• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2017

There is little information about the seed longevity of wild plants, although seed bank storage is an important tool for biodiversity conservation. This study was conducted to predict the seed viability equation of Agastache rugosa. The A. rugosa seeds were stored at moisture contents ranging from 2.7 to 12.5%, and temperatures between 10 and $50^{\circ}C$. Viability data were fitted to the seed viability equation in a one step and two step approach. The A. rugosa seeds showed orthodox seed storage behaviour. The viability constants were $K_E=6.9297$, $C_W=4.2551$ $C_H=0.0329$, and $C_Q=0.00048$. The P85 of A. rugosa seeds was predicted to 152 years under standard seed bank conditions. The P85 predicted by seed viability equation can be used as basic information for optimization of seed storage processes.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 3주 동안 장기간 냉각상태로 보관된 개 정자의 기능적 특성을 알아보고자 두 종류의 정자 희석액, Glucose-BSA(G-BSA), Dimitropoulos-II(BIMI)가 정자의 기능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 개 정액을 수지법에 의해 채취하여 원심분리한 후 정장은 제거하였다. 정자를 G-BSA나 DIMI으로 희석하여 최종 농도를 $100\times10^6$ sperm/ml로 하였다. 희석된 정자를 정자 운송 시스템을 이용하여 루지애나 주립 대학에서 뉴올리언즈 실험실까지 운송하였다. 정자 운송 시스템은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 $9^{\circ}C$까지 분당 $0.08^{\circ}C$ 냉각율로 설정하였다. 희석된 정자는 $4^{\circ}C$에서 3주간 보관하였다. 보관 1일부터, 매주 단위로 정자의 활력, 정자 원형질막 고유성(생존성), 정자 첨체의 고유성을 검사하였다. 또한 체외조건하에서의 정자 번식 능력을 평가하기 위해 zona binding assay를 실시하였다. 실험 결과 냉각 상태로 3주 동안 보관된 개 정자는 여전히 정자의 기능적 특성을 나타냈다. 냉각기간이 길어질수록 정자의 활력 및 생존성은 감소하였으며(P<0.01), 첨체의 고유성은 냉각기간에 따라 감소하였으나 유의성은 없었다. 정자의 특성 중 활력이 다른 특성에 비해 냉각처리에 민감한 반응을 보였다. G-BSA배지에 보관된 정자의 활력 및 생존성이 DIMI에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 1 주 동안 보관된 정자의 생존성의 비교시 유의성이 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 그러나 첨체의 고유성은 1일 동안 DIMI에 보관된 정자에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 3주 동안 냉각상태로 보관된 개 정자는 여전히 난자의 투명대에 결합하는 능력을 보였으며, G-BSA에 보관된 정자의 경우 난자에 부착되는 평균 정자 수가 보관일수에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 그러나 희석액 종류에 따른 난자에 부착되는 평균 정자 수의 유의적 차이는 없었다. 정자의 활력 및 생존성과 난자의 투명대에 결합하는 정자 수와의 상관관계를 본 결과, 활력 및 생존성이 높은 정자일수록 난자의 투명대에 많이 결합하여 정자의 잠재적 번식력이 증가함을 보였다. 결론적으로 G-BSA나 DIMI의 희석액으로 희석된 후 $4^{\circ}C$에서 냉각 보관된 정자는 3주 동안 정자의 기능적 특성을 유지하였으며 냉각 보관 2주까지 좋은 성적의 정자 특성을 나타냈다. 개 정자 냉각 보존에 대안적인 희석액으로 G-BSA도 사용 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 1989

The study was performed to examine varietal differences of wilting injury in terms of the root developing system and root activity. The field survey was conducted at the farmer's, and the experimental fields. The experimental investigation was done at different growth stage of rice plant in the sand culture condition. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The T/R ratio of healthy plants was greater than that of the wilted plants in Yushin. 2. Regardless of plant parts, the root activity of the wilted plants decreased in Yushin. The T/R ratio of Yushin tended to increase at the vegitative stage while the Photosynthate distribution to root decreased at the later stage. 3. The root activity and the plant growth rate were higher at vegetative growth stage, while the root activity at reproductive stage decreased. 4. The root activity of Milyang 23, which has relatively less injury of wilting, did not significantly differ between the wilted and the healthy plants. The root was thick and T/R ratio was low.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

The glutathione (GSH) concentration in leaves of different maturities and roots of forage rape (Brassica napus L.) supplied with four levels of external $SO_4^{2-}$ (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) supply were measured. The relationships of GSH concentration with $SO_4^{2-}$ uptake, ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) and O-acteylserine (thiol) lyase (OASTL) activity were also assessed. The $SO_4^{2-}$ uptake increased in parallel with the external $SO_4^{2-}$ supply, while protein concentration was not significantly changed. The ATPS activity increased continuously with decreasing $SO_4^{2-}$ supply from 2.0 to 0 mM, while the OASTL activity decreased significantly only at S-deficient conditions (0 and 0.1 mM). The GSH concentration in the young leaves, middle leaves and roots continuously increased (except for between 1.0 and 2.0 mM in the middle leaves and roots) as the external S supply was increased, but no significant changes occurred in the old leaves. The increased endogenous GSH concentration, affected by the $SO_4^{2-}$ supply level, was significantly related with the decrease in ATPS activity in both leaves and roots, and the decrease in OASTL activity only in leaves..

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2006

We tested the seed viability of Pinus rigida using accelerated aging to discover optimum times and temperatures far artificially accelerated aging. Seeds were artificially aged at different temperatures and during different tines. The seed viability was affected by the accelerated aging and by temperature with a decline in germination and seed vigor. The aging index of P. rigida seed was 0.31 at $35^{\circ}C$ and seed viability was nearly lost after aging treatment at $40^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. The optimum temperature of P. rigida far the aging test was decided to be approximately $37^{\circ}C$ on the basis of the aging index. Inorganic materials and conductivity of leaching solution from aging seeds increased with the increase of aging period. The accelerated aging test was considered to be a suitable method to evaluate the seed viability of tree species. Because seed characters are much different among tree species, however, more studies need to be done to discover the optimum conditions for aging by tree species.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4285-4295
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of participation motivation on exercise emotion and psychological well-being of marathon participants. The subjects of this study consisted of 241 marathon participants. The result of this study were as follows. First, the subscales of participation motivation, enjoyment, achievement and excitement positively influenced to fun, vigor, pride, achievement, catharsis. And skill development positively influenced to vigor, pride, achievement, catharsis. And external display positively influenced to vigor but, affiliation negatively influenced to vigor, achievement, and catharsis. And amotivation negatively influenced to fun, vigor, pride, catharsis. Second, the subscales of participation motivation, skill development and enjoyment positively influenced to feeling of flow, feeling of competence, feeling of self-realization, hedonic enjoyment. achievement and excitement positively influenced to feeling of flow and hedonic enjoyment, external display positively influenced to feeling to flow. And amotivation negatively influenced to feeling of self-realization and hedonic enjoyment. Third, the subscales of exercise emotion, pride positively influenced to feeling of flow, feeling of competence, feeling of self-realization, hedonic enjoyment. And vigor positively influenced to feeling of flow and hedonic enjoyment. And fun positively influenced to feeling of competence and feeling of self-realization. And achievement positively influenced to hedonic enjoyment.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the on the fitness of Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. along the coverage of Ambrosia trifida L. We were measured the number of species, death rate of P. stenophyllum, vegetative and reproductive growth of P. stenophyllum and analyzed from June 2015 to October 2016. The coverage gradient of A. trifida was divided none removed control (Control, C), 40 ~ 60% removed treatment (Treatment 1, T1) and 100% removed treatment (Treatment 2, T2) of A. trifida. As a result, When the more than 40% of removal coverage of A. trifida, the number of plant speciecs, the number of P. stenophyllum and vegetative and reproductive growth of P. stenophyllum were higher than none removed the A. trifida during the two years. Therefore, We suggest that the removal of more than 40% coverage of A. trifida from the habitats is effective in preserving the plant species diversity and conserving the populations of P. stenophyllum in this study area.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.130
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• pp.23-45
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• 2014

It can be said that Scheler's theory of perception is the theory of drive-conditioned perception, in more detail the theory of drive-motoric conditions of perception. Scheler tells us that Immanuel Kant and Ernst Mach were mistaken in their assumption that sensations are purely receptive and primary in all experience. He claims that sensations are not primary but subsequent to a subliminal attention of vital drives(called 'Vor-Liebe und Vor-Interesse' by him). And because sense perception cannot take place without a vital energy of drives that account for the ongoing activity of perception, no object can be perceived unless it stimulates movement in an organism which exercises a count-movement against objects and thereby resisting objects. According to Scheler, an order of foundation such as the preexistence of images prior to perception; the priority of perception with regard to functions of senses; the priority of sense functions with regard to sensations has to be kept in mind. And it has to be kept in mind that the essence of life is pre-empirical, is pure becoming(Werden) and unbecoming(Entwerden), a process in which its two empirical sides are not yet separated. Then it is easy to see that perception is conditioned by vital drives. The drive-conditioned theory of perception is also supported by the fact that the motility of an organism determines its sensory apparatus, an organism has an alphabet of senses that can serve as signs of luring and noticing objects that are meaningful for its drive-motoric behavior. For example a lizard remains undisturbed by a gun shot but runs away from the slightest noise in the grass.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.173-187
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• 2023

In an era of population decline, depopulated regions facing challenges in attracting inbound population migration must enhance urban vitality through the attraction of living populations. This study focuses on Busan, a city experiencing population decline, comparing the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of registered residents and living populations in various administrative districts (Eup-Myeon-Dong) using mobile communication big data. Administrative districts are typified based on population change patterns, and regional characteristics are analyzed using indicators related to urban decline and vitality. Spatiotemporal distribution analysis reveals generally similar density patterns between registered residents and living populations; however, a distinctive feature is observed in the city center areas where the density of registered residents is low, while the density of living populations is high. Divergent trends in spatial patterns of change between registered residents and living populations show clusters of registered population decline in low-density areas and clusters of living population decline in high-density areas. Areas adjacent to declining living populations exhibit large clusters of population changes, indicating a spillover effect from high-density to neighboring areas. Typification results reveal that, even in areas with a decline in registered residents, there is active population influx due to commuting or visiting. These areas sustain an increase in the number of businesses, confirming the presence of industrial and economic growth. However, approximately 47% of administrative districts in Busan are experiencing a decline in both registered residents and living populations, indicating ongoing regional decline. Urgent measures are needed for enhancing urban vitality. The study emphasizes the necessity of utilizing living population data as an urban planning indicator, considering the increasing limit distance of urban activities and growing interregional interaction due to advancements in transportation and communication.

• KCID journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2003

농촌의 현황을 다원적으로 파악하기 위해 다양한 관점의 29개의 데이터를 선정하여 주성분 분석방법을 활용하여 지역을 진단하는 기법을 개발하였다. 이 진단 기법은 일본 전국의 시$\cdot$정$\cdot$촌의 평균치를 3차원 좌표축을 원점(0, 0, 0)으로 하여 진단하고자 하는 지역의 데이터를 입력하여 진단지역이 전국 평균치 대비 어떠한 위치에 있는가를 용이하게 진단할 수 있다. 좌표축은 경제활력, 농업활력, 자연환