• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1981

This study was undertaken to know the distribution of V. parahaemolyticus in sea fishes feeding at an aquarium and from kitchen environments of restaurants located in Masan, Kyungnam, during May and June, 1979. Results obtained are as follows: The detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus was calculated as 21.1% from 1103 specimens; as 38.1% from 336 sea fishes and as 10.4% from 675 kitchen environments. The detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus were 49.6% from 127 sea fishes feeded at an aquarium contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus and 31.1% from 209 sea fishes feeded at an aquarium not contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus. The detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus were shown as 14.6% from 261 kitchen environments having an V. parahaemolyticus contaminated aquarium but as 7.7% from 414 kitchen environments of restaurants having an aquarium not contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2004

Fifty-two pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from the environments of Busan and Yeosu, Korea. Forty-three of these strains showed protease activities, whereas 4 strains showed $\alpha / \beta$ hemolysin activities and 6 strains had urease activities. Their pathogenic factors were not overlapping except one strain, which had both protease and hemolysin activities. The 6 urease-positive strains (V. parahaemolyticus YKB4, YKB14, S25, YFB20, YFO21, and YFO22) showed the same biochemical characteristics as a reference strain [V. parahaemolyticus KCTC 2471 (urease-negative)], except for urease production. The 6 urease-positive strains showed different urease activities in their culture supernatant during the growth. The urease activity of S25 increased sharply at the late exponential phase, and was the highest at the initial stationary phase and was kept until the late stationary phase. The other 5 isolates, except C25, showed urease activities at the mid-stationary phase and increased steadily until the late stationary phase, when the urease activity was maximal. To compare the degree of virulence of V. parahaemolyticus with different pathogenic factors, hemolysin, protease, or urease-positive strains were injected into groups of 10 each of ICR mice (7- to l0-week-old males). The lethal rates of urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus, YKB14, YKB4, and S25, were significantly high, being 50, 70, and 80%, respectively. Protease-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains FM39 and FM50 showed 40% and 60% of lethal rate, respectively. Hemolysin-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains S34 and S72 had no mortality, similar to nonpathogenic V. parahaemolyticus FM12.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2000

This study was focused on the isolation of pathogenic Vibrio species, V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus from marine environment from May to July of 1999. Isolation sites were coast near by Pusan and Daechon. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Seventy strains of V. parahaemolyticus and 19 strains of V. vulnificus were isolated from a total of 120 specimens. 2. Nineteen strains of V. vulnificus did not fermented arabinose and salicin but fermented lactose and cellobiose. All of V. parahaemolyticus isolates did not fermented lactose and cellobiose. 47 strains of V. parahaemolyticus fermented arabinose but 53 strains did not fermented salicin. 3. V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates showed three different API index numbers with 5046105 and 4346107 dominant. 4. V. vulnificus did not grow on 0% and 8% NaCl containing medium. V. parahaemolyticus grew on 8% NaCl containing medium. 5. V. vulnificus isolates and V. parahaemolyticus revealed different outer membrane protein profiles on SDS-PAGE.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.173-175
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• 2000

V. parahaemolyticus 종류들이 gelatin분해 확인 실험에서 큰 clear zone을 형성했고, V. alginolyticus 분리균주도 V. parahaemolyticus와 비슷한 clear zone을 형성했다. V. fluvialis KCTC 2473은 clear zone을 형성하지 못했다. Hemolytic activity측정 실험에서는 V. parahaemolyticus 분리균주(2)가 가장 활성이 크게 나타났고, V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, V. parahaemolyticus 분리균주(1)과 V. mimicus ATCC 33653도 높은 활성을 나타냈으며, 나머지 다른 비브리오균은 활성이 나타나지 않았다. Azocasein분해 활성 실험에서는 V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, 분리균주(1), 분리균주(2)는 200EU/m1전후로 활성이 높게 나타났고, 나머지는 110EU/ml전후로 활성이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1672-1683
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• 2021

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as one of the most important foodborne pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. The bla_CARB-17 gene is an intrinsic β-lactamase gene and a novel species-specific genetic marker of V. parahaemolyticus. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay combined with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed targeting this bla_CARB-17 gene. The specificity of LAMP-LFD was ascertained by detecting V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 and seven other non-V. parahaemolyticus strains. Finally, the practicability of LAMP-LFD was confirmed by detection with V. parahaemolyticus-contaminated samples and natural food samples. The results showed that the optimized reaction parameters of LAMP are as follows: 2.4 mmol/l Mg²⁺, 0.96 mmol/l dNTPs, 4.8 U Bst DNA polymerase, and an 8:1 ratio of inner primer to outer primer, at 63℃ for 40 min. The optimized reaction time of the LFD assay is 60 min. Cross-reactivity analysis with the seven non-V. parahaemolyticus strains showed that LAMP-LFD was exclusively specific for V. parahaemolyticus. The detection limit of LAMP-LFD for V. parahaemolyticus genomic DNA was 2.1 × 10^-4 ng/μl, corresponding to 630 fg/reaction and displaying a sensitivity that is 100-fold higher than that of conventional PCR. LAMP-LFD in a spiking study revealed a detection limit of approximately 6 CFU/ml, which was similar with conventional PCR. The developed LAMP-LFD specifically identified the 10 V. parahaemolyticus isolates from 30 seafood samples, suggesting that this LAMP-LFD may be a suitable diagnostic method for detecting V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic foods.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the antibacterial effect of Caesalpinia sappan and Coptis chinensis extract against B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus. Methods : Methanol extracts of C. sappan and C. chinensis was tested against B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus by paper disc method. Results : The growth of B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus was inhibited by C. sappan and C. chinensis extract among 6 kinds of medicinal plant extracts. The extract of C. sappan and C. chinensis extract inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and B. cereus, respectively. The growth of B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus had a tendency to increase depend on the concentration of the extract. EtOEt and EtOAc fractions and EtOEt and BuOH fractions of the C. sappan extract had a high antibacterial activity against B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. And, BuOH and $H_2O$ fractions of the C. chinensis extract showed antibacterial activity against B. cereus highly. Conclusions : C. sappan and C. chinensis extract efficiently inhibited the growth of B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2004

A total of 52 pathogenic Vibrio strains was isolated from the Gwangan Beach during summer in 2003. The isolated vibrios were composed of 6 different species: V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae non O1, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, and V. mimicus. V. parahaemolyticus was most predominant as $46\%$ (24/52), V. cholerae non O1 was the second with $23\%$ (12/52), and V. fluvialis was the third with $17\%$ (9/52). Among the isolated strains, 22 strains showed hemolytic, proteolytic or ureolytic activity. Eight strains showed both hemolysin and protease activities, and either 6 strains showed only hemolysin activities and 7 strains only protease activities. Only one strain of V. parahaemolyticus isolates showed urease activity. The urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus strain (V. parahaemolyticus S25) showed the same biochemical characteristics as the reference strain, V. parahaemolyticus KCTC 2471 (urease­negative) except for urease production. To compare the degree of virulence of Vibrio strains having different pathogenic factors, hemolysin, protease, or urease-positive strains were injected into groups of 10 each of ICR mice (7- to l0-week-old male). The lethal rate of urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus S25 was significantly high, being $70\%$. Protease-positive strains showed $40-60\%$ of lethal rate. Hemolysin-positive strains showed no mortality, similar to non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus KCTC 2471 and V. parahaemolyticus FM12.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2004

Five urease-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from Kamak Bay in Yeosu in 2002 and 2003. V. parahaemolyticus YKB4 and YKB14 were isolated from seawater, YFB20 from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), and YFO2l and YFO22 from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The five urease-positive strains (YKB4, YKB14, YFB20, YFO21, and YFO22) did not show hemolysin and protease activity, while they did alter in color (to red) as the bacteria grew in the urea broth medium. All samples showed identical biochemical characteristics as a reference strain, V. parahaemolyticus KCTC2471, except in urease production. The five urease-positive strains showed urease activities at a mid stationary phase, and their activity was maximal in the late stationary phase of their culture supernatant. The addition of urea to the Luria-Bertani (LB) broth medium significantly affected the initial production of urease of V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Mortality by urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus YKB4, YKB14, YFO2l, and YFO22 was significantly high, being$60-80\%$, while YFB20 only reflected a rate of $20\%$. Protease-positive V. parahaemolyticus FM39 and FM50 showed a $40\%$ and $60\%$ mortality rate, respectively. However, hemolysin-positive V. parahaemolyticus had no mortality, like the non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus KCTC2471, while V. vulnificus resulted in a $40\%$ mortality rate. Injection with urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains showed mortality within 12 hrs in mice, and the strains could be isolated from the dead mice.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.233-237
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• 1976

충무연안의 한실포에서 인평포에 이르는 굴${\cdot}$홍합 양식장(Fig.1)을 중심으로 1975년 7월부터 1976년 9월까지 매월, 해수, 이토, 굴 및 담치에서 V.parahaemolyticus와 V. alginolyticus의 분포를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 해수, 이토, 굴 및 담치, 420개 시료에서 parahaemolyticus 51균주와 V. alginolyticus 160 균주를 분리하였다. 2. 월별분리율은 7월-9월에 가장 높았다. 3. 시료별 parahaemolyticus의 분리율은 이토$(28\%)$, 해수$(24\%)$, 담치$(5\%)$ 및 굴$(4.2\%)$의 순이였다. 4. 조사지점별 분리율은 station 1 과 5가 다른 조사지점에 비해 가장 높았다. 5. 분리된 211 균주의 형태적 생리적 생화학적성상은 전형적인 parahaemolyticus 및 V. alginolyticus와 및 일치하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.596-604
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• 2019

Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes food poisoning, mainly via marine fisheries products. We investigated the virulence factors and drug resistance of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from fisheries products purchased from the Yeosu Fisheries Market. The isolates were identified using a variety of biochemical tests and the detection of toxR and hns gene. The presence of the virulence factor-encoding genes tdh and trh in the isolates was also investigated by PCR. The resistance of the isolates to 13 antibacterial agents was tested using the disc-diffusion method and carriage of β-lactamase genes and class 1 integrons by ampicillin-resistant isolates was investigated by PCR. Four of seventeen isolates identified as V. parahaemolyticus by biochemical tests produced a species-specific PCR band. Those isolates showed >98% 16S rRNA gene sequence homology with V. parahaemolyticus and only one isolate harbored the tdh gene. All of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin; moreover, VPA0477, a class A β-lactamase gene, and class 1 integrons were detected. Therefore, V. parahaemolyticus from fisheries products represents a low risk to human health. Also, V. parahaemolyticus is likely to develop multidrug resistance because it has class 1 integrons.