• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.200-205
• /
• 1996

This experiment was conducted to characterize and quantify the free sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose) contained in many different portions of watermelon (Citrus vulgaris L.) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus Naud.) fruits by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Free sugars were mainly fructose, glucose, sucrose, and their contents were variable among portions. Total free sugar contents were higher in the stylar end and side than in the stem end of both watermelon and muskmelon. Total free sugar contents increased from the periphery toward the central core in watermelon and except central core content seeds in muskmelon Ratio of nonreducing to reducing sugars [(fructose + glucose)/sucrose] was gradually decreased from the periphery toward the middle area in watermelon, though the central core showed higher value than the middle area. For the edible portion of muskmelon, the ratio was decreased toward middle area, and no significant difference was observed between the central core and the middle area. However, reducing sugars and nonreducing sugar were all increased from the periphery toward the central core in watermelon. In contrast with watermelon, reducing sugars were decreased in muskmelon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.105.2-106
• /
• 2003

배 폐과를 효율적으로 활용하여 식품소재나 이를 이용한 기능성식품 개발을 위하여 배 품종별 생장시기에 따른 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 나주 지역에서 생산한 풍수, 신고, 추황 등 3품종을 시료로 하여 생장시기에 따라 배 무게의 증가를 관찰하였고 표면의 착색도는 Hunter 색차계로 L, a, b값을 측정하였으며 수분함량은 상압가열건조법으로 측정하였다. pH와 가용성 고형물은 각각 pH meter와 refractometer로, 총산은 적정법으로 측정하여 citric acid로 나타내었다. 총당은 phenol-황산법으로, 환원당의 함량은 DNS법으로 정량 하였고 총탄수화물의 함량과 전분의 함량은 산 가수 분해시킨 후 DNS법으로 측정하였다. 유기산과 유리당은 HPLC를 이용하여 정성, 정량 분석하였다. 풍수 과중의 증가는 거의 직선적으로 증가하였고 신고와 추황은 생장전기에는 급속히 증가하다가 후기에는 완만한 증가를 보였다. 풍수는 L, a, b값이 모두 약간의 증가를 보였고 신고와 추황은 a값이 각각 -1.80, 4.01에서 9.22, 9.70으로 증가하였으며 L, b값은 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 과피의 수분함량은 약 61%에서 79%로 증가하였고 과육의 수분함량은 76%에서 90%로 증가하였다. 풍수와 추황의 경우 과육의 수분함량은 생장초기에 이미 생장후기와 비슷한 수분함량 비율을 갖고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 3품종 모두 생장초기 총산의 함량은 수확시기의 함량보다 높았고 추황의 경우 성장이 진행됨에 따라 과피와 과육의 총산의 함량은 감소하다가 다시 약간의 증가 추세를 나타내었다. 유기산은 주로 tartaric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid 그리고 shikimic acid가 검출되었고 수확시기에 3품종에서 모두 malic acid 함량이 가장 높았고 malic acid와 citric acid의 함량이 풍수와 신고에서는 약 0.3%, 추황은 0.4% 이상으로 나타났다. 또한 3품종 모두에서 총산과 같은 추세로 성숙기의 유기산의 함량이 생장초기의 함량보다 많이 감소되었음을 알 수 있었다. 배의 가용성 고형물은 전체적으로 과실의 성장이 진행됨에 따라 증가하는 추세를 나타내었다. 풍수와 신고 과피의 총당과 환원당은 거의 같은 추세로 증가하였고 성숙이 가까워지면서 환원당이 감소하였다. 배 과육의 총당과 환원당 또한 거의 같은 추세로 증가를 하다가 수확 전 20일 혹은 30일부터 총당의 함량은 계속 증가하지만 환원당의 함량은 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 배 과실의 전반 성장과정에 있어서 전분함량은 감소하였고 총탄수화물의 함량은 과육에서는 증가하나 과피에서는 반대로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 풍수의 전분함량은 최고 2.19%에서 0.23%로 감소하였고 신고에서는 0.43%로 추황에서는 0.48%로 감소하였다. 배 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sorbitol, sucrose 둥 4종류의 당이 검출되었고 3품종 모두에서 생장과정 중 비환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2016

In this study, biosugar production by the red-algae Eucheuma cottonii was investigated using dilute sulfuric acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and data analysis by response surface methodology. This approach yielded 25.8 g/l total reducing sugar under the conditions of $160.1^{\circ}C$, 1% (v/v) sulfuric acid, and 13.1 min. The sugar concentration showed a linear inverse correlation with the combined severity factor (CSF) of the reaction conditions. CSF was calculated as $log(t{\cdot}e{xp}[(T_H-T_R)/14.75])-pH$, where t is the coupling reaction time, $T_H$ is the target temperature, and $T_R$ is the reference temperature ($100^{\circ}C$). In addition, levulinic acid production showed a linear positive correlation with CSF. E. cottonii may represent a useful feedstock for sugar production in the field of bioenergy.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.21 no.6 s.101
• /
• pp.474-478
• /
• 2006

For the economically feasible production of ethanol, utilization of SFW (saccharified food wastes) as substrate for synchronous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process was developed in this study. When 200 g of food wastes and 40 mL of enzyme ($amylase activity,\;3.0\;U/m{\ell}$) were reacted, production rate of reducing sugar was $5.84\;g/{\ell}{\cdot}h$, and consumption rate was $-3.88\;g/{\ell}{\cdot}h\;at\;35^{\circ}C$ So suitable condition of SSF was concluded at temperature of $35^{\circ}C$. Also, optimal enzyme concentration of SSF was concluded in $2.0\;U/m{\ell}$, at this condition, the production rate of reducing sugar was $4.80\;g/{\ell}{\cdot}h$ At SSF process, when 50 g of food wastes was supplied in 12 h interval, $64\;g/{\ell}$ of ethanol and 0.45 g-ethanol/g-reducing sugar in yield were obtained in 120 h fermentation. Thus, the technology of high yield of ethanol production using food wastes was confirmed. And semi-continuos SSF system for cutting off cost of enzymatic saccharification was developed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 1980

The spectrophotometric determination oi reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves was carried out by employing blue tetrazolium chloride as a color developing reagent. The absorption maximum of formazan dye which is the product of the reaction between blue tetrazolium chloride and fructose was shown to be $530^{nm}$. In the fructose concentration range of 0.02mg/ml-0.14mg/ml the calibration curve was well coincided to the law of Beer-Lambert. In order to take a look at the accuracy and/or recovery rate of fructose determination, the standard fructose was added to the tobacco leaves and the concentration of this standard fructose was estimated. A tittle lower concentration of the standard fructose compared with the pure one in solution was observed. However, an excellent analytical recovery was revealed under the -2% of relative error limit. When we carried out the quantitative determination of this reducing sugar by the method of visual read-out (without using the spectrophotometer), the relative error was obtained to be $\pm$10%.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2014

Recently, many biofuels and chemicals converted from renewable resources have been introduced into chemical industries. Sargassum fulvellum is a brown macro-algae, which is found on the seashores of Korea and Japan. In this work, the production of total reducing sugar and levulinic acid from S. fulvellum, using dilute-acid catalyzed hydrothermal hydrolysis and statistical methodology, was investigated. As a result, 15.28 g/l total reducing sugar was obtained under the optimized conditions of $160.1^{\circ}C$, 1.0% sulfuric acid, in 20.2 min. Furthermore, 2.65 g/l levulinic acid was obtained at $189.5^{\circ}C$, 2.93% sulfuric acid, in 48.8 min.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.117.2-118
• /
• 2003

절임식품은 우리 고유의 먹거리이지만 체계적인 연구가 부족하여 품질표준화가 이루어지지 않고 있어 우리의 전통식품을 세계적인 식품으로 개발하기 위해서는 전통식품을 과학화하고 현대화할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다. 새로운 된장절임 가공법을 개발하고자 blanching, salting, drying 등의 전 처리를 행한 후 된장 절임기간에 따른 새송이 버섯의 수분함량, 염도, 색상, 조직특성, 관능특성 등의 변화를 조사하였다. 된장절임기간에 따른 새송이 버섯의 수분함량 변화는 숙성시간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였으며 염도는 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 무처구를 제외하고는 숙성 30일 이후부터는 변화가 거의 없었다. 숙성기간에 따른 색상의 변화를 보면 블랜칭이 매우 효과적으로 변색을 방지하였다. 숙성 30일부터는 모든 처리구에서 강도가 저하하는 경향을 보였으며 관능평가 결과 숙성 40일째에 맛과 조직감 그리고 기호도 등 모든 항목에서 B(B)와 E(BSD) 처리구가 높은 점수를 받아 관능적 품질 특성이 가장 우수하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 전처리공정에 있어서는 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 블랜칭처리한 B(B)처리구가 가장 우수하였으나 된장 절임후 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라서는 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 블랜칭처리후 5% 염용액에서 72시간 절임한 후 4$0^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 탈염하고, 다시 5$0^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 3시간 건조시킨 E(BSD)처리구도 우수한 품질을 유지할 수 있어 새송이 버섯을 이용한 장류절임가공법으로 활용이 가능함을 확인하였다.d, citric acid 그리고 shikimic acid가 검출되었고 수확시기에 3품종에서 모두 malic acid 함량이 가장 높았고 malic acid와 citric acid의 함량이 풍수와 신고에서는 약 0.3%, 추황은 0.4% 이상으로 나타났다. 또한 3품종 모두에서 총산과 같은 추세로 성숙기의 유기산의 함량이 생장초기의 함량보다 많이 감소되었음을 알 수 있었다. 배의 가용성 고형물은 전체적으로 과실의 성장이 진행됨에 따라 증가하는 추세를 나타내었다. 풍수와 신고 과피의 총당과 환원당은 거의 같은 추세로 증가하였고 성숙이 가까워지면서 환원당이 감소하였다. 배 과육의 총당과 환원당 또한 거의 같은 추세로 증가를 하다가 수확 전 20일 혹은 30일부터 총당의 함량은 계속 증가하지만 환원당의 함량은 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 배 과실의 전반 성장과정에 있어서 전분함량은 감소하였고 총탄수화물의 함량은 과육에서는 증가하나 과피에서는 반대로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 풍수의 전분함량은 최고 2.19%에서 0.23%로 감소하였고 신고에서는 0.43%로 추황에서는 0.48%로 감소하였다. 배 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sorbitol, sucrose 둥 4종류의 당이 검출되었고 3품종 모두에서 생장과정 중 비환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranosi

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.437-442
• /
• 1992

In order to develop color of potato chip made from Superior variety and Irish Cobbler variety, various conditions on NaCl and $CaCl_2$ contents, heat treatment and soaking time were applied. The content of reducing sugar decreased by $30{\sim}40%$ in blanching without NaCl and $CaCl_2$. In NaCl soaking case, reducing sugar content decreased by $15{\sim}30%$, however, partial colorization was appeared that the sample turned to brown. In the sample that were soaking in NaCl solution and heat treated, reduction of reducing sugar was 40% and desirable time for heat treatment was 5 min and 7 min. In the sample treated $CaCl_2$ solution, reduction of reducing sugar was $25{\sim}30%$ and then color was not acceptable. In the sample soaking $CaCl_2$ solution and heat treated, reducing sugar content rapidly by 50% and the color development was the most ideal.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 1970

This study aimed to contribute fundamental study of sprouting in Gibberellin treated potatoes, and studied about Glucose and Sucrose amount and its sprouting stem structure in it sprouting seed potatoes with Gibberellin treatment. The results obtained are as follow; The quantity of glucose in gibberellin treated seed potatoes showed remarkable increase in comparison with that of those untreated, and the increment went up as the seeding date pass. As to the concentration of gibberellin, the 10 ppm plot contained more glucose than 5 ppm plot but 14th after seeding, it was found that this tendency was reversed. The increasing tendency of the quantity of sucrose in gibberellin treated seed potatoes were similar to that of glucose. The sprouting stems of the gibberellin 10 ppm and 5ppm plot were all longer than the controls. And after 14 days on account of thin ing growth by gibberellin treatment, the sprouting stems of the 5ppm plot were longer than 10ppm plot. The microscopic vertical and cross section of the gibberellin treated sprouting stems showed larger cells than those of untreated. The cells of sprouting stem treated by gibberellin 10 ppm were larger than those of the stems treated 5ppm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.447-454
• /
• 1987

Five soybean varieties of two early maturing; Karikei 73 and SS79168, and three late maturing; Tohoku 76, Baegunkong and Jangbaegkong, were used and evaluated in the study, Of the varieties examined, Karikei 73 was characterized by the delayed leaf senescence, To investigate the periodical trends of sugars in plant organs and their roles to the nitrogen fixing activity of root nodules, the concentrations of reducing and non-reducing sugar in root and nodules during the grain filling period were measured. The concentration of non-reducing sugar in roots was not changed up to the stage of R6 for all of the varieties but it decreased rapidly thereafter for the varieties except Karikei 73. No such rapid decrease in the concentration of non-reducing sugar in the roots was observed for Karikei 73 having the characteristics of delayed leaf senescence. The concentration of reducing sugar in the root nodules was not greatly changed for all of the varieties up to the stage of R6 regardless of the earliness of varieties but increased temporarily at R6.5 when there was a rapid decrease in ARA. The phenomenon explained the fact that nitrogen fixing activities were controlled not only by supplying sugars as the source of energy for nitrogen fixation, but also by the need for fixed nitrogen of the plant. The concentration of non-reducing sugar in root nodules also increased up to the stage of R6-R6.5 but decreased at R7, which could apply the same explanation as in the concentration of reducing sugar of the root nodules.