• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.79
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

인공토굴(人工土窟) 숙성식품의 장기가공보관 수단의 원조로 자리 잡아, 광천옹암리 토굴이 전통식품 산업의 지혜와 관광산업의 역동으로 변신하고, 인공 굴은 폐광토굴에서 농산물저장을 위한 인공제작 굴의 활용기술로 이어져 산업화사회에 기여하고 있다. 대표적인 인공토굴중의 하나는 광천토굴이며, 마을뒤편 야산에 활석암으로 된 암반을 굴착한 토굴이다. 폭과 높이가 각각 2m 정도, 200여 m의 토굴 속에 수많은 젓갈을 담은 드럼통을 저장하여 숙성, 발효시킨다. 젓갈은 우리나라의 대표적인 수산발효식품이며, 어패류 등에 비교적 다량의 식염을 가해 자가소화효소 및 미생물분해 작용으로 알맞게 숙성되는 원리를 이용한다. 젓갈은 일종의 균 식품으로 식품을 발효시킴으로써 독특한 맛과 향 영양을 갖게 되며, 빵, 요구르트, 장류(간장 된장 등), 김치, 막걸리, 동동주, 식혜뿐 아니라 심지어는 버섯조차도 균 식품에 해당한다. 특히 어패류를 염장 발효시켜서 독특한 감칠맛이 나도록 한 우리나라 특유의 저장식품으로 예로부터 기호식품, 조미료 및 김치의 재료로서 널리 식용되어 왔던 양질의 단백질인 동시에 칼슘과 지방질 공급원이기도 하다. 최근에는 상품화된 자연친화적 농산물저장 굴로 사용되는 인공토굴도 등장하였다. 그것은 타공판과 흙을 이용한 생태환경지중건축물(生態環境地中建築物)로서 우리조상들이 오래전부터 지열을 이용하여 주거와 농산물을 저장하였던 재래식 토굴을 현대화시킨 구조물의 지중저장토굴 공간이다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 1994

The Daehung and Pyeongan talc mines are located in the Yoogoo area, Chungcheongnam-Do. These deposits occur as the complex vein type in the ultramafic rocks which intruded Precambrian gneiss. The talc ore formed from sepentinitt: originated from ultramafic rocks but some of those from hornblende gneiss. The talcification processes were considered here on the basis of the mineral assemblages, paragenesis, and geochemistry. It appears that there are five processes in talcification ; serpentine$\rightarrow$talc, phlogopite$\rightarrow$chlorite$\rightarrow$talc, phlogopite$\rightarrow$talc, hornblende$\rightarrow$chlorite$\rightarrow$talc, and hornblende$\rightarrow$talc. Among them, the most dominant alteration path is serpentine to talc in these deposits. EPMA data suggest that there might be interstratified minerals were in between parent mineral and talc such as serpentine and talc, and phlogopite and talc. It can be found that tremolite exists in between the inner and outer most part of talcified serpentinite blocks coated with phlogopite. Some of tremolites has been altered to talc. The quartz veins and carbonate minerals were found in the talc ore zone. It indicates that the hydrothermal solution played an important role in talcification. The hydrothermal alteration occured after sepentinization. Ore zones can be divided into two zones; talc-serpentine zone preserving a pseudormorph of olivine (mesh texture) and talc-phlogopite zone showing talcification from phlogopite directly or through chlorite. It can be concluded that the formation of major talc ore body was due to talcification of serpentinite and phlogopite by hydrothermal solution. A nature of hydrothermal solution was relatively pure water at the beginning of serpentinization, and was getting richer in silica composition. There was a large amount influx of K and AI with hydrothermal solution in the later stage, and increased $P_{CO_{2}}$ also. It suggests that phlogopite formed in later stages as a secondary mineral. So, the major part of the talc ore body was formed from one parents rocks, serpentinite originated from ultramafic rocks, by hydrothermal solutions at several times.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 2010

Pulmonary toxicity of talc containing tremolite asbestos (TCT) has been studied in term sequential in Sprague-Dawely rats. UICC chrysotile(average diameter 0.03${\mu}m$, average length 2.93${\mu}m$) was applied as the positive control. TCT was analyzed for its physicochemical properties by transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(TEM-EDS). The effects of 2mg TCT(talc average diameter 9.7${\pm}$8.4${\mu}m$; tremolite average diameter 1.6${\pm}$1.6${\mu}m$, average length 10.8${\pm}$7.0${\mu}m$) on pathological changes were evaluated after 1, 8 weeks instilled into rat lungs. 2mg Chrysotile continuously affected lung pathological changes. Inflammation and granuloma response broke out from 1 week after instilled with chrysotile and the pathological examination further showed increased legions of lung after 8 weeks. But TCT did not showed lung pathological changes. The biopersistence of TCT and chrysotile was evaluated by TEM- EDS. Whereas chrysotile continuously have retained to 8 weeks instilled into rat lungs, talc of TCT showed statistically significant decrease of diameter from 1 weeks and statistically significant change in Si atomic % compositions at 8 weeks instilled into rat lungs. Physicochemical properties of tremolite of TCT were not affected until 8 weeks instilled into rat lungs. This study showed that the durability of TCT in the lungs is much weaker than chrysotile.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.709-715
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• 2001

Pressure sore(Decubitus ulcer) is an area of ulceration and necrosis of the skin and underlying tissues occurring over the body prominence such as the sacrum, greater trochanter, scapula, lateral malleolus, thoracic spine and heels after prolonged or often repeated pressure. These days incidence of pressure sore have been increased because of the many population of the old, traffic accidents and cerebral vascular disease. But the treatment was not confirmly established. As for treatment, we used Talcum powder for 10 days in case 1 and 6 days in case 2. The patients were improved within 14 days after treatment in case 1 and 10 days in case 2.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.689-700
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• 2019

This study aimed to analyze the nature and characteristics of the preserved state, materials, and colored pigments of a Buddhist painting of Eunhaesa temple(gwaebultaeng), which is Treasure No. 1270 of Korea, through scientific investigation and analysis. Based on the historical background of the subject, the study investigated the aspects of conservation and analyzed the material characteristics of each pigment in the painting. Results indicate that various colors were created using inorganic pigments such as white lead, minium, cinnabar, orpiment, gold, atacamite, malachite, and smalt and using organic pigments such as black and indigo. The Eunhaesa painting used "cho" as a material for wallpaper, which was unusual during the Joseon period. In addition, a white layer was formed using various white pigments, which was also rare during this period.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.249-261
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• 2012

Phlogopite-bearing orthopyroxenite occurs in Andong ultramafic complex in a planar body of about 1 meter thick, and consists mostly of coarse subhedral to euhedral orthopyroxene crystals. Minor minerals are clinopyroxene, phlogopite, and plagioclase with trace chromian spinel, pentlandite, apatite, and zircon. Clinopyroxene occurs as either exolution lamella or interstitial fillings with phlogopite and plagioclase. Electron microprobe analysis showed that orthopyroxenes are entatite, while clinopyroxenes are diopside with little chemical variation through samples. Hydrous alteration resulted in the formation of talc, amphibole, and serpentine from orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase, respectively. The orthopyroxenite was probably formed by the fractional crystallization of the ultramafic magma. Radiogenic dating of phlogopite and zircon of the orthopyroxenite would reveal the age of the Andong ultramafic complex.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.10
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• pp.79-83
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• 1971

To investigate the effects of seed treatments and liming on nodulation and growth of lucerne(Medicago sativa L.) in an upland yellow-brown earth in N.Z. the five levels of seed treatments(Uninoculated, Inoculated, Inoculated plus lime pelleted, Inoculated plus 50/50 phosphate/dolmite pelleted, Inoculated plus ta1c pelleted), and 2 levels of lime applications (0, 25kg/10a) were compared and their interactions were observed, and then the following results were obtained. 1. In oder to obtain the effective nodulation of lucerne on acid soil it is usually necessary to apply lime and inoculate the seed. 2. The coating of inoculated lucerne seed with adequate materials will promote the nodulation. 3. The pelleting of lucerne seed may be a of reducing the need for the heavy liming. 4. The finely grounded lime was the best to use origin upland yellow-brown earth. 5. When the seed were not inoculated or pelleted with inferior material, liming is very effective for the nodulation and growth of lucerne. 6. The pelleting seed will reduce the laborious work and expenditure.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the source of U anormaly formed in stream water of the drainage system around the Shinbo talc mine area based on the hydrochemical properties of water masses including surface water and groundwater. The hydrochemical properties of water masses in the Shinbo talc mine area are divide into three types; Type I : $Ca(Mg)SO_4$ type with high U content as shown in the stream water flowout from the mine, Type II : $Ca(HCO_3)_2$ type with high U content as in deep groundwater, Type III : $Ca(HCO_3)_2$, type with low U content as in the other stream water and shallow groundwater. It is necessary to emphasize that in deducing the uranium source, a distinct discrimination between type I and type II is showed in their hydrothermal properties in spite of commonly having a high uranium content, which in turn means the occurrence of a different water-rock interaction processes between both type. All evidences suggest that type II groundwater have acted as a primary media in the transport of uranium and that, as the groundwater flows through the talc mineralization zone, water composition of type II was transformed into that of type I water as the results of a secondary water rock interaction process, caused by imposition of new mineralogically controlled thermodynamic constraints. Consequently, in the viewpoint of hydrochemical exploration, the investigation of the hydrologic circulation system and the hydrogeologic properties for the aquifer of type II groundwater shall be done first of all and will provide a crucial clue on tracing the uranium mineralization zone occurred in the Shinbo talc mine area.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-73
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• 1997

The talc of the Daeheung, Pyeongan, and Cheongdang (Shinyang) talc deposits in the Yesan-Gongju-Cheongyang area is a hydrothermal alteration product of serpentinite originated from ultramafic rocks. The mineral assemblages in alteration zones are: serpentine, serpentine-talc, talc, talc-chlorite, talc-phlogopite-chlorite, and talc-tremolite-chlorite. Chemical distributions in both the Al2O3-FeO-MgO system and the immobile elements suggest that the serpentine-talc and talc rocks are the reaction product of ultramafic rocks and silicic hydrothermal solution without addition of other granitic components, whereas chlorite-, phlogopite-, and tremolite-bearing rocks are the metasomatic alteration product of serpentinite by hydrothermal solution affected by granitic gneiss. Discontinuities in the immobile element ratios of mineral assemblages are due to changes in their mineralogy. The relative contents of Al2O3, TiO2, Zr in the talc-phlogopite-chlorite and talc-tremolite-chlorite rocks increase irregularly with increasing phlogopite, tremolite, and/or chlorite contents in contrast to other ore types. But the relative contents of Cr, Ni, and Co are uniform in all the mineral assemblages. Chemistry of each mineral assemblage formed by steatitization of serpentinite suggests that Cr, Co, Ni, MgO, and Fe2O3 are relatively immobile during the alteration, whereas SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and K2O are highly increased. The contents of chlorite, phlogopite, and tremolite in each mineral assemblage might be controlled by addition of Al2O3, K2O, and CaO, respectively. The high contents of other elements than immobile elements in the altered rocks as compared with unaltered rocks indicate that a large amount of elements were introduced from hydrothermal solution up to about 8∼41% in total mass showing maximum value in the talc-phlogopite-chlorite rock.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.429-433
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• 2005

We investigated the effects of aqueous extract from talc for suppression in the process of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat. The weight of urinary bladder was increased in the cyclophosphamide-injected rat compared with normal, but the increase of weight was arrested by intake of talc. More similar results showed in the uric test involving nitrate content and blood cell number and serum analysis involving the content of blood urea nitrogen and uric acid in the talc challenged rat compared with control one. More severe histological changes of urinary bladder such as edema, wall thickness, bleeding, vacuolation in mucosal epithelium were demonstrated in the rat injected with cyclophosphamide compared with normal. Fewer scores of these changes such as edema and bleeding were observed in rats treated with talc. In the immunohistochemical analysis, the expression of inflammatory-related protein examined tended to increase in the urinary bladder of cyclophosphamide-injected rat, especially COX-2 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in mucosal epithelium and iNOS and $IL-1{\beta}$ in mucosal and muscular layer. The decline of these immunoreation were observed in the talc treated rat, significant decrease of COX-2 was detected in mucosal epithelium and iNOS in submucosal layer. These results suggest that talc may use as a useful therapeutic agent for noninfectious cystitis.