• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2001

Titanomagnetites, the primary magnetic mineral in submarine basalts, generally has undergone some degree of low temperature oxidation to cation-deficient titanomaghemites. Synthetic analogues of natural titanomaghemite have been prepared by the removal of iron mechanism employing a low-temperature aqueous oxidation method. Along with the low-temperature oxidation of titanomagnetite, magnetic properties of titanomagnetite change sensitively. The results show that as the degree of oxidation increases, the Curie temperature (Tc) increases from $166^{\circ}C$ to $400^{\circ}C$, saturation magnetization (Ms) at room temperature decreases from 126.30 kAlm (25.26 emu/g) to 16.55 kAlrn (3.31 emu/g) monotonously, and coercive force (Hc) and coercivity of remanence (Hcr) increase from 6.13 kAlm (77 Oe) and 23.24 kAlm (292 Oe) to 38.83 kNm (488 Oe) and 47.03 kAlm (591 Oe), respectively. Low field susceptibility (X) decreases from $2023{\times}10^{-6}SI$ to $84{\times}10^{-6}S1$. Based on the results of this study, it is interpreted that the NRM intensity variations of the oceanic crust of presetnt day to 30 Ma is due to the formation of titanomahemites of various degree of oxidation by the low-temperature aqueous oxidation of titanomagnetite, while the magnetic intensity changes of the oceanic crust older than 30 Ma is presumably caused by the combined effect of the formation of titanomaghemites and subsequent inversion of titanomagnemites. DetaileJ causes of the variations of NRM intensity of the oceanic crust may be revealed by systematic studies of the oceanic-floor basalts in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.271-276
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• 2016

Though various studies have analyzed the impact of physically being in the forest, consideration of the time factors is omitted in many of them. Since space and time mutually affect each other, the effects that resulted by the space factor can change when the time factor is introduced. In this paper, the focus was made on how the time spent in the forest influences the four resulting factors: live experiences, flow experiences, health perception and inner psychological perception. This research is based on the surveys taken from April to October, 2014. The focus of the questionnaire was to measure 'Live Experience (LE)', 'Flow (FL)', 'Health Perception (HP)' and 'Inner Psychological Perception (IPP)' levels among the participants. The respondents of the survey aged between 40 and 70, participating in Forest or ecological courses, living in the Northern area of Chungchungnam-do province of Korea. Additionally their past experiences ranged from as little as one year to as long as twenty years in forest related fields. It will be shown that the time spent in the forest affects the levels of LE, FL, HP, IPP, increasing them in proportion to the time with statistical significance. This result would be useful not only for those who are in charge of creating forest healing programs but also for people who study forest healing. Because the time spent in the forest influences the levels of LE, FL, HP, IPP, the forest healing programs will benefit by taking this result into consideration.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.258-264
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• 2003

중력이상 및 수치고도모델을 이용하여 한반도 모호면 심도를 추출하였다 중력이상값은 인공위성고도레이더 관폭값을 주로 이용한 전지구 모델을 이용하여 데이터영역 뿐 만 아니라 주파수영역에서도 자료의 균질성을 확보하였다. 모호면 추출은 Kim et al. [2000a]에 의해 제안된 스펙트럼 대비법 및 후리에급수를 이용한 파워스펙트럼분석법을 이용하였다. 전자는 지각근형을 전제로, 지형에 의한 중력효과와 후리에어 중력이상을 파동수영역에서 대비하여 모호면의 심도를 계산하는 방법이고, 후자는 완전부우게 중력이상으로부터 푸리에변환을 이용하여 지하 밀도 변화층의 심도를 계산하는 방법이다. 이 두 모호면은 서로 0.53의 상관관계를 갖고 있으며, 이는 모호면 산출의 방법론적인 차이 및 계산상의 오차인 것으로 사료된다. 이렇게 두 가지 독립적인 방법으로 추출된 모호면을 하나로 통합하기 위한 한 방법으로, 두 모호면의 차이를 계산한 후, 이를 최소자승법을 이용, 두 모호면을 보정하였다. 결과적으로 한반도의 최종 모호면의 평균심도는 32.0km, 표준편차는 2.5km 이며, 최소, 최대 심도는 20.3, 36.6km으로 나타났다. 이 경우 지형에 의한 중력효과는 스펙트럼대비법에 의해 제거된 결과이나, 한반도의 지각이 완전한 지각판 내에 놓여 있어서 Airy-Heiskanin 지각균형설의 가정이 타당성이 있는가, 혹은 국부적인 응력장에 의해 한반도의 지각이 과연 얼마나 지지되고 있는가 하는 것에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하며, 이에 앞서, 일정한 밀도차를 갖는 연속적인 밀도변화층이 존재한다는 가정이 반드시 필요하다.에는 관련성을 갖고 있으며, 이는 유류 분해정도를 파악하는 지시자로써 특정 무기 오염물질을 이용할 수 있을 가능성이 있으므로 좀더 이들 관계성에 대한 연구가 진행될 필요성이 있다고 판단된다.고 과학적으로 분석할 수 있는 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 의미를 되새기는 것으로 짧은 연구를 시작하겠다. 등은 활성 값이 70% 이상으로 퇴적물 독성이 상대적으로 낮았다. 이중나선 DNA 함량은 28.4 % - 49%로 대조군에 비해서 감소가 크다. 대부분의 정점이 대조군의 30% 내외로 정점 간의 차이는 크지는 않다. 그러나 다른 측정자료와 같이 정점 22에서 18%로 최소치를 나타내고, 정점 2, 12에서 20% 내외의 값을 보인다. 종합적으로 볼 때 오염물질의 유입이 크고, 광양제철 인근 정점 들이 모두 다른 정점에 비해서 낮아서, 퇴적물 독성이 높은 정점으로 조사되었다.hiwo의 광합성 능력은 낮은 농도들에서는 대조구와 유사하였으나, 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l의 높은 농도에서는 초기에 매우 낮은 광합성 능력을 보이다가 시간이 경과하면서 대조군보다 더 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 식물플랑크톤이 benso[a]pyrene의 낮은 농도에서 노출될 때는 이 물질을 탄소원으로 사용할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과들은 연안해역에 benso[a]pyrene과 같은 지속성 유기오염물질이 유입되었을 때 내정여부에 따라 식물플랑크톤 군집내 종 천이와 일차생산력에 크게 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.TEX>5.2개)였으며, 등급별 회수율은 각각 GI(8.5%), GII

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 1998

A new technique of simultaneous inversion for 3-D seismic velocity structure by using direct, reflected, and refracted waves is applied to the southeast part of the Korean Peninsula including Pohang Basin, Kyongsang Basin and Ryongnam Massif. Pg, Sg, PmP, SmS, Pn, and Sn arrival times of 44 events with 554 seismic rays are inverted for locations and crustal structure. $6{\times}6$ with $0.5^{\circ}$ and 8 layers (4 km each layer) model was inverted. 3-D seismic crustal velocity tomography including eight sections from surface to Moho, ten profiles along latitude and longitude are analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) the average velocity and thickness of sediment are 5.04 km/s and 3-4 km, and the velocity of basement is 6.11 km/s. The shape of velocity in shallower layer is agreement with Bouguer gravity anomaly (Cho et al., 1997). 2) the velocities fluctuate strongly in the upper crust. The velocity distribution of the lower crust under Conrad appears basically horizontal. 3) the average depth of Moho is 30.4 km, and velocity is 8.01 km/s. 4) from the velocity and depth of the sediment, the thickness, velocity and form of the upper crust, and the depth and form of Moho, we can find the obvious differences among Ryongnam Massif, Kyongsang Basin and Pohang Basin. 5) the deep faults (a Ulsan series faults) near Kyongju and Pohang areas can be found to be normal and/or thrust faults with detachment extended to the bottom of the upper crust.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.103-115
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• 2018

Recently, our interests are growing up the local food with global food's internationalization. Our interest about local food is increasing with agricultural crises and food safety. And this research will study how the local food cultural experience effect to local food's customer satisfaction and customer royalty. This study analyze customer who experienced the local food cultural experience. And we follow Pine & Gilmore's theory. They proposed the experience economic theory, which proposed 5 factors to analyze customer. Those are educational experience, emotional experience, entertaining experience, escaping experience, and physical experience. We select two factors, which are entertaining experience and physical experience. And we will study the customer satisfaction and royalty of the perceived customer by the two experienced factors. Especially, we analyze the local food policy, cultural factors related with local food, and customer's perceived value effect, and then, we will figure out the correlations among factors, propose the policy implications related with local food cultural experience and economic value creations of rural economy.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.58-77
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• 2017

This study applied the index called Visual Perception Intensity (VPI) which quantitatively deals with landscape values and viewpoints to designate the cultural heritage areas in the Scenic Sites. The results of the study are as follows. First, a VPI selection index was presented for designating the cultural heritage areas in the Scenic Sites. The index was applied in consideration of the distance from the viewing point to the object and its incident angle. In addition, the process of the VPI analysis was implemented with GIS and the analysis algorithm was constructed. Second, the possibility of VPI was examined by comparing the simple frequency of the cumulative visibility with the results of the VPI. The VPI was analyzed to be more influenced by the incidence angle than the distance between the viewpoint and the object within a 4.74 km area. Third, a field survey was performed to investigate the effectiveness of the VPI classification. The survey was implemented based on the results of the investigation into the VPI to examine whether human visual perception was fully reflected. It was confirmed through the field survey that an area with high VPI was also an important area. Fourth, a plan for the cultural heritage area adjustment was constructed by applying the VPI to the areas already designated as Scenic Sites. As a result of classifying the VPI into three classes, it was found that the areas with the second class or higher were needed to be designated as cultural heritage areas and the areas with the third class as the Historical and Cultural Environments Preservation Area.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.329-334
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• 2023

This study attempted to examine the effect of corporate ESG activities perceived by college students on corporate loyalty and purchase intention. The results of the study are as follows. Looking at the average ESG activities recognized by college students, society 4.28 points, governance 4.25 points, and environment 4.12 points out of 5, and the average customer loyalty was 3.86 points when 3 points out of 5 points were median, and purchase intention was 3.84 points. Looking at the correlation between the factors of corporate ESG activities, customer loyalty, and purchase intention perceived by college students, it was confirmed that it had a static correlation coefficient. As a result of analyzing the effect of ESG activities perceived by college students on customer loyalty, the variable that significantly affects customer loyalty in [Model 1] is the major (β=.167p=).01) It was. Among the additional variables added to [Model 2], the variable that significantly affects customer loyalty is the environment (t=3.017, p<.).01), society ((t=4.365, p<.001), governance structure (t=-3.139, p<.01) was found to have a significant effect on customer loyalty. As a result of analyzing the effect of ESG activities perceived by college students on purchase intention, there was no significant effect on purchase intention in [Model 1]. Among the additional variables put into [Model 2], society (t=4.850, p<.001), governance structure (t=-3.452, p<.01) was found to have a significant effect on purchase intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.750-759
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• 2023

The Korean government and industry practitioners have rapidly increased their interest in marine healing programs after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research related to understanding the perceived usefulness, participant satisfaction, and benefits of marine healing experience from a consumer-oriented perspective is still lacking. This study used the post acceptance model to continuously examine the relationship between the perceived usefulness, expectancy confirmation, participant satisfaction, and intention to participate in a marine healing program. A survey was conducted by trained interviewers every weekend from September to October 2022 on the participants of marine healing programs in Busan city, and 203 samples were used for the analysis. The results showed that expectancy confirmation for the marine healing program positively affected satisfaction with the program and the perceived usefulness of the program. Moreover, satisfaction of the participants with the marine healing program positively affected their intention to continue participating. Additionally, the perceived usefulness of the healing program positively affected program satisfaction and continuous participation intention.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 2002

Applying elastic plate model, we estimated elastic thickness and rigidity of the lithosphere in southern part of the Korean Peninsula($332km{\times}332km$ area of which center is $36.5^{\circ}N$ in latitude and $127.5^{\circ}E$ in longitude) by analysing terrain data and gravity data measured up to 2002. We tried to exclude the East Sea in choosing the study area because it has different tectonic environment. The mean Moho depth was estimated to be 30 km by power spectrum analysis of gravity data in the study area, Assuming one layer crust and applying elastic plate model, the loads with wavelengths of greater than 300 km are locally compensated, loads with wavelengths in the range 80-300km are partially supported by the strength of the lithosphere, and loads with wavelengths of less than 80km are almost completely supported by lithospheric strength. Assuming crustal model and rigidity, we calculated predicted coherence and compared it with observed coherence. As a result, we wert able to estimate the effective elastic thickness to be of 15 km(corresponding flexural rigidity is $3.0{\times}10^{22}Nm$). This indicates that the crust of the study area is relatively weaker than other old and stable continental regions but is similar to continental margins or oceanic area. The low rigidity could be explained by many tectonic and thermal activities such as orogenic activities, magmatic intrusions, volcanic activities, foldings, faultings, etc.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 2013

Although there has been much advance in the development of 3D displays of various purpose, 3D contents are not yet so used as expected in those displays. One well-known obstacle in the enjoyment of 3D contents is visual fatigue, but another major issue is image distortion of 3D contents. In the previous research, Shin, Li, & Kim (2012) reported systematic linear relationship between screen disparity and size perception of a simple object whose retinal size was constant across different disparities. In this research, we intended to generalize the previous finding by using various 3D stimuli in the test of the relationship between screen disparity and size perception of those stimuli. Consistent with previous findings, our data indicated that size perception linearly changes as a function of screen disparity and the linearity was observed in all stimuli types we used in this research. We described the empirical relationship between screen disparity and size perception in the form of prediction function for size perception in which visual angle is the predictor. This function will be very useful in the creation of 3D contents as one can make reasonable predictions on the to-be-perceived size of an object being filmed using screen disparity of their camera setting.