• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.365-378
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• 2009

This study performed microbiological hazards analysis in raw food materials, cooking processes, kitchen staff, utensils, and the environment in order to obtain contamination levels of S. aureus in school foodservice operations. S. aureus was not detected in cooked foods offered by the foodservice operations; however, it was found in raw food materials prior to cooking. In the case of vegetables, S. aureus was detected in washed mung bean sprouts, parboiled mung bean sprouts, and bellflower roots both before and after disinfection, at levels of 2.2, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0 log CFU/g, respectively. For processed foods, S. aureus was detected in one sample of packaged bean curd as well as in mung bean jelly cake at the level of 1.5 log CFU/g. For meat products, S. aureus was detected in beef brisket and chicken at levels of 2.3 and 1.3 log CFU/g, respectively. To determine microbiological hazard data for the hands and gloves of cooking personnel, the staff members were divided into two groups: a group presenting Enterobacteriaceae or coliforms, and another group presenting neither Enterobacteriaceae nor coliforms. The results showed that S. aureus was detected on the hands of staff in each group at levels of 2.0 and 2.1 log CFU/hand, respectively, and at 1.8 and 0.0 log CFU/hand on the gloves of staff in each group, respectively. Among kitchen utensils, as an environmental factor in school foodservice operations, S. aureus was detected on meat knives, mixing bowls, and dish cloths at levels exceeding 1.0 log CFU/hand.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.69-80
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• 2015

This can be promoted collaboration environment for the system and the system is very important for competitiveness, it is equipped. If so, could work in collaboration with members of the organization to promote collaboration what factors? Organizational collaboration and cooperation of many people working, or worth pursuing common goals by sharing information and processes to improve labor productivity, defined as collaboration. Factors that promote collaboration are shared visions, the organization's principles and rules that reflect the visions, on-line system developments, and communication methods. First, it embodies the vision shared by the more sympathetic members are active and voluntary participation in the activities of the organization can be achieved. Second, the members are aware of all the rules and principles of a united whole is accepted and leads to good performance. In addition, the ability to share sensitive business activities for self-development and also lead to work to make this a regular activity to create a team that can collaborate to help the environment and the atmosphere. Third, a systematic construction of the online collaboration system is made efficient and rapid task. According to Student team and A corporation we knew that Cloud services and social media, low-cost, high-efficiency services could achieve. The introduction of the latest information technology changes, the members of the organization's systems and active participation can take advantage of continuing education must be made. Fourth, the company to inform people both inside and outside of the organization to communicate actively to change the image of the company activities, the creation of corporate performance is very important to figure. Reflects the latest trend to actively use social media to communicate the effort is needed. For development of systematic collaboration promoting model steps to meet the organizational role. First, the Chief Executive Officer to make a firm and clear vision of the organization members to propagate the faith, empathy gives a sense of belonging should be able to have. Second, middle managers, CEO's vision is to systematically propagate the organizers rules and principles to establish a system would create. Third, general operatives internalize the vision of the company stating that the role of outside companies must adhere. The purpose of this study was well done in collaboration organizations promoting factors for strategic alignment model based on the golden circle and collaboration to understand and reflect the latest trends in information technology tools to take advantage of smart work and business know how student teams through case analysis will derive the success factors. This is the foundation for future empirical studies are expected to be present.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.33-46
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• 2020

This study analyzes the entrepreneurship education phenomena for agri-food entrepreneurs whose main business is the production of agricultural products and the sale of processed products, using the qualitative study Strauss & Corbin(1998)'s evidence theory approach. From the entrepreneur's point of view, I would like to summarize the phenomena that appear in education, and to prepare a theoretical basis for explaining the phenomena. The importance of entrepreneurship education is emphasized to cultivate the ability to develop and provide products tailored to customers. The necessity of education leads to an increase in demand according to the situational awareness of the founders, and the quantitative increase in entrepreneurship education in the agri-food sector is a clear trend. Inevitably, the need for various discussions on systematic and effective entrepreneurship education is raised. For the study, an interview was conducted with preliminary or entrepreneur who have experienced entrepreneurship education in the agri-food sector. As a research method, I use Strauss & Corbin(1998)'s approach and analyze qualitative data using QSR's NVIVO 12 program. Through this study, it was found that contextual and systematic entrepreneurship education in the agri-food sector has the effect of strengthening competitiveness and strengthening sales. There is a need for follow-up management of trainees. Strengthening the competitiveness of start-ups is based on training professional manpower through education and linking regions with cities. Strengthening sales is based on product planning and market development. This study explores entrepreneurship education in the agri-food sector, which has not been actively conducted in the past. Exploratory analysis on the experiences of the founders of agri-food sector as education demanders has an important meaning for understanding the phenomenon of start-up education.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2002

Purpose : The differential diagnosis between Modic type I degenerative spine and infectious spondylitis sometimes is difficult, because the affected bone marrows in both disease show similar signal intensity on conventional MR imaging. We evaluate the usefulness of diffusion-wighted MR imaging for differential diagnosis between Modic type I degenerative spine and infectious spondylitis. Materials and methods : The spin-echo and diffusion-weighted MR images of eight patients with Modic type I degenerative spines and 14 patients with infectious spondylitis diagnosed by clinical findings or CT-guided biopsies we re analyzed. The diffusion-weighted imaging sequence was based on reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession (PSIF). Signal intensity changes of the vertebral bone marrow on conventional spin-echo and diffusion-weighted MR imaging were compared between degenerative spine and infectious spondylitis. Results : On T1-weighte d images, the affeted bone marrow in both disease showed hypointense signals. On T 2-weighted images, all of type I degenerative spine and 11 of infectious spondylitis showed hyperintensity, and three of infectious spondylitis showed heterogeneo us mixed signal intensity. On diffusion-weighted MR images, all of type I degenerative spine were hypointense with peripheral high signal intensity to normal vertebral body, but infectious spondylitis was hyperintense (n = 11) and hypointense (n=3). Conclusion : Diffusion-weighted MR imaging is useful to differentiate Modic type I degenerative spine from infectious spondylitis. On diffusion-weighted images, the high singal intensity of bone marrow suggests infectious spondylitis, whereas the low signal intensity of bone marrow with peripheral focal high signal intensity suggests type I degenerative spine.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

The Banking industry is expanding rapidly. To keep the competitive advantages, participating companies concentrate their resource to provide the distinguishable services by increasing the service quality. This study is to find that how three kinds of service quality(process, output, and service environment) affect on the customer satisfaction. In this paper, WPCSI (Weighted Potential Customer Satisfaction Index) was developed using Kano model and PCSI. Kano's model of service quality classification was used to improve customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction index was calculated. Customer satisfaction index was calculated using the existing potential for improving customer satisfaction index (PCSI Index) to complement the limitations of the weighted potential improve customer satisfaction index (WPCSI) were used. Analysis using PCSI improve the quality of service levels may be useful in assessing. However, this figure is a marginal degree of importance on customers and quality characteristics have been overlooked but has its problems. A service provided to customers with some important differences depending on the interpretation of the scope for improvement is to be classified. In other words, the level of customer satisfaction and the satisfaction of the current difference between the comparison factor for the company to provide information about the priority of the improvement was not significant. Companies are also considered important that the customer does not consider the uniform quality of service provided can be fallible. In this study, the weighted potential to improve it improve customer satisfaction index (WPCSI) proposed a new customer satisfaction index. This is for customers to recognize the importance of quality characteristics by weighting factors, to identify practical and improved priority to provide more useful information than has been. Weighted potentially improve customer satisfaction index (WPCSI) presented in this study by the customers aware of the importance of considering the quality factor is an exponent. The results, 'Employees' working ability', 'provided the desired service level', 'staff to handle this task quickly enough' to the customer of the factors had significant effects on satisfaction are met. On the other hand 'aggressiveness on the product description of employees', 'service environment as a whole, beautiful enough to' meet and shows no significant difference between satisfaction. But 'aggressiveness on the product description of employees' and reverse (逆) were attributable to the quality. Small dogs and overly aggressive products that encourage the customer dissatisfaction that can result in widening should be careful because the quality factor can be said. As a result, WPCSI is more effect to find critical factors which can affect customer satisfaction than PCSI. After that, we discuss effects and advantages of customer satisfaction using WPCSI. This study, along with these positive aspects, the limitations are implied. First, this study directly to the bank so that I could visit any other way for customers, utilizing the Internet or mobile to take advantage of the respondents were excluded from the analysis. Second, in survey questionnaires can help improve understanding of the measures will be taken. In addition to the survey targeted mainly focused on Seoul, according to a sample, so sampling can cause problems is the viscosity revealed intends.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

The functions and roles in the various fields of modern society are changing into the unified and multiplex structure, which is simultaneous and virtual communication environments beyond physical space and time, by the digital IT technology. The urban traffic system is also being intellectualized in order to solve urban traffic problems and convenient services by using digital IT technology. The bus, which is the one of the most common public transportation, are suffering in the decrease of bus service quality and the bus passengers rate because of the development of other public transportation systems such as the subway and electric railway and by rapidly increasing private cars. By recognizing these problems, many domestic and overseas cities are promoting to introduce the Bus Information System (BIS) to improve service quality of buses through the intelligent traffic system. According to the construction of this new information system called the Bus Information System (BIS), the new bus stop configuration system and design plans are being required to solve the existing bus stop information system. Therefore, this research was conducted to suggest an effective BIS configuration system plan and synthetic design goals based on the investigation the problems of the information system and the BIS configuration system for Busan city. Also, this research are conducted the below actions as follows: First, the literature survey was conducted, such as theoretical documents on the bus stop and the Bus Information System(BIS), Also, the design trend of the BIS was examined through domestic and overseas BIS cases studies. Scondly, the problems related to the information system in Busan city bus stops were investigated to investigate the present state and problems of the Bus Information System (BIS). Finally, as a result of this research, the effective BIS configuration system plan and design approach methods of bus stops were proposed for by Busan city based on the above investigation results.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 1996

Today in the industrial society, the urban park is the place for citizens' health, recreation, exercise, and education. This is a very important place as a fine sight and maintenance of public security. As the results of rapid economic growth during the last thirty years, citizens are in the age of material civilization and are challenged with many serious urban problems such as pollution, noise, traffic congestion, human alienation, etc. Rapid material civilization brought to citizens' mental and physical diseases. To some of the problems, it is necessary that we should have proper leisure and recreation facilities, and that we should have the active, positive posture to them. Especially we need the out door recreational spaces and facilities. But nowadays the urban parks are given little thought in spites of the necessity of parks which should be used as a recreational spaces in the urban areas. So, This study attempt to comprehend the function, quantity and quality of the urban park system in Taegu. It is clear that the quantity is inappropriate. Because of inappropriate disposition and management, its coefficiency of utilization is low. In view of the population and park ratio, Dong Gu, Nam Gu, Suseong Gu and Dalseong Gun have comparative good, environments. However, Dalseo Qu, Seo Gu and Jung Gu have less geographical features. There are some methods to provide expansion of the aggregate of urban parks. We can use the school-grounds and their facilities. which were moved from C.B.D. to the outskirts of Daegu, or some parts of urban redevelopment, or the riverside of Sincheon river. In the urban park-program, users' satisfaction-factors are analyzed. We must reconsider the efficiency. The above problems are improved. Active administration and inhabitants' Positive participation are demanded so that the sound development of cities and daily life-surroundings are promoted.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 2017

Recently, urban regeneration is being actively promoted in Korea and among those Jeonju Hanok Village is the major project which is the most consistently promoted. For this, visitors of Jeonju Hanok Village are skyrocketing. However, due to this condition, various problems are occurring, especially about commercialization. In this regard, this study is to suggest management of the Jeonju Hanok Village and new orientation in the policy, by analyzing physical, economic, and social status due to urban regeneration for Jeonju Hanok Village which has lost its identity and been commercialized. For this, the study analyzed changes in land usage and real transaction price, SNS data. Firstly, in the physical analysis, the study realized that there is commercialization going around the main streets of Jeonju Hanok Village. Due to the rapid commercialization, living spaces for locals are replaced to commercial spaces for tourists, and the emigration of locals is caused by economic/environmental damages with the degradation of housing environments. Secondly, in the economic analysis, there was no gap in real transactions among streets in 2010 but has shown a valid gap in 2016. The traffic of tourists is heavy and the real transaction prices of streets that are adjacent to major tourist sights rose the most. Rising real transaction prices are a positive phenomenon in the aspect of the city regeneration but it is concerned that they can be perceived as investment subjects. Thirdly, in the social analysis, tourists are using commercial aspects more than historical or cultural sites, and have lots of interest on those. However, because there are also lots of opinions about the commercialization of Hanok Village, we think the plans which can establish the identity of Hanok Village should be prepared. The study has its meaning on analyzing reality based on the land usage, real transaction, SNS data and suggesting political implications.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2011

This work was carried out to investigate the quantity of manure excreta and characteristics in growth and production phase of Holstein dairy cattle. The average manure production of dairy cattle under condition of ad libitum feeding was 41.5 kg/head/day (feces 24.9, urine 16.4 kg). The average moisture contents of feces and urine were 85.0% and 93.9%, respectively. Water pollutant concentration, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$ and SS excreted from dairy cattle were 15,444 mg/${\ell}$, 53,159 mg/${\ell}$, and 40,528 mg/${\ell}$ in feces and 8,454 mg/${\ell}$1,116 mg/${\ell}$, and 962 mg/${\ell}$in urine, respectively. And The daily loading amount of $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, SS in dairy cattle manure were 523 g, 1,416 g and 1,025 g, respectively. N, P and K contents of manure produced by dairy cattle were 0.33, 0.49 and 0.20% in feces, and 1.02, 0.27 and 1.03 in urine, respectively. In the concentrations of mineral and heavy metal of manure, Ca, Na and Mg contents were 1.56, 0.24 and 0.69%, and Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and As were 69.23, 19.14, 2.89, 7.73 and 2.94 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, Dairy farms can be estimated optimum nutrient and pollutant balance to effectively manage the manure produced.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.537-544
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• 2017

Stable carbon isotope ratio of carbon dioxide (${\delta}^{13}C_{CO2}$) is used as an important indicator in the researches for global climate change and carbon capture and sequestration technology. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ value has been usually analyzed with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS). Recently, the use of Laser Absorption Spectrometry (LAS) is increasing because of the cost efficiency and field applicability. The purpose of this study was to suggest practical procedures to prepare laboratory reference gases for ${\delta}^{13}C_{CO2}$ analysis using LAS. $CO_2$ gas was adjusted to have the concentrations within the analytical range. Then, the concentration of $CO_2$ was assessed in a lab approved by the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme and the ${\delta}^{13}C_{CO2}$ value was measured by IRMS. When the instrument ran over 12 hours, the ${\delta}^{13}C$ values were drifted up to ${\pm}10$‰ if the concentration of $CO_2$ was shifted up to 1.0% of relative standard deviation. Therefore, periodical investigation of analytical suitability and correction should be conducted. Because ${\delta}^{13}C_{CO2}$ showed the dependency on $CO_2$ concentration, we suggested the equation for calibrating the concentration effect. After calibration, ${\delta}^{13}C_{CO2}$ was well matched with the result of IRMS within ${\pm}0.52$‰.