• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.441-441
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• 2010

Hyperthermal neutral beam (HNB)은 박막 성장에 필요한 에너지와 반응 입자들을 동시에 공급할 수 있기 때문에 특히, 저온에서 박막을 성장시킬 때 매우 유용하다. 이와 같은 목적으로 race track 형태의 자기장 구조를 갖고 있는 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma를 이용한 HNB 소스를 개발하였다. HNB 소스에서 인출되는 입자들은 중성 입자 뿐만 아니라 이온이나 전자와 같은 하전 입자들로 구성되어 있다. 그러나 양질의 HNB를 얻기 위해서는 하전 입자들의 구성 비율을 최소화해야 한다. HNB 소스는 하전 입자의 구성 비율을 1 % ($1{\mu}A/cm^2$) 이하가 되도록 설계되었다. 이것을 위해서 영구 자석의 자기장을 이용한 plasma limiter를 설계하였다. 대부분의 전자는 limiter 앞에 형성된 자기장의 구조와 반응하여 주로 gradient B drift와 curvature drift를 통하여 차단되고, 이온은 로렌츠 힘을 받아 빔 축으로 부터 벗어나도록 하였다. Limiter의 특성을 연구하기 위해서 정전탐침을 limiter에서 빔 축 방향으로 이동시키면서 I-V 곡선과 이온 포화 전류 및 전자 포화 전류를 측정하였다. 측정 결과를 바탕으로 plasma limiter의 성능을 검증하였고 문제점을 논의하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior and characteristics of rubber springs and calculate the compressive stiffness by performing dynamic compression tests of rubber springs. In order to carry out the dynamic compression test of rubber spring, total 9 rubber springs were tailored by calculating the shape factor of L80-D55, L90-D58, and L100-D60, and used for the experiments. Experiments were performed by controlling the compression according to the length of the rubber spring, and the compression was increased in the order of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of the strain. From the experimental results, the force-strain curves were obtained and it was confirmed that strength decrease and strength increase phenomenon occurred as the strain increased. In addition, it was confirmed that the decrease of stiffness and the increase of stiffness were clearly observed according to the size and diameter of the rubber spring, and the effective compression stiffness was estimated using the slope of the force-strain curve. By using the effective compressive stiffness, design values that can be used in actual design were presented.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.2 s.54
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• pp.165-171
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• 2009

This research developed two semi-active MR dampers whose gaps in the orifice area were different from each other, and evaluated their damping performance by loading tests. The Damping performance of MR dampers characteristically depends on various factors like their material and mechanical ones, but most importantly on the size of gap in the orifice area. For this research, we designed the orifice gaps of two dampers as each 1.0mm and 2.0mm, both with the 80mm outer diameter of the orifice. We also designed two loading test sets with different input currents, and acquired different control ability from them. The acquired test results were analyzed and evaluated with their maximum and minimum damping force and also their dynamic range from the force-displacement hysteresis loops and the force-input current relationship curve. This research clearly proved how the damping performance of control devices depends on the gap effect, and also presented a possibility that the two dampers developed in this research could be used for the smart control of construction structures by effectively adapting the input current and the number of coil turns.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.2 s.54
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• pp.172-180
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• 2009

Normally in order to build a semi-active control system equipped with MR damper, the dynamic modeling of the damper is required to numerically predict its dynamic damping force and also its behavioral characteristics. For the dynamic modeling of the MR damper, this paper attempts to predict and evaluate its dynamic behavior by applying specifically both a power model and a Bingham model. Dynamic loading tests were performed on the squeeze type of damper specially designed for this research, and force-displacement hysteresis loops confirmed the effectiveness of the damper as a semi-active control device. In the meantime, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of each model applied, the model parameter for each model was identified. On the basis of the parameter, we derived the error ratio of the force-velocity relationship curve and the dynamic damping force, which was contrasted and compared with the experimental results of the squeeze type of damper. Finally, the squeeze type of MR damper developed in this research was proved to be valid as a semi-active control device, and also the evaluation of the two dynamic models showed they were working fine so that they were likely to be easily utilized to numerically predict the dynamic characteristics of any dampers with MR fluid as well as the squeeze type of MR damper.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.64-69
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• 2018

The high-velocity electromagnetic forming (EMF) process is based on the Lorentz force and the energy of the magnetic field. The advantages of EMF include improved formability, wrinkle reduction, and non-contact forming. In this study, the electromagnetic-structural interlocking analysis was performed in order to analyze the moldability of aluminum pipe using electromagnetic molding. The magnetic flux density was decreased due to increasing electrical resistance as the temperature increased, and the stress-strain curve decreased. The higher the temperature, the lower the flow stress, increasing deformation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 1981

The texture characteristics, crispness and brittleness, of the barley flake developed by FRI in 1980 were measured with both sensory and instrumental methods. Bend and penetration test were done to determine those characteristics instrumentally, and compared each other and with sensory evaluation. And the changes in those characteristics with various water activity were studied, and the textural critical water activity was acquired. The shelf-life was also estimated with various packaging materials. It was found that crispness could be represented as the reciprocal of deformation and brittleness as that of fracture force in the barley flake. Both crispness and brittleness decreased as water activity increased. And the results from the penetration test correlated better with those from the sensory evaluation than the bend test's. The average shelf-life of the barley flake was 43 days in PE film and 9400 days in laminated Al foil on the basis of only textural characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.79-90
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• 2007

Behaviors of instrumented steel sheet piles which are installed in sand ground by vibratory hammer were investigated. Especially, stresses acting on the pile during vibratory driving, efficiency factor which reflects differences between theoretical driving force and actually delivered acting force, justifiability of rigidity of steel sheet pile, dynamic resistance characteristics of soil and penetration characteristics of sheet pile were analysed. According to the field test results it is justifiable that steel sheet pile behaves as a rigid body during vibratory driving. And it can be seen that maximum stress acting on sheet pile section is far less than tensile strength of the material. Value of the maximum section force at sheet pile head was 72% of that estimated from theoretical equation. Magnitudes of displacement amplitudes computed from displacement-time history curve corresponding to four penetration depths were in the range of 16 $\sim$ 75% of that specified by manufacturer.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3A
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• pp.473-484
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• 2006

The capacity spectrum method (CSM) can be used to simply estimate the maximum displacement response of the nonlinear structures. To evaluate seismic performance of multi-span bridges using the CSM, the representative response for structural system should be derived from the multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) responses by using the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDOF) method. The ESDOF method is used to calculate the capacity curve of the structural system from the pushover curves of all piers or structural members estimated by the pushover analysis. In order to evaluate an accuracy of ESDOF methods used in the CSM, the maximum displacements estimated by the CSM incorporating the several ESDOF methods are compared to those by the inelastic time-history analysis for several artificial earthquakes corresponding to the design spectrum.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 1988

A probabilistic model for the failure in a homogeneous soil slope is presented. The Safety of the slope is measured through its probability of failure rather than the customary factor of safety. The safety margin of slope failure is assumed to follow a normal distribution. Sources of uncertainties affecting characterization of soil property in a homogeneous soil layer include inherent spatial variability., estimation error from insufficient samples, and measurement errors. Uncertainties of the shear strength-along potential failure surface are expressed by one-dimensional random field models. The rupture surface, created at toe of a soil slope, has been considered to propagate towards the boundary along a path following an exponential (log-spiral) law. Having derived the statistical characteristics of the rupture surface and of the forces which act along it, the probability of failure of the slope was found. Finally the developed procedure has been applied in a case study to yield the reliability of a soil slope.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.289-296
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• 2012

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used for imaging surfaces and measuring surface forces at the nano-scale. Force calibration is important for the quantitative measurement of forces at the nano-scale using AFM. Normal force calibration is relatively straightforward, whereas the lateral force calibration is more complicated since the lateral stiffness of the cantilever is often comparable to the contact stiffness. In this work, the lateral force calibrations of the rectangular cantilever were performed using torsional Sader's method, thermal noise method, and wedge calibration method. The lateral optical lever sensitivity for the thermal noise method was determined from the friction loop under various normal forces as well. Experimental results showed that the discrepancies among the results of the different methods were as large as 30% due to the effect of the contact stiffness on the lateral force calibration of the cantilever used in this work. After correction for the effect of contact stiffness, all the calibration results agreed with each other, within experimental uncertainties.