• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.198-200
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• 1985

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.111.1-111.1
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• 2010

석탄가스화복합발전(IGCC: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)의 고온 고압 합성가스로부터 $CO_2$를 저비용으로 포집하기 위한 연소전 포집 기술 중 유동층 촉진수성가스전환(SEWGS) 공정이 제안되어 연구개발 중에 있다. 연소전 $CO_2$ 포집을 위한 SEWGS 공정은 동일한 2탑 순환 유동층 반응기에서 고온 고압의 합성가스($H_2$, CO)를 유동층 WGS 촉매를 사용하여 CO를 $CO_2$로 전환하는 동시에 전환반응으로 생성된 $CO_2$를 흡수제를 이용하여 포집하는 기술이다. 본 연구는 $CO_2$ 회수와 WGS 반응이 동시에 이루어지는 공정에 적용 가능한 건식 재생 흡수제 및 유동층 WGS 촉매 개발을 목표로 $CO_2$ 흡수제(P Series) 및 WGS 촉매(PC Series) 조성을 제안하고 분무건조기를 이용하여 6~8kg/batch로 성형 제조하였다. 제조된 $CO_2$ 흡수제 및 촉매의 특성 평가 결과 내마모도(Attrition resistance)를 포함한 물리적 특성이 유동층 공정의 요구조건을 만족하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 모사 석탄 합성가스를 이용하여 20bar, $200^{\circ}C$ 흡수/$400^{\circ}C$ 재생 조건에서 열중량 분석기(TGA) 및 가압 유동층(Fluidized-bed) 반응기를 통한 흡수제의 $CO_2$ 흡수능 평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과 내마모도(AI) 3% 이하로 기계적 강도가 우수하며, $CO_2$ 흡수능 17.6 wt%(TGA) 및 11wt%(가압 유동층)를 나타냈다. 유동층 WGS 특성 평가 결과 내마모도가 7~35%로 우수하였고, CO 전환율은 $200^{\circ}C$에서 80% 이상으로, 유동층 SEWGS 공정에 적용 가능한 특성을 확인하였다.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.10 no.6 s.93
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• pp.25-31
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• 1989

제초제의 해독제란 제초제 약해로부터 작물을 선택적으로 보호하는 화합물을 의미한다. 현재 사용되고 있는 제초제 해독제는 작물에 흡수, 이행되는 제초제의 양을 줄여주거나 작물체내에서 제초제의 대사작용 속도를 촉진하여 무독성화 시킴으로써 작물의 약해를 경감시킨다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.96-99
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• 1986

Absorption enhancing effect of 5 MSA-Na at the mucous memberanes of the rectum and duodenum was studied via in vitro sac test. There were no significant differences between two membranes. Effect of 5MSA-Na on the transfer of CMZ to the tissue was also studied via in situ loop method. There was no significant difference at the duodenum, compared to the control when CMZ was administered intravenously. Transfer of CMZ to the loop of the rectum was increased in the presence of 5MSA-Na compared to the control, which might be attributed to the enhanced permeability of the mucous memberane of the rectum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 1992

The aim of this research is to obtain a basic quantitative understanding of the effect of a noncondensable gas on the absorption of water vapor by a $H_2O$ / LiBr combination with n-octanol as the surfactant. Nonflowing aqueous solutions of LiBr (40,45,50 mass％) were exposed to saturated water vapor following the addition of an n-octanol sufactant (0.01 and 0.6 mass％). A small amount of a noncondensable gas (air) was allowed into the absorber (0.03 volume％) and its effect was analyzed by measuring the amount of water vapor absorbed. This study will aid to predict the performance of heat pump and safety operating condition when the noncondensable gas is not allowed in the absorber The results indicate that, in the presence of small amounts of a noncondensable gas, vapor absorption enhancement ratios are less than half o( those obtained under the same experimental conditions when a noncondensable gas is not present (1). The presence of a noncondensable gas causes the partial vapor pressure of air to increase at the vapor / liquid interface, which results in an instability of vapor absorption rate nd. hence, in an inhibition of interfacial disturbance.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

The formidable barrier property of the stratum cornemum and the high hydrophilicity of active ingredient make it difficult to permeate through the skin and reach to its site of action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of a hydrophilic cosmetic active ingredient, such as arbutin. The enhancing effects of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) on the permeation of a hydrophilic cosmetic active ingredient were evaluated by using Franz diffusion cell. The study indicated that NMP has considerable influence on the skin permeability. NMP was not only the most effective enhancer but also increased the skin permeability of arbutin approximately 1.3~1.5 fold compared with control without penetration enhancer. The lag time did not change with NMP, which suggested no effect of NMP on skin lipid fluidity. This suggest that arbutin co-permeated with NMP. The results indicate NMP is effective enhancer of a hydrophilic cosmetic active ingredient in penetration, with potential applications for drug delivery system.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2022

Lupeol is a type of pentacyclic triterpene and has been reported to have pharmacological activities against various diseases; however, the effect of lupeol on glucose absorption has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lupeol on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Lupeol significantly facilitated glucose uptake by translocating glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which was related to activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and 5 'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. In the PI3K/AKT pathway, lupeol stimulates the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), which activates PI3K. Its activation by lupeol promotes the phosphorylation of AKT, but not the atypical protein kinase C isoforms ζ and λ. Lupeol also promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK. The activation of AMPK increased the expressions of the plasma membrane GLUT4 and the intracellular glucose uptake. The increase in the glucose uptake by lupeol was suppressed by wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) and compound C (AMPK inhibitor) in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results indicate that lupeol can facilitate glucose uptake by increasing insulin sensitivity through the stimulation of the expression of plasma membrane glucose transporter type 4 via the PI3K/AKT and AMPK pathways in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.39-42
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• 1998

1. 서론 : 막을 경계로 접촉한 두 상(phase)간의 물질전달에 의해 물질을 효과적으로 분리해내는 막접촉기(membrane contactor) 방식은 추출이나 흡수에 적용되고 있다. 이것은 고전적인 충전탑이 갖는 접촉면적의 한계, 불안정한 유체유동의 단점을 가급적 극복할 수 있다는 측면에 있다. 막접촉방식의 하나인 막 흡수법의 경우, 흡수제(absorbent)를 정지시킨 contained(혹은, supported) liquid membrane 방식에서 인공폐의 원리를 기초로 독립적으로 분리시킨 흡수와 탈착모듈간의 계속 순환시키는 circulatory membrane absorber방식이 제안되었다.(생략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.4 s.103
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• pp.124-133
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• 2006

Human hair could be damaged by various physicochemical conditions and treatment. Permanent and decoloring treatment were the most serious factor on hair damage. The new permanent wave lotion containing Permeation enhancers such as Cremophor EL, Transcutol and propylene glycol based on cysteine permanent wave lotion were prepared. Efficiency of permanent wave and hair damage following pH of permanent wave lotion and addition of permeation enhancer were investigated. PH of solution, wave efficiency, loss of protein from hair, morphology of hair by SEM and solubility of alkaline solution were evaluated. The addition of Cremophor EL and Transcutol with ethanol increased permanent wave efficacy and decreased hair damage effectively. They diminished permanent wave lotion's pH and augmented permanent wave lotion's penetration compare to cysteine permanent wave lotion. new permanent wave lotion containing permeation enhancers such as Cremophor EL could be a good candidate for a new permanent wave lotion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.762-770
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• 2022

Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes can be alleviated by promoting cellular glucose uptake. Betulinic acid (3β,-3-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid compound. Although there have been studies on the antidiabetic activity of betulinic acid, studies on cellular glucose uptake are lacking. We investigated the effects of betulinic acid on glucose uptake and its mechanism of action in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Betulinic acid significantly stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1-tyrosine (IRS-1tyr) in the insulin signaling pathway, which in turn stimulated the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt). The activation of PI3K and Akt by betulinic acid translocated glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane (PM-GLUT4), thereby increasing the expression of PM-GLUT4 and thus stimulating cellular glucose uptake. Betulinic acid also significantly increased the phosphorylation/activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The activation of PI3K and AMPK by betulinic acid was confirmed using the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and the AMPK inhibitor compound C. The increase in glucose uptake induced by betulinic acid was significantly decreased by wortmannin and compound C in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results suggest that betulinic acid stimulates glucose uptake by activating PI3K and AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.