• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.479-480
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• 2011

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.110-123
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• 2021

We investigated geochemical constituents of pore-water and sediment, rates of organic carbon (C_org) oxidation and sulfate reduction (SR), and benthic nutrient flux (BNF) to elucidate characteristic of C_org oxidation and its control in the coastal area near Lake Shihwa. The study sites were selected in the vicinity of Soraepogu (E0), Songdo tidalflat (E1) and Oido dock (E3) and in front of floodgate Shihwa tidal plant (E5). The C_org contents in the sediments and concentrations of ammonium and phosphate in pore water exhibited the highest value at EO, and gradually decreased toward the outer sea (E1, E3, E5). Rates of anaerobic C_org oxidation (260.6 mmol C m^-2 d^-1) and SR (91.4 mmol S m^-2 d^-1) at E0 were 4-9 and 6-54 times higher than at the site of outer sea (E1, E3, E5). Rates of SR at E3 and E5 accounted for 11-23% of anaerobic C_org oxidation, whereas it comprised 47-70% of anaerobic C_org oxidation at E0 and E1. Rates of C_org oxidation and SR showed a highly positive correlation with the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (r² = 0.795 and 0.777, respectively). The BNF at E0, E1, and E3 accounted for 120-510% and 26-178%, respectively, of the N and P required for primary production in the water column. Overall results suggest that the C_org oxidation in the sediment controlled by concentration of dissolved organic carbon in the pore water and the excessive C_org oxidation stimulates the benthic nutrient flux, which may cause a phytoplankton bloom in the water column.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.104-111
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• 2015

This study shows the mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) synthesized using sulfate with NaOH solution. The used sulfates were calcium sulfate ($CaSO_4$, denoted CS) and sodium sulfate ($Na_2SO_4$, denoted SS). The replacement ratio of sulfates was 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% by weight of slag. NaOH solution of 2M and 4M concentration was used. A sample was activated with sulfate and activated with blended activator (blending NaOH solution with sulfate) respectively. 24 mix ratios were used and the water-binder weight ratio for the test was set 0.5. This research carried out the compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), absorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the case of samples with CS, sample with 7.5% CS, sample with 2M NaOH+5.0% CS and sample with 4M NaOH+5.0% CS showed the good performance in the strength development. In the case of samples with SS, sample with 10.0% SS, sample with 2M NaOH+7.5% SS and sample with 4M NaOH+2.5% SS obtained good performance in strength. The results of UPV and water absorption showed a similar tendency to the strength properties. The XRD analysis of samples indicated that the hydration products formed in samples were ettringite, CSH and silicate phases. In this study, it is indicated that when compared to the use of sulfate only, the use of both sulfate and NaOH solution makes mechanical properties of AASC better.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.575-585
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• 2007

Microbial control of the geochemical behavior of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and As in contaminated subsurface soil and sediment was investigated through activation of indigenous bacteria with lactate under anaerobic condition for 25 days. The results indicated that dissolved Cd, Pb and Zn were microbially removed from solutions, which was likely due to the formation of metal sulfides after reduction of sulfate by indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria. Soils from the Dukeum mine containing a large amount of sulfate resulted in complete removal of dissolved As after 25 days by microbial activities, while there were gradual increases in dissolved As concentration in soils from the Hwabuk mine and sediments from the Dongducheon industrial area which showed low $SO_4{^2-}$ concentrations. Addition of appropriate carbon sources and sulfate to contaminated geological media may lead to activation of indigenous bacteria and thus in situ stabilization of the heavy metals; however, potential of As release into solution after the amendment should be preferentially investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.11-18
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• 1992

프리텐션방식 원심력 고강도콘크리트 말뚝(KS F4306) 콘크리트의 압축강도가 800kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$이상인 고강도콘크리트를 요구하고 있으나 국내에서는 500kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상의 콘크리트 말뚝제조가 불가한 실정이므로 본 연구에서는 고황산염시멘트를 이용한 고강도콘크리트 말뚝제조에 관한 공학적 특성 연구의 일환으로써 고황산염시멘트의 수화특성 및 고강도 발현기구 구명과 공학적 특성중에서 압축.휨강도의 내동해성, 건조수축 특성 및 화학저항성등을 비교 고찰하여 보통 시멘트보다 품질 특성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한 고강도 콘크리트 말뚝의 시제품 제조를 위하여 2개 공장에서 현장 실험한 결과 94.7kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 양호한고강도콘크리트를 얻었다. 향후 고강도콘크리트 말뚝 제조의 공업화 및 양산회가 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.287-288
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• 2000

자연적 또는 인위적인 배출원에서 대기 중으로 방출된 아황산 가스($SO_2$), 질소 산화물(NOx), 탄화 수소 (HC), 알데히드(RCHO), 암모니아(NH$_3$)등은 광화학 반응에 의해 산화되어 산성화 물질이 된다. 대기중에는 기체상 물질로는 질산($HNO_3$), 알데히드(RCHO), 카르복실산(RCOOH)등이 존재하고, 입자상 물질로는 황산염 (${SO_{4}}^{2-}$), 질산염 (${NO_{3}}^{-}), 2가 카르복실산($(CH_2)_n(COOH)_2$)둥이 다양한 염의 형태로 부유하고 있다 (Murano, 1984). (중략)

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.8-20
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• 1990

A series of pore water data were obtained during the different time over one year period between October 1987 and October 1988, from a site on a muddy intertidal flat, located in the Kyeong-gi Bay, west coast of Korea, The results have revealed that the tidal flat is an environment of active nutrient the subface supplied by the overlying seawater is almost completely removed from the pore water at depth of about 10 cm below the sediment surface. The nutrients such as ammonium and phosphate are produced through this process and subsequently accumulated in the pore water forming steep gradients near the sediment surface. Below the main sulfate redirection zone, a secondary peak of dissolved sulfate was often observed. Greal seasonal variation of the pore water nutrient profiles was observed, which was particularly clear in their maximum concentration as well as in their concentration gradient. The rate constants of sulfate reduction and nutrient regeneration, estimated by using a diagenetic model (Berner, 1980), differ by an order of magnitude between the summer and winter seasons. The difference in sediment temperature may account for most of the calculated variation. The C:N:P ratio, calculated from the pore water nutrient gradients also exhibits a slight seasonal difference. The organic matter being decomposed by sulfate reduction appears to be depleted in depleted in nitrogen, compared to the average marine organic matter.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2017

This paper describes the investigation into the durability alkali-activated materials(AAM) mortar and paste samples manufactured using fly-ash(FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS) exposed to a sulfate environment with different GGBFS replace ratios(30, 50 and 100%), sodium silicate modules($Ms[SiO_2/Na_2O]$ 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0). The tests involved immersions into 10% sodium sulfate solution($Na_2SO_4$), 10% magnesium sulfate solution($MgSO_4$), 10% magnesium nitrate solution($Mg(NO_3)_2$) and 5% magnesium nitrate($Mg(NO_3)_2$+5% sodium sulfate solution+$Na_2SO_4$). The evolution of compressive strength, weight, length expansion and microstructural observation such as x-ray diffraction were studied. As a results, in case of immersed in $Na_2SO_4$, $Mg(NO_3)_2$ and $Mg(NO_3)_2+Na_2SO_4$ shows increase in long-term strength. However, for samples immersed in $MgSO_4$, the general observation was that the compressive strength decreased after immersion. The most drastic reduction of compressive strength and expansion of weight and length occurred when GGBFS or Ms ratios were higher. Also, the XRD analysis of samples immersed in magnesium sulfate indicated that expansion of AAM caused by gypsum($CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$) and brucite(MgOH). The results showed that, an additional condition $Mg^{2+}$ in which ${SO_4}^{2-}$ is the presence of a certain concentration, sulfate erosion has to be accelerated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.225-228
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• 2002

서울 지하철 A설계구간에서의 전체 21개 지하수 시료에 대하여 수질분석을 실시하였다. 배경수질은 주로 Ca-HCO$_3$ type으로 전 지역에서의 물-암석 반응 자체는 큰 차이가 없음을 보인다. 본 조사에서 실시한 분석요소 중, 먹는 물 기준치를 초과하지 않은 시료는 3개이며, 나머지 18개 시료는 중금속과 불소, 황산염 등에 의해 이미 오염되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지하수 오염도는 BH-l~5 지역에서 보이는 카드뮴에 의한 오염현상과 BH-6~23 지역에서 보이는 다른 중금속 이온들에 의한 오염으로 뚜렷한 지역적인 차이가 보이는데, 이는 자연적인 지하매질과 지하수의 물-암석 반응에 의한 것이기보다는, 이들 지역에 매립된 인위적인 오염물질의 차이에 의해 결정되는 것으로 추정된다.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.770-772
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• 2010

기존의 연구는 열화에 의한 물리적 평가 및 열화에 영향을 미치는 수화생성물의 존재여부에 대한 연구는 활발하게 이루어지고 있으나, 그에 따른 수화생성물의 정량화에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 논문은 XRD 분석 기법을 이용하여 원전 콘크리트 구조물에 대해 열화요인 중 탄산화와 황산염에 대한 상대적 정량화에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 두 열화인자는 콘크리트 내의 수산화칼슘과 반응하여 에트린가이트와 탄산칼슘을 생성하게 되는데, 본 연구에서 열화인자에 대한 노출기간이 증가할수록 열화에 영향을 미치는 수화 생성물이 증가하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그에 따른 수산화칼슘의 양이 감소하는 것도 확인 할 수 있었다.