• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2016

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease is an extraoesophageal variant of gastro-esophageal reflux disease that can affect the larynx and pharynx. LPR is associated with symptoms of laryngeal irritation such as throat clearing, coughing, and hoarseness. The main diagnostic methods currently used are laryngoscopy and pH monitoring. The most common laryngoscopic signs are redness and swelling of the throat. However, these findings are not specific of LPR and may be related to other causes or can even be found in healthy individuals. Furthermore, the role of pH monitoring in the diagnosis of LPR is controversial. A therapeutic trial with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been suggested to be cost-effective and useful for the diagnosis of LPR. However, the recommendations of PPI therapy for patients with a suspicion of LPR are based on the results of uncontrolled studies, and high placebo response rates suggest a much more complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of LPR than simple acid reflux. Laryngoscopy and pH monitoring have failed as reliable tests for the diagnosis of LPR. Empirical therapy with PPIs is widely accepted as a diagnostic test and for the treatment of LPR. However, further research is needed to develop a definitive diagnostic test for LPR.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.763-768
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• 2006

목 적 : 후두세척술을 이용하여 얻어진 LLMI로 급성세기관지염의 흡인의 위험성을 평가하고, LLMI와 기도염증세포 사이의 연관성에 대해서 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : RSV 세기관지염을 앓은 22명의 환아에서 급성기와 회복기에 각각 후두세척술을 시행하여 총세포수와 세포분획을 계산하였다. 한 개의 대식세포당 지질함유량은 0부터 4까지의 점수로 측정하였고, LLMI는 100개의 세포를 검사하여 400점까지 측정하였다. 결 과 : 세기관지염의 급성기에는 회복기에 비해 총세포수와 LLMI가 의미있게 증가되었다(P<0.05). 후두세척액의 중성구 백분율은 LLMI와 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.69, P<0.001). pH 양성군은 pH 음성군에 비해 후두세척액의 LLMI와 중성구 백분율이 의미있게 높았다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 본 연구는 세기관지염 시기에 일시적인 흡인의 위험이 증가한다는 것을 보여준다. 후두세척액으로 측정한 LLMI는 세기관지염 환아에서 흡인의 유용한 지표가 될 수 있다.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.141-144
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• 2009

본 연구는 사상관련전위를 이용하여 의식하에 제시된 미적자극이 대뇌활동에 미치는 영향을 밝혀내고자 이루어졌다. 이를 위해, 16명의 실험참가자에게 masking법를 이용해 미적자극을 의식하에 제시하였다(10msec). 제시된 자극은 선행연구를 통해 선정된 Beautiful Images(미자극), Ugly Images(추자극), Neutral Images(중성자극)이였다. 사상관련전위(event-related potentials; ERPs)는 64채널의 뇌파계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, 후두엽 (Oz) 및 좌측두엽 (T5)에서 미자극에 의해 나타난 ERPs초기성분인 P1, N1, P2, N2의 진폭이 중성자극에 의해 나타난 진폭보다 컸다. 그리고, 후두염에서 추자극에 의해 보여진 P2, N2의 진폭 및 Late Slow Wave(LSW)의 평균전위가 중성자극에 의해 보여진 것보다 컸다. 이와 같은 ERPs성분은 자극의 탐지, 패턴인지, 기억탐색, 표적선택 등과 같은 자극의 정보처리와 관련되어 있다고 보고되고 있다. 따라서, 의식하에 제시된 미적자극은 서로 다른 대뇌 활동을 일으킴을 알 수 있다. 이는 인간은 의식하에서 미적자극에 대한 정보처리를 하는 기능을 가지고 있음을 뜻한다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2018

B군 사슬알균은 3개월 미만 영아에서 발생하는 침습성 감염증의 주요한 원인균이다. 신생아 침습성 B군 사슬알균 수막염에 의한 뇌혈관 합병증은 드물게 보고되고 있다. 발열을 주소로 내원한 생후 29일 신생아에서 세균성 수막염이 진단되었다. 입원 3일째 경련이 발생하였고 뇌 자기공명영상에서 다발성의 광범위한 대뇌피질(양측 전두엽, 측두엽 및 후두엽)과 뇌량 및 좌측 후두엽에서 급성 뇌경색증 합병된 소견을 보였다. 환아의 혈액과 뇌척수액에서 B군 사슬알균이 분리되었고 serotype III, ST-19으로 확인되었다. 현재 환아는 피질맹과 발달 지연을 보이고 있다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1999

Relapsing polychondritis is an uncommon disorder of unknown etiology. That involves multisystem characterized by recurrent inflammation, degenerative change of multiple cartilaginous structures. The most common clinical manifestation is an auricular chondritis. Other involving systems are joint, nose, eye, larynx, trachea, aorta, heart and kidney. A 26-year-old man who complained of hoarseness and sore throat was referred to the ENT department from internal medicine department. On initial video-laryngoscopic and radiologic examination, there was no abnormal finding. Treatment with high doses of corticosteroid and methotrexate was not effective. Symptoms were aggrevated with dyspnea. Three months later, on video-laryngoscopic examination, bilateral cord fixation with swelling was noted. The radiologic finding showed subglottic stenosis due to collapse of anterior wall of cricoid cartilage. The condition was managed with tracheotomy. We report a case of relapsing polychondritis involving larynx and trachea with bilateral vocal cord palsy which was managed with tracheotomy.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2005

1. Acute laryngitis is a hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds. 2. Acute laryngitis belongs with the GeupHuEum, HuBi, HuPung in oriental medicine. 3. GeupHuEum is caused by wind and cold, weak of lung and kidney, evil energy of liver, sore throat, etc. It is treated with the methods of cooling lung and wetting, removing heat and changing phlegm, etc. 4. Hubi is caused by fire and wind, dampness, large lung. It is treated with the methods of removing heat and antidote, reinforcing and descending fire, bleeding by acupuncture, vomiting. 5. Hupung is caused by phlegm and heat of lung and stomach, wind and heat. It is treated with the methods of dispersing wind and removing heat and changing phlegm by medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, vomiting, fumigation.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : Although many studies have examined the effect of drinking on voice change, its cause and degree remain unclear. Since voice change occurs more frequently the day following drinking, rather than immediately afterwards, we examined whether the voice change was correlated with reflux laryngitis due to gastroesophageal motor disturbances. Subjects and Methods : For this study, 10 patients were selected who had neither voice change nor symptoms of reflux laryngitis at baseline (male : female=5 : 5, mean age=28 years old) They were subjected to psychoacoustic, acoustic, and aerodynamic tests and video stroboscopy at 4:00 P.M. the day before drinking (test 1), at 8:00 A.M. (test 2) and 4:00 P.M. (test 3) on the following day. On the day of drinking, the subjects had to drink more than their usual amount of Soju(Korean liquor) and were not allowed to talk much. The stroboscopy findings were quantified using the PC Belafsky score. Results : The laryngeal response to gastric reflux after drinking was compared between tests 1 and 2. In both tests, laryngeal edema and injection were observed on video stroboscopy. The psychoacoustic test detected more severe hoarseness in test 2 than in test 1. In addition, the acoustic test detected a mild increase in both jitter and shimmer. However, the differences between tests 2 and 3, which were performed when there was reduced or no gastric reflux, were not significant. Conclusions : Drinking may cause gastric reflux, which produces reversible voice change by irritating the vocal cords and larynx. Therefore, reflux laryngitis should be suspected in a patient whose voice changes markedly after drinking.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: Although laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is a widely recognized disease in the field of otolaryngology, controversies still exist regarding the diagnosis and treatment for it. The purpose of this survey was to find out current trends in diagnosis and management of LPRD among Korean otolaryngologists. Materials and Method: Questionnaires were obtained from 26 Korean otolaryngology specialists by electronic balloting, and 46 members of the Korean Society of Head and Neck Surgery (KSHNS) bye-mail. Survey participants were asked about their preferences in diagnostic policy, duration/dosage of antireflux treatment, and their familiarity to the reflux symptom index (RST) and the reflux finding scores (RFS). Results: The majority of the survey participants (64%) preferred empiric therapy trial with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) based on patients' symptoms and their laryngeal findings. PPIs alone (27%) or PPIs with prokinetics (32%) were usually prescribed as a first line treatment mostly with once daily schedule in the morning before meal and for less than 4 months of duration (86%). More than 90% of participants were aware of the RSI and RFS, but less than 50% of them were actually using those items in the clinics. Conclusion: Most of Korean otolaryngologists who participated in this survey answered that they prefer starting empirical treatments with proton pump inhibitors mainly based on the patient's symptoms and their laryngeal findings.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : Vocal fold hemorrhage occur by blood accumulation in Reinke's space by vocal trauma. It is mostly asymptomatic, but in some cases it may cause severe dysphonia. It is often seen in patients who use their voice professionally. However, recent changes of life style affected the phonation in general population. We studied to know what are the causes and what are the major factors to affect the vocal fold hemorrhages. Materials and Methods : 19 subjects were evaluated by using of questionaire and laryngoscopic examinations. We evaluated the factors to lead the change in voice directly, underlying causes, occupations and laryngeal findings. Results : The direct causes of the vocal fold hemorrhages were clearing throat, talking, coughing and singing. Reflux laryngitis and upper respiratory infection were the underlying diseases. Vocal fold hemorrhages were developed during the menstruation in 5 patients. Accompanying functional voice disorders were seen in 13 patients, such as, vocal fold nodule, nodule with varix, vocal polyp, Reinke's edema. Patients with reflux laryngitis had the habits of clearing throat as the direct cause of the vocal fold hemorrhages and had hyperkinetic functional voice disorders. Voice abuse was the direct cause of the vocal fold hemorrhages in patients who was in the period of the menstruation. The most common site of the hemorrhage was at the membranous portion of the vocal folds. Conclusions : Authors thought the forceful laryngeal activity was the cause of the vocal fold hemorrhages. And reflux laryngitis and menstruation was the risk factors of the vocal fold hemorrhages.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 직선도로와 일반도로 구간을 운전하는 운전자의 각성변화비교와 적정한 도로의 직선길이를 알아보기 위하여 10명의 피실험자를 대상으로 실제 운전 중에 운전자의 좌우측 전두엽과 후두염의 뇌파를 측정하였다. 수집된 Data를 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)분석에 대해 상대 파워스펙트럼 값을 구하였으며 $\beta$파의 값을 중심으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 운전자의 각성수준 치를 측정하여 새로운 최대 허용 직선길이 기준정립에 활용가능한 방법론을 제시하였다. 둘째 직선구간을 주행하는 경우 일반구간 주행보다 각성정도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다 특히, 운전 중 운전자의 각성을 가장 잘 설명하는 것으로 알려진 후두염에서는 현저한 각성의 감소가 일어났다. 일반구간은 0.821, 직선구간은 2.219로 직선구간에서 약 3배정도의 각성치가 낮아져서 운전자의 운전능력이 현저하게 떨어지는 것으로 평가되었다. 셋째, 운전자 각성수준은 직선도로 진입 후 4.2km지점에 0.428로 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 수준으로 각성이 크게 감소되었으나 3.6km가지는 운전자의 각성수준이 유의한 수준으로 감소하지 않고 있다. 넷째 따라서 20~30대 남성을 대상으로 한 실험조건에서 직선구간의 최장 허용 길이를 기존의 설계속도의 20배로 규정한 2.0km 값보다는 설계속도의 30배인 3.0km로 완화하여도 운전자의 운전능력에 부정적인 영향이 없을 것으로 판단되었다.