uridine 5-triphosphate (8406.3 +/- 807.7 pA) over uridine 5-triphosphate (3524.1 +/- 292.4 pA) or RGAE alone (465.2 +/- 90.7 pA) (p < 0.0001). ASL and CBF were significantly greater with RGAE (6.2+/-0.3 ㎛ vs control, 3.9+/-0.09 ㎛; 10.4+/-0.3 Hz vs control, 7.3 ± 0.2 Hz; p < 0.0001) in MNSE. Conclusion: RGAE augments ASL depth and CBF by stimulating Cl- secretion through CaCC, which suggests therapeutic potential in both CF and non-CF chronic rhinosinusitis.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 1999

에스트로겐의 일종인 에스트론은 수은 전극에서 전기 화학적 행동을 보이지 않기 때문에 폴라로그래피로 직접 정량하기는 어렵다. 에스트로겐의 nitro 유도체들은 전기화학적 활성을 갖기 때문에 본 물질을 nitration시켜 전압-전류법으로 정량하였다. Nitration 반응은 sodium nitrite를 사용하여, $100^{\circ}C$ 항온조에서 30분동안 가열하였다. 순환 전압-전류법으로 에스트론의 전기 화학적 행동을 조사하였고, 시차 펄스 음극 벗김 전압-전류법으로는 미량의 에스트론을 정량하는 방법을 연구하였다. 그 결과 borate buffer 용액내에서 nitrated estrone의 환원 전위는 -0.61 V에서 선명한 봉우리를 나타내었다. Nitrated estrone은 수은 전극에서 비가역과정이고, 수은 방울에 강하게 흡착되었다. 에스트론을 정량하기 위한 최적조건은 0.05 M sodium nitrite, 0.01 M sodium borate, 흡착 수집 전위는 -0.1 V(vs. Ag/AgCl) 및 pH 11.0 이었다. 흡착 수집 시간은 2분 그리고 주사 속도는 10 mV/sec일 때 에스트론의 검출한계는 $1{\times}10^{-9}M$이었다.