• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.402-412
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate the importance of nurses' caring behaviors as perceived by nurses and patients at emergency departments, and to determine the differences between the two groups. Methods: The subjects of this study were 159 nurses working at emergency departments in 9 general hospitals in B Metropolitan City and 153 in-patients in 6 general hospitals, who were transferred to a general ward after being admitted to an emergency room. Research tool was a self-report questionnaire, which was a translated version of Caring Behavior Assessment(CBA). In this study, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was ranged from .83 to .93 in the seven subscale's reliability of CBA. Results: In terms of caring behaviors at emergency departments, both nurses and patients perceived that the most important subscale was . The subscale which showed the least importance from both groups was . Conclusion: The results of this study have demonstrated that nurses' caring behaviors can meet the patient's needs if the gap in perceptions between nurses and patients would be reduced.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.749-758
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for measuring the intra-operative caring as perceived by regional anesthesia patients. Methods: A preliminary instrument with 54 questions, based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with 11 regional anesthesia patients, was developed. A group of experts revised individual questions, and 34 questions were finally selected. This tool was tested with 137 regional anesthesia patients admitted to D university hospital in B city from August to October 2008. Results: The validity and reliability of the tool were tested using factor analysis. After item analysis, one question with a correlation coefficient under .30 was discarded After performing factor analysis on the final 33 questions, 7 factors were identified; holistic needs fulfillment, consideration, protective environment, cautiousness, concern, information, physical comfort. The total variance shown in the test was 73.5%. A Cronbach alpha of 0.96 showed the reliability of the instrument. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that the tool is statistically reliable and valid to measure the intra-operative caring perceived by regional anesthesia patients. This tool can be utilized usefully in assessing the effects of nursing interventions for regional anesthesia patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.280-290
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study done to identify the experiences of families caring for patients with terminal cancer. The question was, "What is the caregiving experience of a family who has a member with terminal cancer?" Methods: Grounded Theory was applied and in-depth interviews were done with 11 family members. Interviews were recorded with the interviewees' consent and were transcribed and analyzed. Participants' relationships to patients were 6 spouses, 4 daughters, and 1 mother. The ages of the participants were between 32 and 62, with an average of 47.5. Results: The study showed "enduring with bonds" as the main category and the main factor affecting this category was the "patients' diagnosis of terminal cancer." The caregiving experience was divided into four stages: shock, confusion, struggle, and acceptance. Mediating factors were relationship with the patient, intimacy with the patient, social support, communication, and trust. Conclusively, participants underwent internal maturity, and changes occurred in family and social and personal life. Conclusion: The families took care of the patients with responsibility and love. The study results should help with the understanding of a family with a member with terminal cancer and should be used to develop nursing, mediating, and consulting programs for these caregivers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.653-667
• /
• 1996

It is important to find indicators of quality nursing care to establish the excellence of nursing practice and for the development of nursing as a profession. Caring is one of the indicators which can represent professional nursing care. The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool of caring that could be used as an instrument for the evaluation of quality of nursing care. The Target population for the developed tool of caring is the adult patient. The mearsurement tool of caring was developed through the following steps. (1) A list of caring behaviors was made using qualitative researches on caring that has been done in Korea. (2) Caring behaviors in nurses were selected using the list of caring behaviors developed from Watson's 10 factors of caring. (3) Items for the measurement tool of caring were developed using the caring behaviors of nurses (4) Content validity of the developed items was evaluated by an expert panel. (5) The mearsurement tool of caring was developed after a pilot study (6) Internal consistency, and construct validity of the developed tool were verified. (7) The mearsurement tool of caring with the items verified for the internal consistency and construct validity was confirmed. As a result of the study, a mearsurement tool of caring, composed of 27 items with 3 factors, was developed. The Reliability coefficient of the tool was. 9578. The tool is a 5 point Likert scale. The factors of the tool and the number of items for each factor are, 1) accessibility and availablility, 15 items ; 2) emotional support and giving information, 8 items ; 3) providing a protective environment, 4 items.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.114-123
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify the effects of caring burden and the way of coping on burnout in caregivers of cancer patients. Methods: One-hundred and forty family caregivers of cancer patients who visited the cancer center at one tertiary hospital in metropolitan city B were included. The data collection was conducted from August 1st to October 1st, 2018, using a structured, self-reported questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: In the multiple regression analysis, the subject's gender (${\beta}=.12$, p=.028) and caring burden (${\beta}=.74$, p<.001) had a significant effect on burnout. The explanatory power of the subject's gender, education level, religion, caring time, number of family caregivers, monthly income, economic burden, expectation for treatment, caring burden, the way of aggressive coping, and the way of passive coping with burnout was 63.8% (F=23.28, p<.001). Conclusion: Reducing the caring burden in family caregivers of cancer patients will ultimately contribute to reducing burnout, thereby contributing to an improvement in the psychological well-being and quality of life of family members, as well as positively contributing to the recovery of patients.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.243-251
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this descriptive study was to identify factors influencing quality of life among family caregivers of non-cancer patients at the end-of-life stage. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Participants included 172 family caregivers caring for non-cancer patients. Data were collected from April to May 2016 and analyzed with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: The mean of the participants' quality of life was 51.70±9.98. Factors influencing quality of life among family caregivers were spiritual care (𝛽=-.45, p=.021), coordination among family members or relatives (𝛽=-.27, p=.029), and psychological support (𝛽=-.04, p=.031). The explanatory power of the model was 21.0%. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that care needs; spiritual care, coordination among family members or relatives, and psychological support are important factors for family caregivers' quality of life. To improve quality of life among family caregivers who are taking care of non-cancer patients at the end-of-life stage, national systems establishing comprehensive support considering the respective care needs of patients are crucial.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to discuss challenges for hope seeking intervention based on individual experience (HSIBIE) in palliative care, assuming that hope is an individualized unique, subjective, and dynamic experience. Methods: Literature, including analysis and discussion, was reviewed to identify limitations and ways to develop HSIBIE. Results: This study identified following challenges: 1. Hope was often described and utilized as a standardized unified structure with varying attributes or mono-structure emphasizing a realistic hope, or both of them (relativism vs. monism) in one literature. This challenge is represented as a problem in conceptualization. 2. Few studies discussed various patterns of hope or individuals' unique experiences in palliative care. 3. The HSIBIE and the method for the HSIBIE have been rarely discussed. Conclusion: A problem in conceptualization is often related to fixed ideas formed over a long period and used in a closed circle of scholars and professionals. Therefore, such fixed ideas should be openly challenged with fresh perspectives. The second issue requires a cross-cultural studies of various hope experiences in palliative care, which can be used for effective and appropriate HSIBIE.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2018

Purpose: End-of-life (EoL) decisions are challenging and multifaceted for patients and physicians. This study was aimed to explore how EoL care is practiced for patients with a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of patients who died after agreeing to a DNR order in 2016 at a university hospital. Characteristics including cause of death, intensity of EoL care, and other factors were reviewed and statistically analyzed. Results: Of total 375 patients, 170 patients (45.3%) died with malignancies, and 205 patients (54.6%) with other causes involving the central nervous system (19.2%), pulmonary (14.7%), cardiologic (6.7%) and infectious (6.4%) conditions. Both the cancer and non-cancer patient groups showed a short duration from DNR to death (median 3 days vs 2 days, P=0.629). An intensive care group comprising patients who received one or more intensive treatments such as ventilator (n=205) showed a higher number of non-cancer patients and a shorter duration from DNR to death than a group that withheld treatment before DNR (P<0.05). Conclusion: EoL decisions were made very late by both cancer and non-cancer patients. About half of the patients did not have cancer, and two-thirds of them decided DNR during intensive treatment. To make a good EoL decision, a shared decision making with patients should be done at an earlier stage.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2015

For patients who are near the end of life, an inevitable step is discussion of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order, which involves patients, their family members and physicians. To discuss DNR orders, patients and family members should know the meaning of the order and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which includes chest compression, defibrillation, medication to restart the heart, artificial ventilation, and tube insertion in the respiratory tract. And the following issues should be considered as well: patients' and their families' autonomy, futility of treatment, and the right for death with dignity. Terminal cancer patients should be informed of what futility of treatment is, such as a low survival rate of CPR, unacceptable quality of life after CPR, and an irremediable disease status. In Korea, two different law suits related to life supporting treatments had been filed, which in turn raised public interest in death with dignity. Since the 1980s, knowledge of and attitude toward DNR among physicians and the public have been improved. However, most patients are still alienated from the decision making process, and the decision is often made less than a week before death. Thus, the DNR discussion process should be improved. Early palliative care should be adopted more widely.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2018

Purpose : This study aimed to develop an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the experiences of critical care nurses caring for dying patients. Method : Eleven critical care nurses with experience in caring for dying patients were recruited from four tertiary hospitals. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted between November 2016 and March 2017. The transcribed data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify major themes and sub-themes that represented the experiences of critical care nurses. Results : The following six themes, and twelve sub-themes, were identified: (1) the gap between expectation and reality, (2) a distorted meaning of death, (3) repeated emotional pain and stress, (4) finding a solution alone, (5) sublimation into mission and calling, and (6) integration into one's own life. Conclusion : This study found that critical care nurses experience various psychological difficulties while caring for dying patients, and they made efforts on their own to overcome them. These findings are expected to inform the development of specialized programs to support critical care nurses to tackle these challenges, create guidelines on caring for dying patients, and help promote death education.