• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.79-81
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• 2015

해사노동협약이 2013년 8월 20일부로 발효되었다. 해사노동협약의 여러 규정들 중에 최소휴식시간 규정은 선원의 근로조건과 직결되는 사항이기도 하며 선주의 비용적 측면에서도 중요한 사항이다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 최소휴식시간 규정이 어떻게 적용되고 있는지를 실제 선박에 승선하고 있는 선원들을 대상으로 설문을 시행하여 208명의 응답을 분석하였다. 응답자의 80% 이상이 국제항해에 종사하는 선원이었으며 설문결과 73% 이상의 선원이 해사노동협약에 대한 이해도를 어느 정도 가지고 있었다. 그러나 70% 정도의 응답자가 최소휴식시간 규정이 준수되지 않고 있다고 응답하였으며 그러한 이유로 바쁜 선박일정과 이로인하 과도한 업무부하를 지적하였다. 그럼에도 응답자의 90% 이상이 최소휴식시간규정 미 준수에 대한 보상은 거의 이루어지고 있지 않다고 응답고 근무시간도 실제로 작성하기 보다는 관련 검사를 통과하기 위해서 실제와는 다르게 축소하여 작성하는 경우가 90% 이상 이었다. 이러한 문제점들에 대한 해결하는 방법으로 해사노동협약에서 언급하고 있는 선원불만 고충처리 제도를 활용한 경우는 4%에 불과 했다. 전체적으로 국내 선원들은 최소휴식시간과 관련된 규정과 이의 적용에 대해서 매우 부정적인 생각을 가지고 있는 상황이었고 선원들은 이에 대한 해결 방안으로 승무정원 증가, 선원노조의 충실한 역할, 선주의 인식 변화 등을 제시하였다.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.639-647
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varied resistance training intensities and rest intervals between training sets on integral electromyography (iEMG), repetition rate, and total work. All subjects, 14 college students, were tested one repetition maximum (1RM). Then, all subjects were weekly tested with 9 practice procedures, composed of diverse intensities (60, 75, 90% of 1RM) and rest intervals (1, 3, 5 min). As results show, to maintain the same load and target repetition maximum for an untrained person, muscular power training (90% of 1RM), muscular hypertrophy training (75% of 1RM), and muscular endurance training (60% of 1RM) should be applied with 5 min or longer rest interval periods for 3 training sets. In addition, 2 training sets with 3 min rest intervals and a set with an 1 min rest interval were capable by the subjects. Thus, at least 3 min or longer rest intervals should be applied to maintain multiple training sets. In case for muscular endurance training, which requires shorter rest intervals, the intensity of exercise should be adjusted to 60% of 1RM or less. In conclusion, depending on diverse purposes of resistance training such as improving muscular power, muscular hypertrophy, or muscular endurance, appropriate exercise intensity and rest intervals should be applied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.709-716
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• 2018

In 2017, there was an accident in which a cadet onboard training was killed. This cadet worked 12 hours a day. No regulation has yet been laid down to define hours and breaks for interns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the working status of commissioned training, the satisfaction survey of commissioned training, and to improve the treatment of commissioned trainees. The survey was conducted on students commissioned from merchant vessels, and 461 respondents answered the questionnaire. The results of the survey are as follows. First, 43.0 % of cadets said that they worked 10 hours a day on average, regardless of the vessel type, and 35.2 % said that the average rest time was 8 hours. 15.6 % of respondents said they had worked more than 12 hours. Unreasonable order cases deviating from the purpose of education were "making ramen, working at rest time, instruction of dangerous work, making night snack and private errands." Second, the satisfaction level of cadets who practiced on LNG carriers was high, while the satisfaction level of cadets on bulk carriers and container carriers was low. It was confirmed that the ship's size, ship's age, working hours, rest time and training support costs had little minor effect on educational satisfaction. Lastly, 56.8 % of the cadets answered 'commissioned training is like work.' Based on the results of the questionnaires, we proposed the following improvement methods; providing legislation for working hours and rest time for commissioned training cadets, protection system against violence and sexual harassment and victim protection. This study focuses on the working and rest time of merchant ship's cadet and it is meaningful to investigated the onboard training satisfaction by ship's type, size and age.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.235-251
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• 2005

German working hour law of 1994(Arbeitszeitgesetz) provides maximum working hour as 8 hours a day and 48 hours per week. The law provides that minimum 11 hours rest-time is required between the end of a day's work and the beginning of the next day's work. Namely, the hour that the workers are put under commanding of the user is restricted within 13 hours per day. In the meantime, article 5, 7, 14, and 15 of the law have some letting the exceptional provisions regarding the working hour and rest-time of flight crew, and 2nd administrative order for the aviation transportation business owner, which is established based on such exceptional provisions(2.DV LuftBO), provides the working hour and rest-time of flight crew quite in detail. The administrative order is detailed quite regarding block time, flight working hour, and rest-time. So, it does not need to interpret additionally. Airlines in Korea should observe the both Labor Standard Act applying to general workers and Aviation Act focused on flight crew, so it is difficult that airlines manages working hour and rest-time of the flight crew efficiently. Therefore, it is desirable that our country refers to and considers adopting this legislation method of Germany which regulates working hour and rest-time of flight crew in detail in the 2.DV LuftBO.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2014

The actual observance of hours of rest became one of the main checking items of PSC after enter into force of Maritime Labour Convention in 20 August 2013. And the non-compliances of the rest hours stipulated in the provisions of Seafare's Act of Korea and MLC is occuring and this would be the great obstruction for the shuttle vessels operating between Korea and Japan. In this study, to find the method which could give solution for the observance of provisions of rest hours, the modified duty model, reduction of calling ports and substitute of port duty by shore assistance personnel were reviewed. To comply with the requirement of hours of rest by shuttle vessels operating between Korea and Japan, adoption of the method to reduce calling ports or substitution of port duty by shore personnel are recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2000

지리산국립공원 동부지구의 주요 등산로를 대상으로 운동부하 보행속도 휴식시간 비율을 조사한 결과 순수 보행시간 중 운동부하는 거림-세석평전구간이 92,4% 이며 장터목-천왕봉구간이 91.3%로 조사되었다 또한 중산리-장터목구간이 86.9% 세석평전-장터목구간이 85.3%로 조사되었다 보행속도는 장터목-천왕봉 구간이 3.97km/hr 세석평전-장터목구간이 3.06km/hr 로 조사되었으며 거림-세석평전구간은 2.23km/hr 중산리-장터목구간은 2.02km/hr,조사되었다 전체등산시간중 휴식시간의 비율은 거림-세석평전구간이 26.0%이며 중산리-장터목구간이 22.6%로 조사되었다 세석평전-장터목구간은 3.0% 장터목-천왕봉구간은 0%로 조사되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.621-624
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• 2000

중량물을 다루는 작업들 중 허리를 이용한 들기 작업은 LBP(Low Back Pain) 및 기타 상해들을 유발한다. 실제 작업장에서 허리 상해에 대한 문제가 중요하게 부각됨에도 불구하고, 허리근육을 대상으로 피로회복의 효과에 대한 연구가 적절하게 제시되고 있지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 Sub-maximal상태에서 유발된 근육의 피로가 초기 상태로 회복되기 위한 휴식시간을 EMG를 통하여 정량적으로 산정하였다. 그 결과, 휴식시간에 따른 피로 회복이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본 결과는 허리요소작업이 들어 있는 실제작업장에서 작업의 반복에 따른 적절한 휴식시간을 정량적으로 제시하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공함으로써 허리에 관련된 근골격계 질환을 예방하고자 하는데 이용될 수 있는 것으로 기대한다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2018

2016년 7월~2018년 2월까지 해운회사의 상선에서 위탁실습을 다녀온 4학년 학생을 대상으로 위탁실습생의 근로실태 및 실습만족도에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 평균 근로시간은 10시간, 최소 휴식시간은 4시간 미만이 가장 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 실습 만족도에 대하여 만족 또는 보통 수준을 보였으며, 벌크선과 컨테이너선에서 실습한 학생들의 만족도가 다소 낮게 나왔다. 라면 끓이기, 휴식 중 작업, 야식 준비 등 실습 목적 외 부당한 지시를 받는 사례가 다수 있었다. 실습생은 선원법 상 선원이 아닌 자로 분류되어 있다. 이로 인해 근로시간 또는 휴식시간 등에 대해 보호를 받지 못하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 또한 일부 해운회사에서는 실습교육을 가장한 실질적 근로(노동) 인력으로 활용하고 있는 사례가 있어 이에 대한 대책 마련이 시급하다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2011

Purpose: The most common symptoms of eyes on VDT syndrome and symptoms-related the factors were investigated. Methods: Self-questionnaire for VDT syndrome was done with 250 teachers from 1st to 15th October, 2010, and the data from 231 teachers (68 male, 163 female) was statistically analyzed to find the factors related to ocular symptoms. Results: The most common ocular symptom on VDT syndrome was 'feeling of eyes fatigue', and the factors which have correlation significantly to ocular symptoms were regular exercise, ages, VDT work time, and regular resting. Conclusions: Taking a rest and regular exercise contribute to relieve the ocular symptoms related to VDT syndrome.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.273
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011