• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1977

Seed separation from half-cut red pepper were investigated with free falling, up-and-down shaking and rotating collision methods. The separation rates were related with impact appiied and the rotating case was distinguished from the other two methods. Beside the impact effect, velocity of the pod and tumbling factors were involved. Momentum effectiveness of seed separation were calculated as $2.50{\times}10^{-6}$, $2.09{\times}10^{-6}$, and $3.94{\times}10^{-8}$ for free falling, shaking and rotating method on the same velocity basis, respectively. The tendency of separation rate was similar to that of red pepper drying rate against time.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

Purpose: Helical Tomotherapy allows only coplanar beam delivery because it does not allow couch rotation. We investigated a method to introduce non-coplanar beam by tilting a patient's head for Tomotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare intrafractional movement during Tomotherapy between coplanar and non-coplanar patient's setup. Materials and Methods: Helical Tomotherapy was used for treating eight patients with intracranial tumor. The subjects were divided into three groups: one group (coplanar) of 2 patients who lay on S-plate with supine position and wore thermoplastic mask for immobilizing the head, second group (non-coplanar) of 3 patients who lay on S-plate with supine position and whose head was tilted with Variable Axis Baseplate and wore thermoplastic mask, and third group (non-coplanar plus mouthpiece) of 3 patients whose head was tilted and wore a mouthpiece immobilization device and thermoplastic mask. The patients were treated with Tomotherapy after treatment planning with Tomotherapy Planning System. Megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) was performed before and after treatment, and the intrafractional error was measured with lateral(X), longitudinal(Y), vertical(Z) direction movements and vector ($\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}$) value for assessing overall movement. Results: Intrafractional error was compared among three groups by taking the error of MVCT taken after the treatment. As the correction values (X, Y, Z) between MVCT image taken after treatment and CT-simulation image are close to zero, the patient movement is small. When the mean values of movement of each direction for non-coplanar setup were compared with coplanar setup group, X-axis movement was decreased by 13%, but Y-axis and Z-axis movement were increased by 109% and 88%, respectively. Movements of Y-axis and Z-axis with non-coplanar setup were relatively greater than that of X-axis since a tilted head tended to slip down. The mean of X-axis movement of the group who used a mouthpiece was greater by 9.4% than the group who did not use, but the mean of Y-axis movement was lower by at least 64%, and the mean of Z-axis was lower by at least 67%, and the mean of Z-axis was lower by at least 67%, and the vector was lower by at least 59% with the use of a mouthpiece. Among these 8 patients, one patient whose tumor was located on left frontal lobe and left basal ganglia received reduced radiation dose of 38% in right eye, 23% in left eye, 30% in optic chiasm, 27% in brain stem, and 8% in normal brain with non-coplanar method. Conclusion: Tomotherapy only allows coplanar delivery of IMRT treatment. To complement this shortcoming, Tomotherapy can be used with non-coplanar method by artificially tilting the patient's head and using an oral immobilization instrument to minimize the movement of patient, when intracranial tumor locates near critical organs or has to be treated with high dose radiation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.554-560
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• 2020

In the manufacturing process of flat panel displays, a high-precision planar motion stage is used to position a specimen. Stages of this type typically use frictionless linear motors and air bearings, and laser interferometers. Real-time dynamic correction of the yaw motion error is very important because the inevitable yaw motion error of the stage means a change in the specimen orientation. Gantry control is generally used to compensate for yaw motion errors. Flexure units that allow rotational motion are applied to the stage to apply this method to a stage using an air-bearing guide. This paper proposes a method to improve the constant speed motion performance of a H-type XY stage equipped with air bearing and flexure units. When applying the gantry control to the stage, including the flexure units, the cause of the mutual ripple generated from the linear motors is analyzed, and adaptive learning control is proposed to compensate for the mutual ripple. A simulation was performed to verify the proposed method. The speed ripple was reduced to approximately the 22 % level. The ripple reduction was verified by simulating the stage state where yaw motion error occurs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.648-654
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• 2018

In order to maintain manholes installed on the road, the manhole should be easy to open and close. Manhole covers under harsh conditions require that they can be lifted when attempting to open the manhole because the frame and cover are stuck and difficult to open and close. In this study, the design of a lifting mechanism was carried out to improve and integrate the locking type manhole. The mechanism of the locking manhole is that when the bolt located at the center is turned, the hub connected with the bolt descends, and the hook connected to the hub is rotated. The end of the hook is hooked to the manhole frame. The auxiliary device was installed on the hook so that the manhole cover can be lifted. The structure was designed to endure about 300kg of lifting force based on 70% of the yield stress of the hook to perform lifting function. The shape design was performed through the structural analysis using the finite element method. First, the basic design was performed with the simplified 2-dimensional model and the attachment position and shape were designed through the 3-dimensional model. In order to find out the structural problems of the designed shape, the scale downed model was fabricated through 3D printing and confirmed that the lifting function worked. Finally, it was confirmed that both the locking and the average lifting of about 6.1 mm can be done by applying the lifting mechanism through the machining and applying it to the existing locking manhole.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 1999

The present studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of activin-A on gonadotropins (GTHs) release in testosterone-treated immature rainbow trout Oncorhpynchus mykiss. The administration of testosterone elevated pituitary level of GTH II but not of GTH I. In this study using primary cultures of dispersed pituitary cells in static incubation, dose-dependent increases in GTH II release was observed in the activin-treated group at day 3 of incubation (long-term incubation), but not at day 1 of incubation (short-term incubation). Dopamine, a potent inhibitor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated GTH II release in rainbow trout, was only partially effective in decreasing actvin-induced GTH II release. Furthermore, salmon GnRH (sGnRH)-stimulated GTH II release was not potentiated by the pretreatment with activin. However, the control mechanisms of GTH I release by activin and other hormones were not observed in the all tested experiments. The results of these studies support the contention that in contrast with the usual stimulatory effects of activin on GTH release in mammals, activin exerts long-term stimulatory actions on GTH II release in rainbow trout. The control mechanism of GTH I release, however, is a question that remains to be elucidated.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2009

Based on the fact that a human being walks naturally and stably with consuming a minimum energy, this paper proposes a new method of generating a natural gait of 5-link biped robot like human by analyzing a COG (Center Of Gravity) trajectory of human's gait. In order to generate a natural gait pattern for 5-link biped robot, it considers the COG trajectory measured from human's gait images on the sagittal and frontal plane. Although the human and 5-link biped robot are similar in the side of the kinematical structure, numbers of their DOFs(Degree Of Freedom) are different. Therefore, torques of the human's joints cannot are applied to robot's ones directly. In this paper, the proposed method generates the gait pattern of the 5-link biped robot from the GA algorithm which utilize human's ZMP trajectory and torques of all joints. Since the gait pattern of the 5-link biped robot model is generated from human's ones, the proposed method creates the natural gait pattern of the biped robot that minimizes an energy consumption like human. In the side of visuality and energy efficiency, the superiority of the proposed method have been improved by comparative experiments with a general method that uses a inverse kinematics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.415-424
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• 2019

In this paper, a minimum rotation radius was designed and fabricated to overcome the threshold so that elderly or disabled people who have difficulty moving can move and transfer safely and conveniently in a narrow room. In the indoor environment, where the sedentary culture develops, this study aimed to provide convenience for passengers with fracture diseases, geriatric diseases, and other knee and waist diseases. First, links, seats, armrests, covers, motors, batteries, chargers, controllers, etc. were attached to the frame so that they could be moved and lifted indoors. The product design and structure were designed considering the user's environment and physical characteristics, and IoT functions were added. A driving experiment was performed to confirm the operating performance of the manufactured indoor moving and lifting wheelchair. The performance tests, such as continuous running time, turning radius, maximum actuator load, maximum lift height, sound pressure level, minimum sensing distance of the driving aid sensor, interworking of server and app programs, device compatibility, and duty cycle error rate, were performed. As a result of the test, the built-in wheelchair could achieve the performance test target of each item and operate successfully.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

As a power transmission element, the timing belt is a toothed transmission belt that takes advantages of V-belts and gears. It has characteristics of non-slip and low noise. It is used as a power transmission device when transmitting power from a rotating shaft or linear motion in a mechanism. Rotation can be accurately transmitted through a belt pulley with grooves like a gear and a timing belt with grooves to precisely match with the belt pulley. In particular, in the mechanism in which the timing belt is used for the output shaft, the dynamic characteristics including the rigidity of the timing belt determine the transmission characteristics of the system, so its importance increases. In this paper, a stiffness reinforced belt that can be applied to a timing belt with a limited range of motion to increase its stiffness is proposed. To study the dynamic characteristics of the stiffness reinforced belt, the equation of motion for the stiffness reinforced belt was established, and a simulation model for the stiffness reinforced belt was created and analyzed. In order to confirm the analysis results of the motion equation and simulation model, a 1-axis rotation experimental equipment using a stiffness reinforcing belt was developed and the experiment was conducted. Through motion equations, simulation models, and experiment results, it was confirmed that the stiffness and dynamic characteristics of the timing belt could be improved by applying the proposed stiffness reinforcement belt.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.412-417
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• 2014

This paper presents the development and control of an omni-directional holonomic mobile robot platform, which is equipped with three lateral orthogonal-wheel assemblies. Omni-directionality can be achieved with decoupled rotational and translational motions. Simulation studies on collision avoidance are conducted. A real robot is built and its hardware is implemented to control the robot. Control algorithm is embedded on DSP and FPGA chips. Hardware for motor control such as PWM, encoder counter, serial communication modules is implemented on an FPGA chip. Experimental studies of following joystick commands are performed to demonstrate the functionality and controllability of the robot.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2003

목 적 : 병소가 바깥쪽 측면(far-lateral targets)에 위치한 경우 감마나이프 방사선 시술이 어렵다. 저자들은 새로운 식을 도입하여 치료 좌표계를 변환시키고 환자를 측면으로 눕혀 시술이 가능함을 보고하고자 한다. 대상 : 통상적으로 병소 위치가 X축 좌표 51.5mm-148.5mm 범위 내에 있는 경우, 감마나이프는 반듯이 누운 자세에서 시술을 한다. 그러나 병소가 바깥쪽 측면에 위치한 경우(51.5mm-148.5mm 범위를 벗어난 경우) 환자는 측면으로 굽혀진 상태에서만 시술이 가능하며 이때 환자 머리에 고정한 정위기구의 전면부분은 일직선 타입이어야 한다. 환자의 치료 자세가 90도 만큼 회전된 상태이므로 X축과 Y축이 서로 치환된다. 새로운 좌표계는 감마플랜에서 계산된 방사선 조사량의 각각 좌표계들이 새로운 식에 대입하여 얻어진다. 새로운 X축 좌표는 43mm 만큼 증가하였으며 범위는 30mm-170mm 이였다. 결과 : 환자를 측면으로 눕혀서 바깥쪽 측면 병소를 시술하는 방법은 방사선 조사 중심 위치의 정확도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 새로운 X축과 Y축 좌표계는 새로운 식으로 쉽게 치환 변환된다. 결론 : 측면으로 누워서 시술하는 방법은 X축 좌표 범위를 증가시킬 수 있었으며 감마나이프 장비에서 X축의 이축 편위 (trunnion excursion) 한계 때문에 시술을 할 수 없는 경우의 수를 줄일 수 있었다. 이 방법은 바깥쪽 측면에 위치한 병소 시술에 매우 요긴하게 사용되며 특히 여러 개의 병변을 갖고 있는 전이성 뇌종양 질환에 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 방법으로 기대된다.