• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The Stream/River Ecosystem Survey and Health Assessment has been carried out regarding the ecological health of the streams by the Ministry of Environment (MOE), South Korea. However, the sources of impairment of the stream ecosystem and the interactions between the sources, stressors, and the responses of impaired streams have not been taken into consideration. The purpose of this study is to propose the establishment of diagnosis systems for the impaired stream ecosystem because of the need to incorporate the same in the making of the policy to enable the recovery and improvement of the health of the impaired streams or river ecosystem. First, we define the concept of a diagnosis of the impaired stream or river ecosystem through a literature review. Second, through case studies [e.g., US CADDIS (Causal Analysis/Diagnosis Decision Information System), AUS. Eco Evidence, EU WFD (Water Framework Directive)], we try to develop the diagnosis system for the making of policy. In this study, the diagnosis system that is proposed consists of eight steps including the basic data collection, detecting or suspecting impairment, defining the impaired stream reach, identifying the biological impaired cases and listing the candidate causes, illustrating the interactive conceptual diagrams between stressors and responses, investigating the stressors-responses in the field, verifying causes and identifying the probable causes of the impaired cases, and summarizing and proposing the restoration of the streams. The results of this study will support and enable efficient decision-making for sustainable stream restoration and management based on the diagnosis of the probable causes for the impaired complex and the diverse stream ecosystem.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.383-398
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• 2009

We have investigated chemical properties of the pigments and carried out the deterioration diagnosis using nondestructive techniques of the wall painting in Yaksajeon Hall of Gwanyongsa Temple. As the results of pigments analysis, it was unusual that the cobalt was detected in the blue and green colors used to traditional paint background. According to the deterioration diagnosis, ultrasonic measurement and infrared thermography, dominant cracks and exfoliation caused by high content of moisture. Therefore, it should be devised effective plan to prevent penetration of water for the long term this wall painting.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2010

This study is for the preservation plan of the tradition space which is performed by the damage status analysis through performing the value assessment. Especially, it is an experimental study for finding the process and methods by analyzing the major element for the value assessment of the selected object's damage status through the expert group who are systematized in their interest to conserve the traditional structure in traditional space. For that purpose, this study should be performed by the fundamental understanding of the physical property of the Supyo-bridge and the condition of the selected site's environment. Meanwhile, this study has been done that 'map of the damage status distribution' for making records of damage status of the Supyo-bridge on the property utilized field measurement adapted by photogrammetry and assessment guidelines, which are for investigation on damage status of objects that are standardized 'Raccomandazioni Normal' which could be said construction culture assets management guidelines of Italian government. As the result of investigation, damage status of each part in the Supyo-bridge was mostly composed of damage by sediment and corrosion and in case of 9 damage types including corrosion, in consideration of physical and chemical properties and distribution status of those elements, it is made an judgement that is not working as a threatened factor regarding security of the Supyo-bridge. On the contrary, for the improvement landscape, in case of 'Thermoclastism' phenomenon observed in 'upper floor', 'Myungae stone' and 'bridge pier' is that when taking it into consideration that is widely distributed concentrated on the bridge pier, surface reinforcement job along with elimination of damage part will be judged to be requested for earliest treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.558-572
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to classify the types of degraded areas of Mt. Jirisan section in Baekdudaegan and survey the actual condition of each damage type to use it as basic data for the direction of the restoration of damaged areas according to damage type based on the vegetation information of reference ecosystem. The analysis of the Mt. Jirisan section's actual degraded conditions showed that the total number of patches of degraded areas was 57, and the number of patches and size of degraded areas was higher at the low average altitude and gentle slope. Grasslands (deserted lands) and cultivated areas accounted for a high portion of the damage types, indicating that agricultural land use was a major damage factor. The survey on the conditions of 14 degraded areas showed that the types of damage were classified into the grassland, cultivated area, restoration area, logged-off land, and bare ground. The analysis of the degree of disturbance (the ratio of annual and biennial herb, urbanized index, and disturbance index) by each type showed that the simple single-layer vegetation structure mostly composed of the herbaceous and the degree of disturbance were high in the grassland and cultivated land. The double-layer vegetation structure appeared in the restoration area where the pine seedlings were planted, and the inflow of naturalized plants was especially high compared to other degraded areas due to disturbances caused by the restoration project and the nearby hiking trails. Although the inflow of naturalized plants was low because of high altitude in bare ground, the proportion of annual and biennial herb was high, indicating that all surveyed degraded areas were in early succession stages. The stand ordination by type of damage showed the restoration area on the I-axis, cultivated area, grassland, logged-off land, and bare ground in that order, indicating the arrangement by the damage type. Moreover, the stand ordination of the degraded areas and reference ecosystem based on floristic variation showed a clear difference in species composition. This study diagnosed the status of each damage type based on the reference ecosystem information according to the ecological restoration procedure and confirmed the difference in species composition between the diagnosis result and the reference ecosystem. These findings can be useful basic data for establishing the restoration goal and direction in the future.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2004

The Chungung-dong 5-storied pagoda (Treasure No. 12) in the nnm, Korea was studied on the basis of petrological weathering and deterioration diagnosis. Frontal part of the pagoda is looked out on the N30$^{\circ}$W. Constitution rocks of this pagoda show augen gneiss and biotite granite. Host rock of the pagoda was highly exfoliation and discoloration, therefore most rock-forming minerals were altered to the clay minerals due to the mineralogical and chemical weathering. Open cavity and rock surface occur partly green and black patchs because of contamination by algae, lichen and moss, and the lower part of the pagoda is transition to the some weeds. This biological problems are need for cleaning and chemical treatments. For the structural stability, the pagoda is rebuilt without open gap between the each rock materials. All iron plates eliminate from the difference gap of the rock materials, and properly conservation treatments need to be repaired petro-filler for stone cultural properties and water curtain for the humidity attenuation of the ground.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2012

Nondestructive deterioration diagnosis has been carried out for the former ore dressing plant of the Yongwha mine in Yeongyang (Registered Cultural Property No. 255). Deterioration rates about organic contaminant and soil of the upper part (7 to 13 layer) indicate higher than the lower part (1 to 6 layer) of the ore dressing plants. By contrast, deterioration rates such as crack, break out and discoloration of the lower part indicate very higher than the upper part. It is estimated that the plants of the lower part that mechanical and chemical process had been done for flotation were damaged severely by physicochemical weathering with reaction of concrete and chemical solution. As results of ultrasonic velocity measurement, average p-wave velocity of plants were measured 2,462m/s (compressive strength $529kgf/cm^2$). As for the analytical results of surface contaminants and soil compositions using P-XRF, they were identical with major elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and As) of ore minerals from the Yongwha mine. Therefore, the ore dressing plant should be treated by phytoremediation with conservation because heavy metals could impinged upon plants and natural environment.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.58-59
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• 2007

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.18-19
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• 2007

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.99-112
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• 2011

The three-storied stone pagoda located in Seungansaji temple site consists mainly of medium to fine-grained biotite granite and granitic gneiss, and partly macrocrystalline gneiss, muscovite gneiss and gabbro. The surface of the stone pagoda is extensively colonized by lichen and moss due to surrounding trees and lawns, and severly deteriorated. Therefore, a comprehensive deterioration diagnosis has been carried out and conservation treatment was conducted in this study. For the conservation treatment, dry cleaning is performed throughout all the surface of the pagoda for naturally grown lichen and biological contaminants using a soft brush and wooden knife. Crustose lichen strongly adhere to the surface was removed by wet cleaning using distilled water. Also, protective railings were reinstalled to an appropriate height with taking the distance from the stone pagoda into account. Finally, the ground around the stone pagoda was repaired with clay sand, and dike was installed with a natural gradient to facilitate water drainage.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.56-57
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• 2007